烟火字画与火药反应技巧初探
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摘要
通过分析国内外因特网上与之相关的科技文献和新闻报道,可以得知：赢得国际、国内各界友人好评如潮的火药绘画技术,是将易燃易爆的烟火药及其它爆破器材平铺在一定厚度的材料上,燃烧反应后在材料上留下某些特定的痕迹,形成具有一定意义的抽象图形。这是二十世纪九十年代由蔡国强先生发明的艺术表现形式。目前该创作形式尚处于新兴阶段,只有少数人掌握此种手段,且与此相关的科技研究文献或报道稀少。
本文按照火药燃烧理论等与烟火技术相关的知识初步探索了火药绘画原理：依据火药燃烧理论判断出该反应的类型,剧烈程度,以及燃烧特征,安全性能特征等；改进黑火药配方,采用活性炭代替原有的炭成分实验室制备火药成品,并对其假密度,含水率、撞击感度、燃速等一般性能特征进行了测试；亦以黑火药为例子,使用先进的科学仪器进行了热分析实验,并分析其热分解反应过程；根据实验药品用量进行了燃烧线速度理论计算。亦在实验室内进行火药绘画的实验研究：采用不同的烟火药剂,如：赤磷烟火药剂、高锰酸钾烟火药剂等；尝试了不同的实验材料,有：普通白纸,墙壁纸,宣纸,牛皮纸等；制作不同的艺术形式,包括国画与书法等；采用一些有效的阻燃技术,更安全地、有效地实验；突破原有的一些目前仅有的单调颜色等等。
通过研究可以得出以下结论：火药处于不稳定燃烧时,如燃烧剧烈,反应产生的热量过多,该温度达到实验材料的燃点,材料被点燃,被灼穿；或在木板、砖块的压覆下,稳定燃速转为不稳定燃烧,甚至爆炸。各种不同烟火药剂的实验尝试亦表明了火药绘画这项技术不局限于某种特定的烟火药剂,可进行更多的探索。实验结果更突破了该表现形式的新的特点：不仅有山水国画,亦可以有书法作品出现；不仅只是单调的水墨色,亦可以有五颜六色的图片产生。经过一系列的资料文献搜索以及实验研究表明,在烟火绘画中更好的运用烟火技术,将得到更好的视觉效果。
Through the analysis of domestic and foreign Internet related scientific literature and press coverage,we can leam:gunpowder painting that earned rave reviews from international and domestic friends from all walks of life.Gunpowder is spreading inflammable and explosive pyrotechnic composition and other Explosives on the certain thickness of the materials.Certain traces were left in the materials after the combustion reactions,which make up abstract figures contained a certain sense. This is a fashion of artistic expression in the1990s invented by Mr. Cai.The form of creation is still in the emerging stage and only a few people to grasp such ways.And related science and technology research literature were reported scarcely.
During this paper the principle of gunpowder painting have been desk studied in accordance with the knowledge of pyrotechnics for example the gunpowder combustion theory.The type of reactions,the acute level of reactions,the combustion characteristics and safety performance characteristics has been determined according to the gunpowder combustion theory.The black powder formulations that the active carbon has been in place of the original composition of carbon has been improved, which have been taken place in the laboratory.And its general performance characteristics have been tested,which contains the bulk density,moisture content,impact sensitivity,and the burning velocity.Also black powder,for example,the thermal analysis experiments of it have been done by the advanced scientific instruments and the process of thermal decomposition reaction has been analyze.The line velocity of combustion has been calculated according to the amount of experimental medicine. The experiments of powder painting has been studied in the laboratory,which contain to use different pyrotechnic for example red phosphorous pyrotechnic agents,potassium permanganate pyrotechnic agents;and to try different experimental materials,for example common paper,wallpaper,China paper,Kraft paper;to produce different types of art forms,including China painting and Chinese calligraphy;to adopt some more sure,more effective experimental technology,such as inflaming retarding technology;to add some other colors except the original color.
Following conclusions can be drawn by the study:the gunpowder burnt inconstantly such as severe combustion,the excessive heat of reaction,when its temperature reaches the ignition points of the experimental materials,the materials are ignited and burnt.Or with the pressure of covering wood,brick,the stable burning speed into an unstable combustion and even explosion. A variety of pyrotechnic experimental attempts also showed that the fireworks painting technology is not limited to a certain kind of pyrotechnic composition may be more exploration.The experimental results add some new features to the old fashion:not only including Chinese landscape paintings,but Chinese calligraphy;not only including monotonous ink color,but colorful pictures.After a range of information literature searched and experimental studies indicated:In the fireworks painting, the better utilization pyrotechnic technology,will obtain the better visual effect.
本文按照火药燃烧理论等与烟火技术相关的知识初步探索了火药绘画原理：依据火药燃烧理论判断出该反应的类型,剧烈程度,以及燃烧特征,安全性能特征等；改进黑火药配方,采用活性炭代替原有的炭成分实验室制备火药成品,并对其假密度,含水率、撞击感度、燃速等一般性能特征进行了测试；亦以黑火药为例子,使用先进的科学仪器进行了热分析实验,并分析其热分解反应过程；根据实验药品用量进行了燃烧线速度理论计算。亦在实验室内进行火药绘画的实验研究：采用不同的烟火药剂,如：赤磷烟火药剂、高锰酸钾烟火药剂等；尝试了不同的实验材料,有：普通白纸,墙壁纸,宣纸,牛皮纸等；制作不同的艺术形式,包括国画与书法等；采用一些有效的阻燃技术,更安全地、有效地实验；突破原有的一些目前仅有的单调颜色等等。
通过研究可以得出以下结论：火药处于不稳定燃烧时,如燃烧剧烈,反应产生的热量过多,该温度达到实验材料的燃点,材料被点燃,被灼穿；或在木板、砖块的压覆下,稳定燃速转为不稳定燃烧,甚至爆炸。各种不同烟火药剂的实验尝试亦表明了火药绘画这项技术不局限于某种特定的烟火药剂,可进行更多的探索。实验结果更突破了该表现形式的新的特点：不仅有山水国画,亦可以有书法作品出现；不仅只是单调的水墨色,亦可以有五颜六色的图片产生。经过一系列的资料文献搜索以及实验研究表明,在烟火绘画中更好的运用烟火技术,将得到更好的视觉效果。
Through the analysis of domestic and foreign Internet related scientific literature and press coverage,we can leam:gunpowder painting that earned rave reviews from international and domestic friends from all walks of life.Gunpowder is spreading inflammable and explosive pyrotechnic composition and other Explosives on the certain thickness of the materials.Certain traces were left in the materials after the combustion reactions,which make up abstract figures contained a certain sense. This is a fashion of artistic expression in the1990s invented by Mr. Cai.The form of creation is still in the emerging stage and only a few people to grasp such ways.And related science and technology research literature were reported scarcely.
During this paper the principle of gunpowder painting have been desk studied in accordance with the knowledge of pyrotechnics for example the gunpowder combustion theory.The type of reactions,the acute level of reactions,the combustion characteristics and safety performance characteristics has been determined according to the gunpowder combustion theory.The black powder formulations that the active carbon has been in place of the original composition of carbon has been improved, which have been taken place in the laboratory.And its general performance characteristics have been tested,which contains the bulk density,moisture content,impact sensitivity,and the burning velocity.Also black powder,for example,the thermal analysis experiments of it have been done by the advanced scientific instruments and the process of thermal decomposition reaction has been analyze.The line velocity of combustion has been calculated according to the amount of experimental medicine. The experiments of powder painting has been studied in the laboratory,which contain to use different pyrotechnic for example red phosphorous pyrotechnic agents,potassium permanganate pyrotechnic agents;and to try different experimental materials,for example common paper,wallpaper,China paper,Kraft paper;to produce different types of art forms,including China painting and Chinese calligraphy;to adopt some more sure,more effective experimental technology,such as inflaming retarding technology;to add some other colors except the original color.
Following conclusions can be drawn by the study:the gunpowder burnt inconstantly such as severe combustion,the excessive heat of reaction,when its temperature reaches the ignition points of the experimental materials,the materials are ignited and burnt.Or with the pressure of covering wood,brick,the stable burning speed into an unstable combustion and even explosion. A variety of pyrotechnic experimental attempts also showed that the fireworks painting technology is not limited to a certain kind of pyrotechnic composition may be more exploration.The experimental results add some new features to the old fashion:not only including Chinese landscape paintings,but Chinese calligraphy;not only including monotonous ink color,but colorful pictures.After a range of information literature searched and experimental studies indicated:In the fireworks painting, the better utilization pyrotechnic technology,will obtain the better visual effect.
引文
[1]万相辛.鸟巢不夜天：展示中国光彩的“火药绘画”“鸟巢”不夜天[N].南方精选,南方报业网,2008.08.08 http://nf.nfdaily.cn/nanfangdaily/nfjx/200808080042.asp
[2]马颖,强墨.走进蔡国强的艺术世界[J].西北大学报(哲学社会科学版),2010(4)：01-03
[3]蔡国强.1992-1993年作胎动Ⅱ—为外星人做的计划第九号水墨火药爆破纸本,编号0429[N].亚洲当代艺术抽藏品,博宝拍卖网http://auction.artxun.com/paimai-312-1559909.shtml
[4]陆烨垭,阮丽张,谢向明,林良标.世界最大火药爆绘壁画在闽台缘博物馆诞生[N].国内新闻,新华社,2006.05.15http://china.newssc.org/system/2006/05/15/000116775_01.shtml
[5]潘功配.烟火技术基础与应用[M].南京：江苏科学技术出版社,1985：300-305
[6]专利号CN88102008.7,蔡国强.火药绘画专利[P].专利检索,中国应用技术网
[7]林蔚平.焰火、麻宣纸和爆绘画[N].新浪财经,新浪网,2008.08.16http://finance.sina.com.cn/g/20080816/07485206657.shtml
[8]蔡国强.地球也有黑洞：为外星人作的计划第十六号[N].展览史,东方视觉http://www.ionly.com.cn/nbo/zhanlan/zhanlaninfoshowpic.aspx?id=68551
[9]邵力.烟花是一种奇妙的艺术[J].花炮科技与市场,2003(4)：32-33
[10]吴泽华.蔡国强奥运“二十九个脚印”再现泉州[N].体育,东南网,2008.08.15http://www.fjsen.com/newscenter/2008-08/15/content_544249.htm
[11]王柏峰.蔡国强创作火药爆绘画,六秒钟再现北京奥运[N].社会,人民网,2008.08.13http://pic.people.com.cn/GB/31655/7661035.html
[12]谢慕.蔡国强爆炸计划年表[N].雅昌艺术网,中国艺术门户网站,2008.06.11http://news.artron.net/show_news.php?newid=52013#
[13]颜财斌.蔡国强又一火药爆绘画新作在泉州诞生[N].福建,腾讯首页,2008.08.13http://news.qq.com/a/20080813/001662.htm
[14]陆烨垭,阮丽张,谢向明,林良标.福建炸出世界最大火药画[N].旅游资讯,青岛新闻网,2006.05.15http://www.qingdaonews.com/content/2006-05/15/content_6863775.htm
[15]郑琳.蔡国强“火烧”雷峰塔《观潮图》火药草图公开创作[N].杭州,浙江在线,2011.09.21http://zjnews.zjol.com.cn/05zjnews/system/2011/09/21/017858634.shtml
[16]陈颖,艺术眼编译.蔡国强中东首场个展“海市蜃楼”拉开帷幕[N].绘画,艺术中国,2011.12.30 http://art.china.cn/huihua/2011-12/30/content_4732820.htm
[17]王寅.欲把硫磺化丹青：观蔡国强的火药画[N].华东站,雅昌艺术网站,2012.03.14http://huadong.artron.net/show_news.php?newid=223446
[18]加菲.蔡国强用火药创造艺术[N].青年时讯,中国青年饱,2008.08.29http://qnsx.cyol.com/content/2008-08/29/content_2337781.htm
[19]刘继华.火药物理化学性能[M].北京：北京理工大学出版社,1997：141-143
[20]潘功配.烟火学[M].第1版.北京：北京理工大学出版社,2005
[21](英)Michael S.Russel.The chemistry of fireworks[M].UK:The Royal Society of Chemistry(English).2000:8
[22]宋东明,潘功配,王乃岩.基于最小自由能法的烟火药燃烧产物预测模型[J].弹箭与制导学报,2006(1)：120-122
[23]王元宏.阻燃剂化学及其应用[M].上海：上海科技技术文献出版社,1988
[24]刘玲.新型阻燃剂的进展[J].辽宁化工,2003,32(1)：26-29
[25](日)清水武夫.烟火制造技术[J].花炮科技与市场,2004(2)：17-20
[26]唐桂林,赵家玉,吴煌,杜志明.黑火药的改进研究[J].火工品,2002(4)：25-27
[27]严仙荣,谢兴华,高玉刚,邸云信.烟火绘画技术的实验研究[J].火工品,2011(5)：54-56
[28]郭宏元.火药炸药联合装药爆炸效应初探[D].安徽理工大学,2010：11-14
[29]刘鸿雁.烟火药化学能形成原因探讨及预防[J].花炮科技与市场,2001(4)：14-17
[30]GJB 1047.5—90黑火药性能测试：含水率的测定
[31]WJ 1867-89《火工品药剂假密度测定法》
[32]张立.爆破器材性能与爆炸效应测试[M].合肥：中国科学技术大学出版社,2006
[33]潘功配,杨硕.烟火学[M].北京：北京理工大学出版社,2004
[34]韩体飞.水胶炸药胶体稳定性的研究[D].安徽理工大学,2010：39-46
[35]路桂娥,江劲勇,陈明华.微热量热法测定单基发射药的动力学参数[J].火炸药学报,2000(2)：48-49
[36]任慧,崔庆忠,焦青介.黑火药的热分解过程与反应动力学参数研究[J].含能材料,2007(2)：29-32
[2]马颖,强墨.走进蔡国强的艺术世界[J].西北大学报(哲学社会科学版),2010(4)：01-03
[3]蔡国强.1992-1993年作胎动Ⅱ—为外星人做的计划第九号水墨火药爆破纸本,编号0429[N].亚洲当代艺术抽藏品,博宝拍卖网http://auction.artxun.com/paimai-312-1559909.shtml
[4]陆烨垭,阮丽张,谢向明,林良标.世界最大火药爆绘壁画在闽台缘博物馆诞生[N].国内新闻,新华社,2006.05.15http://china.newssc.org/system/2006/05/15/000116775_01.shtml
[5]潘功配.烟火技术基础与应用[M].南京：江苏科学技术出版社,1985：300-305
[6]专利号CN88102008.7,蔡国强.火药绘画专利[P].专利检索,中国应用技术网
[7]林蔚平.焰火、麻宣纸和爆绘画[N].新浪财经,新浪网,2008.08.16http://finance.sina.com.cn/g/20080816/07485206657.shtml
[8]蔡国强.地球也有黑洞：为外星人作的计划第十六号[N].展览史,东方视觉http://www.ionly.com.cn/nbo/zhanlan/zhanlaninfoshowpic.aspx?id=68551
[9]邵力.烟花是一种奇妙的艺术[J].花炮科技与市场,2003(4)：32-33
[10]吴泽华.蔡国强奥运“二十九个脚印”再现泉州[N].体育,东南网,2008.08.15http://www.fjsen.com/newscenter/2008-08/15/content_544249.htm
[11]王柏峰.蔡国强创作火药爆绘画,六秒钟再现北京奥运[N].社会,人民网,2008.08.13http://pic.people.com.cn/GB/31655/7661035.html
[12]谢慕.蔡国强爆炸计划年表[N].雅昌艺术网,中国艺术门户网站,2008.06.11http://news.artron.net/show_news.php?newid=52013#
[13]颜财斌.蔡国强又一火药爆绘画新作在泉州诞生[N].福建,腾讯首页,2008.08.13http://news.qq.com/a/20080813/001662.htm
[14]陆烨垭,阮丽张,谢向明,林良标.福建炸出世界最大火药画[N].旅游资讯,青岛新闻网,2006.05.15http://www.qingdaonews.com/content/2006-05/15/content_6863775.htm
[15]郑琳.蔡国强“火烧”雷峰塔《观潮图》火药草图公开创作[N].杭州,浙江在线,2011.09.21http://zjnews.zjol.com.cn/05zjnews/system/2011/09/21/017858634.shtml
[16]陈颖,艺术眼编译.蔡国强中东首场个展“海市蜃楼”拉开帷幕[N].绘画,艺术中国,2011.12.30 http://art.china.cn/huihua/2011-12/30/content_4732820.htm
[17]王寅.欲把硫磺化丹青：观蔡国强的火药画[N].华东站,雅昌艺术网站,2012.03.14http://huadong.artron.net/show_news.php?newid=223446
[18]加菲.蔡国强用火药创造艺术[N].青年时讯,中国青年饱,2008.08.29http://qnsx.cyol.com/content/2008-08/29/content_2337781.htm
[19]刘继华.火药物理化学性能[M].北京：北京理工大学出版社,1997：141-143
[20]潘功配.烟火学[M].第1版.北京：北京理工大学出版社,2005
[21](英)Michael S.Russel.The chemistry of fireworks[M].UK:The Royal Society of Chemistry(English).2000:8
[22]宋东明,潘功配,王乃岩.基于最小自由能法的烟火药燃烧产物预测模型[J].弹箭与制导学报,2006(1)：120-122
[23]王元宏.阻燃剂化学及其应用[M].上海：上海科技技术文献出版社,1988
[24]刘玲.新型阻燃剂的进展[J].辽宁化工,2003,32(1)：26-29
[25](日)清水武夫.烟火制造技术[J].花炮科技与市场,2004(2)：17-20
[26]唐桂林,赵家玉,吴煌,杜志明.黑火药的改进研究[J].火工品,2002(4)：25-27
[27]严仙荣,谢兴华,高玉刚,邸云信.烟火绘画技术的实验研究[J].火工品,2011(5)：54-56
[28]郭宏元.火药炸药联合装药爆炸效应初探[D].安徽理工大学,2010：11-14
[29]刘鸿雁.烟火药化学能形成原因探讨及预防[J].花炮科技与市场,2001(4)：14-17
[30]GJB 1047.5—90黑火药性能测试：含水率的测定
[31]WJ 1867-89《火工品药剂假密度测定法》
[32]张立.爆破器材性能与爆炸效应测试[M].合肥：中国科学技术大学出版社,2006
[33]潘功配,杨硕.烟火学[M].北京：北京理工大学出版社,2004
[34]韩体飞.水胶炸药胶体稳定性的研究[D].安徽理工大学,2010：39-46
[35]路桂娥,江劲勇,陈明华.微热量热法测定单基发射药的动力学参数[J].火炸药学报,2000(2)：48-49
[36]任慧,崔庆忠,焦青介.黑火药的热分解过程与反应动力学参数研究[J].含能材料,2007(2)：29-32