建设工程材料供应系统的可靠性管理与控制研究
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摘要
建筑材料是建筑工程建设中必不可少的物资要素,是构成工程实体的重要组成部分。本文应用系统工程原理分析土木工程材料供应的全过程。通过定义材料供应系统可靠性,研究该系统的可靠性关系,建立可靠性管理与控制模型,提出了提高系统可靠性的管理措施,并借助运筹学方法建立了材料供应系统优化模型。这些研究将有助于发现系统中的隐患和薄弱环节,并采取相应管理与控制措施以消除隐患和薄弱环节,同时为改善和提高系统可靠性提供方向和途径。因此,对于工程材料供应系统可靠性管理与控制的研究,无论是对于建筑工程项目还是施工企业都显得十分重要。
本文紧密结合工程实际,根据系统可靠性管理与控制理论,在建设工程材料供应系统的可靠性管理与控制方面进行了以下的研究:
(1)基于建筑产品的实现过程,建立了建设项目材料供应系统,该系统由材料的采购过程子系统、材料的运输过程子系统、材料的生产过程子系统、材料的存贮过程子系统组成。建立了施工企业对材料供应系统评价的指标体系,该体系的建立,对于将来实际工作中分析特定系统时,有较强的指导意义。
(2)在探讨材料供应系统可靠性关系的基础上,提出通过计算材料供应系统可靠度来评价建设材料供应工作可靠性,并运用灰色马尔可夫数学模型对材料供应工作的可靠度进行了预测。
(3)通过对材料供应系统可靠性的分析,结合目前建筑材料管理现状,归纳剖析材料供应各子系统可靠性目标的影响因素。通过建立材料供应系统可靠性管理与控制模型,提出提高系统可靠性的材料管理内容与措施。
(4)本文结合工程实例,提出了材料供应优化方法,应用最优化原理建立DEDS资源分配数学模型来处理闲置材料成本回收问题;借助排队论的数学原理建立商品混凝土供应车辆的排队最优化数学模型,探讨了方案的优化问题。
As an important constituent of the architectural engineering entity, the building material is an indispensable in the process of structural construction. Based on the principle of system engineering, the whole supply system is analyzed. Increasing the reliability, analyzing the system function, and researching on the system reliability relations, the characteristic vector of system reliability is optimized by modeling cardinal model. This will be helpful in the discovery of the system’s hidden danger and weak link. It will be contributed to take measures to manage and control it. therefore,the research on the management and control of the Building Material Supply System is very important.
According to the system reliability management and control theory, the author makes the research of the following several respects closely with the project practice:
(1) According to the construction process of the realization of architectural products, the Supply system is be defined, which consists of the material procurement subsystem、the material transport subsystem、the material construction subsystem and the materials storage subsystem. The evaluation index system to the supply system for the construction enterprise has been discussed.
(2) Based on the reliability relations of the material supply system, the reliability of the material supply system has been carried on the forecast by using the gray Markov mathematical model.
(3) Analyzing the performances of the building project, and researching on the status of the material management in the construction enterprise, the influence factors on the object of the supply system reliability among the subsystems are summed up, and the measures of management and control about building material are put forward.
(4) With the Introduction of the project example and the application to optimization principle, the DEDS cardinal model about resource distribution is developed. It will be helpful to solve the cost recycling problem about idle building material. Based on the queuing theory, this paper also will discuss on the plan optimized which solves the problem of commodity concrete supply.
本文紧密结合工程实际,根据系统可靠性管理与控制理论,在建设工程材料供应系统的可靠性管理与控制方面进行了以下的研究:
(1)基于建筑产品的实现过程,建立了建设项目材料供应系统,该系统由材料的采购过程子系统、材料的运输过程子系统、材料的生产过程子系统、材料的存贮过程子系统组成。建立了施工企业对材料供应系统评价的指标体系,该体系的建立,对于将来实际工作中分析特定系统时,有较强的指导意义。
(2)在探讨材料供应系统可靠性关系的基础上,提出通过计算材料供应系统可靠度来评价建设材料供应工作可靠性,并运用灰色马尔可夫数学模型对材料供应工作的可靠度进行了预测。
(3)通过对材料供应系统可靠性的分析,结合目前建筑材料管理现状,归纳剖析材料供应各子系统可靠性目标的影响因素。通过建立材料供应系统可靠性管理与控制模型,提出提高系统可靠性的材料管理内容与措施。
(4)本文结合工程实例,提出了材料供应优化方法,应用最优化原理建立DEDS资源分配数学模型来处理闲置材料成本回收问题;借助排队论的数学原理建立商品混凝土供应车辆的排队最优化数学模型,探讨了方案的优化问题。
As an important constituent of the architectural engineering entity, the building material is an indispensable in the process of structural construction. Based on the principle of system engineering, the whole supply system is analyzed. Increasing the reliability, analyzing the system function, and researching on the system reliability relations, the characteristic vector of system reliability is optimized by modeling cardinal model. This will be helpful in the discovery of the system’s hidden danger and weak link. It will be contributed to take measures to manage and control it. therefore,the research on the management and control of the Building Material Supply System is very important.
According to the system reliability management and control theory, the author makes the research of the following several respects closely with the project practice:
(1) According to the construction process of the realization of architectural products, the Supply system is be defined, which consists of the material procurement subsystem、the material transport subsystem、the material construction subsystem and the materials storage subsystem. The evaluation index system to the supply system for the construction enterprise has been discussed.
(2) Based on the reliability relations of the material supply system, the reliability of the material supply system has been carried on the forecast by using the gray Markov mathematical model.
(3) Analyzing the performances of the building project, and researching on the status of the material management in the construction enterprise, the influence factors on the object of the supply system reliability among the subsystems are summed up, and the measures of management and control about building material are put forward.
(4) With the Introduction of the project example and the application to optimization principle, the DEDS cardinal model about resource distribution is developed. It will be helpful to solve the cost recycling problem about idle building material. Based on the queuing theory, this paper also will discuss on the plan optimized which solves the problem of commodity concrete supply.
引文
[1] G.J.Klir.Facets of systems science.New York:Plenum Press,1991,1-23
[2] 张俊心,关西普,何钟秀,等.软科学手册.天津:天津科技翻译出版公司,1989,30-48
[3] 孔伟.复杂系统可靠性工程相关理论及技术研究:[硕士学位论文].重庆:重庆大学,2002,12-48
[4] 陈三三.工程项目材料的成本管理与控制.江西建材.2006(2):27-29
[5] 汪应络.系统工程导论.北京:机械工业出版社,1982,4-12:207-222
[6] 黄祥瑞.可靠性工程.北京:清华大学出版社,1990,3-15
[7] Klaas B. Klaassen, Jack C. L. Van Peppen.System Reliability.Edward Arnold,1989,256
[8] E.E.刘易斯,冯允成,夏国平.实用可靠性工程.北京:航空工业出版社,1991,7-30
[9] 王寿云.中国现代科学家传记.北京:科学出版社,1991:767-802
[10] 甘师俊.软科学在中国.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1989,2-20
[11] American Association of state High Way and Transportation Officials. AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement structure,Washington:D.C. AASHTO,1986,6-10
[12] 邓铁军,邓寿昌,罗麒麟.高层建筑主体混凝土结构施工.长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,1995:3-16
[13] JIANG S Y . Maximum likelihood estimates from censored data for mixed-Weibull distributions.IEEE Trans on Reliability,1992, 41(2):248-255
[14] 王学军,张雪华,林文兴.关于工程造价Baves估算方法的探讨.武汉水利电力大学学报.2000,33(3):115-117
[15] J.Aitchison.Statistical Prediction Analysis.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1975,35-80
[16] 蔡季冰,朱海龄,陈永.小样本参数计算法及其应用.北京理工大学学报,1989,9(1):92-97
[17] Miles. L.D.Techniques of Value Analysis and Engineering.New York:McGraw –Hill Book Company,1972,100-120
[18] D. I. Cleland,W. R. King.Systems Analysis and Project Management.New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company Press,1983,5-23
[19] 李纯波.价值工程新论.北京:北京经济学院出版社,1991,50-86
[20] 武春友,戴大双.价值工程.北京:北京机械出版社,1992,30-70
[21] 田林子,路桥施工企业材料管理及控制方法研究:[硕士学位论文].南京:南京理工大学,2004,12-48
[22] 梁宗经,旷芸.基于灰色理论的采购模型.广西师范大学学报.2002 ( 6 ):19 -23
[23] 郝渊晓.现代物流技术学.广州:中山大学出版社,2001,1-80
[24] 邓铁军.施工方案评审的可靠性分析方法.湖南大学学报(自然科学版), 2001,28(1):88-92
[25] 邓铁军,王孟均.施工组织成本控制的可靠性分析.长沙铁道学院学报.2001,19(2):37-40
[26] 中华人民共和国建设部.建设工程项目管理规范.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006,19-20
[27] D.H.McNeil.Systems Approaches.A Report for the EOLSS,1996,2-8
[28] 陈雨孙,边际.系统工程与地下水系统.工程勘察.1994(1):26-29
[29] 罗周全,罗典平.矿山系统工程及应用.湖南有色金属,1994,10(5):262 -264
[30] 张亚莉,杨乃定.企业人力资源风险模糊综合评判法.管理工程学报.2002(1):18-20
[31] DENG Tiejun, QIU Yike. Theory of Reliability Analysis and Its Application in Construction Risk Management. Proceedings of 2003 International Conference on Construction & Real Estate Management. Beijing, P. R. China: China Architecture & Building Press,2003,44-48
[32] 日本科学技术厅.系统工程学的现状与展望.郑春瑞.北京:中国社会科学出版社,1983,1-56
[33] Michael E Porter.Michael Porter Value Chain Model Framework. http://www. valuebasedmanagement.net/methods_porter_value_chain.html
[34] 万威武,康军,马海峡.铁路运输系统综合评价与实证分析.西安交通大学学报,1994,28 (3):138 -143
[35] 冯珊.多目标综合评价的指标体系.系统工程与电子技术,1994,(6),17 -24
[36] 张灵莹.多层次统计指标评价体系的评价方法.深圳大学学报,1999,l6(1):39-44
[37] 鲁旭宏.建筑材料供应与管理实用手册.北京:中国环境科学出版社,1999
[38] Liu X L,Chen W F, M .D . Bowman. Construction Load Analysis for Concrete Structures.Journal of Structural Engineering. ASCE,1985,111(5):1019-1036
[39] (美)A.P.塞奇,C.C.怀特.最优系统控制.北京:水利电力出版社,1985,2-228
[40] 黄玉珩.系统可靠性实用计算方法.北京:科学出版社,1986,8-41
[41] 邓铁军.施工可靠性原理的建立及其应用. 湖南大学学报增刊(自然科学版), 2000,27(4):13-16
[42] 董玉革,陈心昭,赵显得等.基于模糊事件概率理论的模糊可靠性分析通用方法.计算力学学报,2005,22(3):281-285
[43] 何勇,鲍一丹.灰色马尔可夫预测模型及其应用.系统工程理论与实践,1992,(4):59-63
[44] 贾鲁平,许茂增,李顺勇,黄昌顿. ABC分析法在施工现场材料管理中的应用.重庆交通学院学报(社科版),2005,5(1):130-133
[45] 甘应爱,田丰,李维铮等. 运筹学.北京:清华大学出版社,2002,310-340
[46] 华兴.排队论与随机服务系统.上海:上海翻译出版社,1987,1-8
[47] 杭世杰.应用排队论解决大型工程项目砼集中供应问题:[工学硕士学位论文].广州:华南理工大学,2005,10-50
[48] 李诗珍,王长建.分类管理在配送中心的应用研究.物流技术,2003,(8):35-40
[49] 张美恋.资源分配问题的遗传算法.集美航海学院学报,1998,16 (2):29-32
[50] 古天龙.一类资源分配问题的DEDS模型.系统工程,1993,(7):12-16
[51] Ho Y C.Computing Costate Variable for Discrete-Event Systems.Proc.IEEE Conf.Decision and Control,1980:690-700
[52] G Cohel. A linar-system-Theoretic view of Discrete Event Processes and Its Use for Performance Evalution in Manufacturing.IEEE Tran on Automatic Control Vol Ac-30,1985,300-310
[2] 张俊心,关西普,何钟秀,等.软科学手册.天津:天津科技翻译出版公司,1989,30-48
[3] 孔伟.复杂系统可靠性工程相关理论及技术研究:[硕士学位论文].重庆:重庆大学,2002,12-48
[4] 陈三三.工程项目材料的成本管理与控制.江西建材.2006(2):27-29
[5] 汪应络.系统工程导论.北京:机械工业出版社,1982,4-12:207-222
[6] 黄祥瑞.可靠性工程.北京:清华大学出版社,1990,3-15
[7] Klaas B. Klaassen, Jack C. L. Van Peppen.System Reliability.Edward Arnold,1989,256
[8] E.E.刘易斯,冯允成,夏国平.实用可靠性工程.北京:航空工业出版社,1991,7-30
[9] 王寿云.中国现代科学家传记.北京:科学出版社,1991:767-802
[10] 甘师俊.软科学在中国.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1989,2-20
[11] American Association of state High Way and Transportation Officials. AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement structure,Washington:D.C. AASHTO,1986,6-10
[12] 邓铁军,邓寿昌,罗麒麟.高层建筑主体混凝土结构施工.长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,1995:3-16
[13] JIANG S Y . Maximum likelihood estimates from censored data for mixed-Weibull distributions.IEEE Trans on Reliability,1992, 41(2):248-255
[14] 王学军,张雪华,林文兴.关于工程造价Baves估算方法的探讨.武汉水利电力大学学报.2000,33(3):115-117
[15] J.Aitchison.Statistical Prediction Analysis.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1975,35-80
[16] 蔡季冰,朱海龄,陈永.小样本参数计算法及其应用.北京理工大学学报,1989,9(1):92-97
[17] Miles. L.D.Techniques of Value Analysis and Engineering.New York:McGraw –Hill Book Company,1972,100-120
[18] D. I. Cleland,W. R. King.Systems Analysis and Project Management.New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company Press,1983,5-23
[19] 李纯波.价值工程新论.北京:北京经济学院出版社,1991,50-86
[20] 武春友,戴大双.价值工程.北京:北京机械出版社,1992,30-70
[21] 田林子,路桥施工企业材料管理及控制方法研究:[硕士学位论文].南京:南京理工大学,2004,12-48
[22] 梁宗经,旷芸.基于灰色理论的采购模型.广西师范大学学报.2002 ( 6 ):19 -23
[23] 郝渊晓.现代物流技术学.广州:中山大学出版社,2001,1-80
[24] 邓铁军.施工方案评审的可靠性分析方法.湖南大学学报(自然科学版), 2001,28(1):88-92
[25] 邓铁军,王孟均.施工组织成本控制的可靠性分析.长沙铁道学院学报.2001,19(2):37-40
[26] 中华人民共和国建设部.建设工程项目管理规范.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006,19-20
[27] D.H.McNeil.Systems Approaches.A Report for the EOLSS,1996,2-8
[28] 陈雨孙,边际.系统工程与地下水系统.工程勘察.1994(1):26-29
[29] 罗周全,罗典平.矿山系统工程及应用.湖南有色金属,1994,10(5):262 -264
[30] 张亚莉,杨乃定.企业人力资源风险模糊综合评判法.管理工程学报.2002(1):18-20
[31] DENG Tiejun, QIU Yike. Theory of Reliability Analysis and Its Application in Construction Risk Management. Proceedings of 2003 International Conference on Construction & Real Estate Management. Beijing, P. R. China: China Architecture & Building Press,2003,44-48
[32] 日本科学技术厅.系统工程学的现状与展望.郑春瑞.北京:中国社会科学出版社,1983,1-56
[33] Michael E Porter.Michael Porter Value Chain Model Framework. http://www. valuebasedmanagement.net/methods_porter_value_chain.html
[34] 万威武,康军,马海峡.铁路运输系统综合评价与实证分析.西安交通大学学报,1994,28 (3):138 -143
[35] 冯珊.多目标综合评价的指标体系.系统工程与电子技术,1994,(6),17 -24
[36] 张灵莹.多层次统计指标评价体系的评价方法.深圳大学学报,1999,l6(1):39-44
[37] 鲁旭宏.建筑材料供应与管理实用手册.北京:中国环境科学出版社,1999
[38] Liu X L,Chen W F, M .D . Bowman. Construction Load Analysis for Concrete Structures.Journal of Structural Engineering. ASCE,1985,111(5):1019-1036
[39] (美)A.P.塞奇,C.C.怀特.最优系统控制.北京:水利电力出版社,1985,2-228
[40] 黄玉珩.系统可靠性实用计算方法.北京:科学出版社,1986,8-41
[41] 邓铁军.施工可靠性原理的建立及其应用. 湖南大学学报增刊(自然科学版), 2000,27(4):13-16
[42] 董玉革,陈心昭,赵显得等.基于模糊事件概率理论的模糊可靠性分析通用方法.计算力学学报,2005,22(3):281-285
[43] 何勇,鲍一丹.灰色马尔可夫预测模型及其应用.系统工程理论与实践,1992,(4):59-63
[44] 贾鲁平,许茂增,李顺勇,黄昌顿. ABC分析法在施工现场材料管理中的应用.重庆交通学院学报(社科版),2005,5(1):130-133
[45] 甘应爱,田丰,李维铮等. 运筹学.北京:清华大学出版社,2002,310-340
[46] 华兴.排队论与随机服务系统.上海:上海翻译出版社,1987,1-8
[47] 杭世杰.应用排队论解决大型工程项目砼集中供应问题:[工学硕士学位论文].广州:华南理工大学,2005,10-50
[48] 李诗珍,王长建.分类管理在配送中心的应用研究.物流技术,2003,(8):35-40
[49] 张美恋.资源分配问题的遗传算法.集美航海学院学报,1998,16 (2):29-32
[50] 古天龙.一类资源分配问题的DEDS模型.系统工程,1993,(7):12-16
[51] Ho Y C.Computing Costate Variable for Discrete-Event Systems.Proc.IEEE Conf.Decision and Control,1980:690-700
[52] G Cohel. A linar-system-Theoretic view of Discrete Event Processes and Its Use for Performance Evalution in Manufacturing.IEEE Tran on Automatic Control Vol Ac-30,1985,300-310