结合ZigBee和GPRS无线网络的LED路灯驱动及监控系统
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摘要
随着城市规模的不断扩大和经济的不断进步,作为城市基础建设之一的道路照明也得到了飞速的发展,不仅路灯的杆数逐年增加,而且路灯安装的范围也逐年扩大。道路照明,保障着千万人的夜间出行安全,是城市公共照明的重要组成部分,在发展中其也面临着如下的问题：一方面道路照明每年消耗大量的电能,其需要进行节能的改革；另一方面,随着其规模的扩大,路灯的管理和维护变得更加的困难和重要,如何进行有效的监控成为了一个必须解决的问题。
因此,本文着眼于LED这一新光源,由于其光效高,寿命长等优点,可用于替代现有的高压钠灯实现显著的节能。针对这个需求,本文首先研究了适合LED路灯照明的大功率驱动,使用可变开通时间的APFC技术和半桥谐振LLC技术设计了大功率恒压电路,并详细介绍了电路的工作原理、理论模型和设计方法。之后设计了LED的恒流电路,并针对使用的芯片提出了一种短路保护方案,并为控制留出调光接口。最后通过实验验证了所设计电源的功能性。
同时,为实现路灯的有效监控,本文分析并使用了基于ZigBee和GPRS的无线网络技术,提出了基于GPS定位的路灯监控技术。文中介绍ZigBee协议的结构和特点,在比较分析的基础上选择了解决方案；并简单介绍了GPRS技术、GPS定位原理和本文选用的模块。并在上述的基础上设计了以ZigBee模块为核心的路灯控制节点,连接路灯控制网络和监控计算机之间进行通讯互联的GPRS-ZigBee网关和可定位单杆路灯的GPS位置获取器。
最后,本文对整个系统的监控软件和算法进行了编写。其中根据ZigBee在LED路灯应用上的特殊性,对其协议栈底层驱动、组网等方面进行了修改和编程。并且通过对GPRS和ZigBee的结合,构建了可靠的区域化、网络化的两级式无线控制。在主控电脑的监控软件上,本文基于路灯GPS定位技术设计控制界面,可显示路灯当前位置和状态,基于日落日出算法和分时调光控制技术实现了LED路灯的准时开关和调光节能。
为验证上述系统的有效性,本文在某LED路灯试验段搭建了实验平台,进行了路灯监控的功能验证,通过实验,证明了本文设计系统的可行性。在本文设计和实验的过程中,同样发现了存在的某些问题和不足,并在本文的最后提出了改进的思路。
With the growth of economy, cities are expanding rapidly. Road lighting is an important part of the city's infrastructure, lights number and installed area are growing year by year. Road lighting, which is a part of public lighting system, ensures the safety of the driver and pedestrian on road at night. During its fast development, however, there are several critical problems needed to be solved:road lighting consumes a lot of electric energy every year, it needs some measure to reduce this cost; meanwhile, an effective method or system is needed to monitor the operation of such a large number of road lights, to guarantee their proper work.
Based on these considerations, this dissertation focuses on road lighting by the new light source-LED. Because LED has higher efficacy, longer life and other advantages, it is quite suitable in road lighting application. According to this assumption, firstly, this dissertation makes a research on the LED high power driver for LED road light. There are constant voltage part and constant current part in the driver. The constant voltage part uses the technology of LM-FOT APFC and LLC half-bridge resonant converter, the circuit's model analysis and design procedure are presented. Then the driver's constant current part is designed, a short-circuit protection scheme is proposed to the specified driver IC, a dimming interface is also designed to support lighting control. Experiment results prove the driver's proper function.
Meanwhile, in order to implement effective road lighting monitoring, this dissertation combines the wireless technology of ZigBee, GPRS and lamp positioning technology of GPS. The control principles are illustrated in details, then, solutions and modules are chosen based on the analysis and comparison. With these modules, a ZigBee road light control gear, ZigBee-GPRS gateway and GPS positioning device are designed.
Finally, the monitoring algorithm and software are proposed. To ensure ZigBee stack's proper work on road lighting control system, its hardware layer and network layer are modified and programmed. With the integration of GPRS and ZigBee technology, a stable two level wireless control network is built. The monitoring interface is built based on GPS positioning technology, so the light's position and status can be showed in real-time. The control algorithm is built with calculation of sun-rise & sun-set time and the time-dependent dimming strategy, so the LED light's on-off time and output dimming control can be precised executed.
This dissertation builds an experiment platform on a road which installed LED lights. An experiment is implemented to test the function of the whole monitoring system, the results shows that the proposed the integration of LED dimmable driver and wireless control system is feasible. During the design and experiment of this project, some problems are revealed, and further improvement is proposed at the ending of this dissertation.
因此,本文着眼于LED这一新光源,由于其光效高,寿命长等优点,可用于替代现有的高压钠灯实现显著的节能。针对这个需求,本文首先研究了适合LED路灯照明的大功率驱动,使用可变开通时间的APFC技术和半桥谐振LLC技术设计了大功率恒压电路,并详细介绍了电路的工作原理、理论模型和设计方法。之后设计了LED的恒流电路,并针对使用的芯片提出了一种短路保护方案,并为控制留出调光接口。最后通过实验验证了所设计电源的功能性。
同时,为实现路灯的有效监控,本文分析并使用了基于ZigBee和GPRS的无线网络技术,提出了基于GPS定位的路灯监控技术。文中介绍ZigBee协议的结构和特点,在比较分析的基础上选择了解决方案；并简单介绍了GPRS技术、GPS定位原理和本文选用的模块。并在上述的基础上设计了以ZigBee模块为核心的路灯控制节点,连接路灯控制网络和监控计算机之间进行通讯互联的GPRS-ZigBee网关和可定位单杆路灯的GPS位置获取器。
最后,本文对整个系统的监控软件和算法进行了编写。其中根据ZigBee在LED路灯应用上的特殊性,对其协议栈底层驱动、组网等方面进行了修改和编程。并且通过对GPRS和ZigBee的结合,构建了可靠的区域化、网络化的两级式无线控制。在主控电脑的监控软件上,本文基于路灯GPS定位技术设计控制界面,可显示路灯当前位置和状态,基于日落日出算法和分时调光控制技术实现了LED路灯的准时开关和调光节能。
为验证上述系统的有效性,本文在某LED路灯试验段搭建了实验平台,进行了路灯监控的功能验证,通过实验,证明了本文设计系统的可行性。在本文设计和实验的过程中,同样发现了存在的某些问题和不足,并在本文的最后提出了改进的思路。
With the growth of economy, cities are expanding rapidly. Road lighting is an important part of the city's infrastructure, lights number and installed area are growing year by year. Road lighting, which is a part of public lighting system, ensures the safety of the driver and pedestrian on road at night. During its fast development, however, there are several critical problems needed to be solved:road lighting consumes a lot of electric energy every year, it needs some measure to reduce this cost; meanwhile, an effective method or system is needed to monitor the operation of such a large number of road lights, to guarantee their proper work.
Based on these considerations, this dissertation focuses on road lighting by the new light source-LED. Because LED has higher efficacy, longer life and other advantages, it is quite suitable in road lighting application. According to this assumption, firstly, this dissertation makes a research on the LED high power driver for LED road light. There are constant voltage part and constant current part in the driver. The constant voltage part uses the technology of LM-FOT APFC and LLC half-bridge resonant converter, the circuit's model analysis and design procedure are presented. Then the driver's constant current part is designed, a short-circuit protection scheme is proposed to the specified driver IC, a dimming interface is also designed to support lighting control. Experiment results prove the driver's proper function.
Meanwhile, in order to implement effective road lighting monitoring, this dissertation combines the wireless technology of ZigBee, GPRS and lamp positioning technology of GPS. The control principles are illustrated in details, then, solutions and modules are chosen based on the analysis and comparison. With these modules, a ZigBee road light control gear, ZigBee-GPRS gateway and GPS positioning device are designed.
Finally, the monitoring algorithm and software are proposed. To ensure ZigBee stack's proper work on road lighting control system, its hardware layer and network layer are modified and programmed. With the integration of GPRS and ZigBee technology, a stable two level wireless control network is built. The monitoring interface is built based on GPS positioning technology, so the light's position and status can be showed in real-time. The control algorithm is built with calculation of sun-rise & sun-set time and the time-dependent dimming strategy, so the LED light's on-off time and output dimming control can be precised executed.
This dissertation builds an experiment platform on a road which installed LED lights. An experiment is implemented to test the function of the whole monitoring system, the results shows that the proposed the integration of LED dimmable driver and wireless control system is feasible. During the design and experiment of this project, some problems are revealed, and further improvement is proposed at the ending of this dissertation.
引文
[1]王声学等,LED原理及其照明应用[J].灯与照明,2006(4)：第32-35页.
[2]翟奋楼,LED路灯照明关键技术的研究[J],2009.第P1-P2页.
[3]丁文明,浅谈路灯无线监控系统.滁州职业技术学院学报[J],2005(3)：第67-68+73页.
[4]张钰唯,叶炜与许煜,照明控制技术的发展及应用现状[J].照明工程学报,2010(2)：第1-7页.
[5]SungKwan, C. and V. Dhingra. Street lighting control based on LonWorks power line communication[C]. in Power Line Communications and Its Applications, ISPLC 2008. IEEE International Symposium on.2008.
[6]喻小香与黄佩伟,基于Lonworks技术的智能路灯控制系统[J].计算机技术与发展,2007(2)：第99-102页.
[7]刘向晶与邱亚光,基于电力线载波的路灯监控系统[J].长春大学学报,2008(2)：第57-61页.
[8]Dingfang, L., et al. The design and realization of communication technology for street lamps control system[C]. in Computer Science & Education,2009. ICCSE '09.4th International Conference on.2009.
[9]刘晓胜等,城市路灯监控系统的分布式体系结构设计[J].电力电子技术,2007(10)：第18-21页.
[10]顾海宁,南京市路灯无线监控系统的升级和扩展[J].电脑知识与技术(学术交流),2007(6)：第1712-1713页.
[11]Caponetto, R., et al. Power consumption reduction in a remote controlled street lighting system. in Power Electronics[C], Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion,2008. SPEEDAM 2008. International Symposium on.2008.
[12]王成福与唐晓强,基于GPRS的路灯监控系统的设计与实现[J].电力系统通信,2008(8)：第18-21页.
[13]冯志芬与盛青松,基于GPRS路灯无线监控系统的实现[J].大众科技,2006(8)：第53-54页.
[14]时伟,基于GSM短信息通信方式的路灯无线监控系统[J].安徽电子信息职业技术学院学报,2006(2)：第85-86页.
[15]王东东与郭文成,基于ZigBee技术的路灯无线网络控制系统设计[J].天津工业大学学报,2009(1)：第84-88页.
[16]叶睿,基于Zigbee技术的路灯无线控制[J].科技信息(科学教研),2008(2)： 第41+60页.
[17]浦敏,李云飞与王宜怀,基于物联网的无线照明控制系统[J].照明工程学报,2010(2)：第86-89页.
[18]Wu, K. and X. Wang. The Integration of GIS and Real-Time Monitoring System for Power Grid. in Electrical and Control Engineering (ICECE)[C],2010 International Conference on.2010.
[19]吴贞东与陈麟,基于GPRS和GIS的路灯监控系统[J].微计算机信息,2007(28)：第182-183+251页.
[20]张志明等,节能道路照明系统的无线智能控制设计[J].照明工程学报,2010(2)：第60-65页.
[21]张祥东等,HB-LED驱动方法综述(上)[J].中国照明电器,2009(12)：第17-19页.
[22]XLampXP-G.pdf[EB/OL], http://www.cree.com.
[23]杨恒,LED照明驱动电路设计与实例精选,[M]2007,中国电力出版社.第35-56页.
[24]L6563.pdf[EB/OL], http://www.st.com.
[25]C, A., Fix-Off Time Control of PFC pregulators.10th European Conference on Power Electronics and Application[C],EPE2003,Toulouse,France,paper 382
[26]Dixon, L.H., Filter Inductor and Flyback Transformer Design for Switching Power Supplies[C]. UNITRODE Power Supply Design Seminar Manual,1994.
[27]DESIGN OF FIXED-OFF-TIME-CONTROLLED PFC PRE-REGULATORS WITH THE L6562.pdf[EB/OL],http://www.st.com.
[28]An introduction to LLC resonant half-bridge converter.pdf[EB/OL], http://www.st.com.
[29]Bo, Y., et al. LLC resonant converter for front end DC/DC conversion[C]. in Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition,2002. APEC 2002. Seventeenth Annual IEEE.2002.
[30]陈鸣等,LLC谐振变换器的原理与设计[J].实验科学与技术,2006(5)：第7-10页.
[31]李新平，半桥型LLC谐振变换器的分析与设计[J].湘潭师范学院学报(自然科学版),2008(1)：第62-64页.
[32]Jee-hoon, J. and K. Joong-gi. Theoretical analysis and optimal design of LLC resonant converter[C]. in Power Electronics and Applications,2007 European Conference on.2007.
[33]LLC resonant half-bridge converter design guideline. pdf[EB/OL], http://www.st.com.
[34]Bo, Y., C. Rengang and F.C. Lee. Integrated magnetic for LLC resonant converter[C]. in Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition,2002. APEC 2002. Seventeenth Annual IEEE.2002.
[35]王全保,电子变压器手册[M],辽宁科学技术出版社.第391-393页.
[36]HV9910B.pdf[EB/OL], http://www.supertex.com.
[37]高守玮吴灿阳,ZigBee技术实践教程[M],2009,北京航空航天大学出版社.
[38]CC2430.pdf[EB/OL], http://www.ti.com.
[39]闫锋涛与苗强,GPRS技术在路灯控制系统终端控制中的应用[J].工程建设与设计,2008(12)：第62-64页.
[40]ZWG-21A使用手册[EB/OL], http://www.embedcontrol.com.
[41]RGM3550.pdf[EB/OL]/http://www.royaltek.com.
[42]DTU配置函数库使用手册1.4.pdf[EB/OL], http://www.embedcontrol.com.
[43]景春国,舒冬梅与顾德英,城市路灯监控系统中日出日落时间算法的实现[J].现代计算机(专业版),2003(5)：第84-86页.
[2]翟奋楼,LED路灯照明关键技术的研究[J],2009.第P1-P2页.
[3]丁文明,浅谈路灯无线监控系统.滁州职业技术学院学报[J],2005(3)：第67-68+73页.
[4]张钰唯,叶炜与许煜,照明控制技术的发展及应用现状[J].照明工程学报,2010(2)：第1-7页.
[5]SungKwan, C. and V. Dhingra. Street lighting control based on LonWorks power line communication[C]. in Power Line Communications and Its Applications, ISPLC 2008. IEEE International Symposium on.2008.
[6]喻小香与黄佩伟,基于Lonworks技术的智能路灯控制系统[J].计算机技术与发展,2007(2)：第99-102页.
[7]刘向晶与邱亚光,基于电力线载波的路灯监控系统[J].长春大学学报,2008(2)：第57-61页.
[8]Dingfang, L., et al. The design and realization of communication technology for street lamps control system[C]. in Computer Science & Education,2009. ICCSE '09.4th International Conference on.2009.
[9]刘晓胜等,城市路灯监控系统的分布式体系结构设计[J].电力电子技术,2007(10)：第18-21页.
[10]顾海宁,南京市路灯无线监控系统的升级和扩展[J].电脑知识与技术(学术交流),2007(6)：第1712-1713页.
[11]Caponetto, R., et al. Power consumption reduction in a remote controlled street lighting system. in Power Electronics[C], Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion,2008. SPEEDAM 2008. International Symposium on.2008.
[12]王成福与唐晓强,基于GPRS的路灯监控系统的设计与实现[J].电力系统通信,2008(8)：第18-21页.
[13]冯志芬与盛青松,基于GPRS路灯无线监控系统的实现[J].大众科技,2006(8)：第53-54页.
[14]时伟,基于GSM短信息通信方式的路灯无线监控系统[J].安徽电子信息职业技术学院学报,2006(2)：第85-86页.
[15]王东东与郭文成,基于ZigBee技术的路灯无线网络控制系统设计[J].天津工业大学学报,2009(1)：第84-88页.
[16]叶睿,基于Zigbee技术的路灯无线控制[J].科技信息(科学教研),2008(2)： 第41+60页.
[17]浦敏,李云飞与王宜怀,基于物联网的无线照明控制系统[J].照明工程学报,2010(2)：第86-89页.
[18]Wu, K. and X. Wang. The Integration of GIS and Real-Time Monitoring System for Power Grid. in Electrical and Control Engineering (ICECE)[C],2010 International Conference on.2010.
[19]吴贞东与陈麟,基于GPRS和GIS的路灯监控系统[J].微计算机信息,2007(28)：第182-183+251页.
[20]张志明等,节能道路照明系统的无线智能控制设计[J].照明工程学报,2010(2)：第60-65页.
[21]张祥东等,HB-LED驱动方法综述(上)[J].中国照明电器,2009(12)：第17-19页.
[22]XLampXP-G.pdf[EB/OL], http://www.cree.com.
[23]杨恒,LED照明驱动电路设计与实例精选,[M]2007,中国电力出版社.第35-56页.
[24]L6563.pdf[EB/OL], http://www.st.com.
[25]C, A., Fix-Off Time Control of PFC pregulators.10th European Conference on Power Electronics and Application[C],EPE2003,Toulouse,France,paper 382
[26]Dixon, L.H., Filter Inductor and Flyback Transformer Design for Switching Power Supplies[C]. UNITRODE Power Supply Design Seminar Manual,1994.
[27]DESIGN OF FIXED-OFF-TIME-CONTROLLED PFC PRE-REGULATORS WITH THE L6562.pdf[EB/OL],http://www.st.com.
[28]An introduction to LLC resonant half-bridge converter.pdf[EB/OL], http://www.st.com.
[29]Bo, Y., et al. LLC resonant converter for front end DC/DC conversion[C]. in Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition,2002. APEC 2002. Seventeenth Annual IEEE.2002.
[30]陈鸣等,LLC谐振变换器的原理与设计[J].实验科学与技术,2006(5)：第7-10页.
[31]李新平，半桥型LLC谐振变换器的分析与设计[J].湘潭师范学院学报(自然科学版),2008(1)：第62-64页.
[32]Jee-hoon, J. and K. Joong-gi. Theoretical analysis and optimal design of LLC resonant converter[C]. in Power Electronics and Applications,2007 European Conference on.2007.
[33]LLC resonant half-bridge converter design guideline. pdf[EB/OL], http://www.st.com.
[34]Bo, Y., C. Rengang and F.C. Lee. Integrated magnetic for LLC resonant converter[C]. in Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition,2002. APEC 2002. Seventeenth Annual IEEE.2002.
[35]王全保,电子变压器手册[M],辽宁科学技术出版社.第391-393页.
[36]HV9910B.pdf[EB/OL], http://www.supertex.com.
[37]高守玮吴灿阳,ZigBee技术实践教程[M],2009,北京航空航天大学出版社.
[38]CC2430.pdf[EB/OL], http://www.ti.com.
[39]闫锋涛与苗强,GPRS技术在路灯控制系统终端控制中的应用[J].工程建设与设计,2008(12)：第62-64页.
[40]ZWG-21A使用手册[EB/OL], http://www.embedcontrol.com.
[41]RGM3550.pdf[EB/OL]/http://www.royaltek.com.
[42]DTU配置函数库使用手册1.4.pdf[EB/OL], http://www.embedcontrol.com.
[43]景春国,舒冬梅与顾德英,城市路灯监控系统中日出日落时间算法的实现[J].现代计算机(专业版),2003(5)：第84-86页.