IP网络的QOS测量和QOE测量
摘要
随着Internet技术和网络业务的快速发展,网络的规模和复杂性不断增加,新型的网络应用不断涌现,例如VoIP,VOD、网络视频会议等,而这些新型的网络应用的一个共同的需求就是对网络提出质量要求。服务提供商(Internet ServiceProvider)和网络用户都想了解自己提供或正在使用的网络的性能,他们希望得到准确的数字指标来保证网络的性能。如何得到准确、可靠的测量数据以及如何在这些测量数据基础上,对网络的运行状态做一个恰当的评估,从而发现问题,进而提高网络的性能,这是亟待解决的问题。IP网络QoS/QoE测量通过测量获取网络的性能参数,并据此确定网络的问题所在,进一步解决问题使性能得到优化,从而达到人们对网络性能的要求。
本文主要是对IP网络的QoS/QoE测量进行了研究。首先,对IP网络的QoS/QoE测量的发展背景和目前网络存在的一些问题以及如何解决这些问题进行了分析;然后详细而系统地讲解了现有的IP网络QoS/QoE测量的参数体系和测量方法。接下来对IP QoS测量中的若干关键技术进行了研究,对IP QoS的重要测量参数如网络时延、丢包率、带宽的测量作了侧重的讲解,并提出了对这些参数测量结果的分析模型。
另外,本文的课题是面向性能管理过程中的突出问题,在三大基本网络性能指标(时延、丢包率和带宽)的基础上,探索和研究了能够直接表达网络运行QoS的指标体系。为了尽量准确表达网络运行的健康程度,本文提出了一种新的指标体系,这种指标体系有别与传统的若干平行指标,是一种层次化的立体结构,包括从网络层面到应用层面的不同指标。并针对所提出的指标体系,提出相应的被动测量方法,通过监听和分析骨干网络关键路径中的流量,来分析IP网络各种端到端会话的分组序列、传输质量,从而进一步得出IP子网与子网之间的各项QoS指标。与现有测量方式相比,本文提出的方法能够更加准确快速地对IP网络的QoS/QoE质量进行测量。
With the rapid development of the Internet technologies and the IP network applications, the scale and the complexity of IP network expands continuously, and new network applications appear continuously such as VOIP, VOD, network video conference and so on, in consequently these new applications all need a higher qualification of service. Internet Service Provider (ISP) and the very important client of network want to know the performance of the supported network by them or network in use, and they hope to get the exact data to guarantee the performance of network. So how to get exact and reliable testing data and how to make a right evaluation for the whole network's running status based on the large number probing data, and then find the question, thereby improve the performance of the network, this is a question desiderate to be solved. The IP network QoS/QoE measurement can get the performance parameter of the given network in use according to the measurement of network, and then find out the problems of the network, and optimize the performance of the given network accordingly to achieve the demand of network users.
This paper mainly has studied the IP network QoS / QoE measurements. First, it has analyzed the the background of development and some current problems about IP network QoS / QoE measurements and how to solve these problems, and then it expounded systematically the existing IP network QoS/QoE measurement system and stucture of the parameters of measurement. Second, it has researched various key technologies of IP network QoS/QoE measurements. It focused on the some important IP QoS measurement parameters such as network delay, packet loss, bandwidth, and made the analysis model of these parameters on the network measurements.
In addition, the subject in this paper with the outstanding problems in the network management process is explored and researched the QoS indicators that could directly express network operating system on the basis of three network performance indicators (network delay, packet loss and bandwidth). As accurately as possible to express the healthy operation of the network level, this paper presents a new network performance indicators system that has a number of different network performance indicators from the traditional indicators, and this indicator system is a level of three-dimensional structure, including various indicators from the network level to the network application level. And on the proposed network performance indicator system, it proposed the passive measurement method that through the backbone network monitoring and analysis of the critical path of traffic, to analyze the packet sequence and transmission quality of the IP network end-to-end conversation and conclude the QoS indicators among the sub-networks. Compared with the existing measurement methods, the method proposed in this paper can be more quickly and accurately on the IP network QoS / QoE measurement.
本文主要是对IP网络的QoS/QoE测量进行了研究。首先,对IP网络的QoS/QoE测量的发展背景和目前网络存在的一些问题以及如何解决这些问题进行了分析;然后详细而系统地讲解了现有的IP网络QoS/QoE测量的参数体系和测量方法。接下来对IP QoS测量中的若干关键技术进行了研究,对IP QoS的重要测量参数如网络时延、丢包率、带宽的测量作了侧重的讲解,并提出了对这些参数测量结果的分析模型。
另外,本文的课题是面向性能管理过程中的突出问题,在三大基本网络性能指标(时延、丢包率和带宽)的基础上,探索和研究了能够直接表达网络运行QoS的指标体系。为了尽量准确表达网络运行的健康程度,本文提出了一种新的指标体系,这种指标体系有别与传统的若干平行指标,是一种层次化的立体结构,包括从网络层面到应用层面的不同指标。并针对所提出的指标体系,提出相应的被动测量方法,通过监听和分析骨干网络关键路径中的流量,来分析IP网络各种端到端会话的分组序列、传输质量,从而进一步得出IP子网与子网之间的各项QoS指标。与现有测量方式相比,本文提出的方法能够更加准确快速地对IP网络的QoS/QoE质量进行测量。
With the rapid development of the Internet technologies and the IP network applications, the scale and the complexity of IP network expands continuously, and new network applications appear continuously such as VOIP, VOD, network video conference and so on, in consequently these new applications all need a higher qualification of service. Internet Service Provider (ISP) and the very important client of network want to know the performance of the supported network by them or network in use, and they hope to get the exact data to guarantee the performance of network. So how to get exact and reliable testing data and how to make a right evaluation for the whole network's running status based on the large number probing data, and then find the question, thereby improve the performance of the network, this is a question desiderate to be solved. The IP network QoS/QoE measurement can get the performance parameter of the given network in use according to the measurement of network, and then find out the problems of the network, and optimize the performance of the given network accordingly to achieve the demand of network users.
This paper mainly has studied the IP network QoS / QoE measurements. First, it has analyzed the the background of development and some current problems about IP network QoS / QoE measurements and how to solve these problems, and then it expounded systematically the existing IP network QoS/QoE measurement system and stucture of the parameters of measurement. Second, it has researched various key technologies of IP network QoS/QoE measurements. It focused on the some important IP QoS measurement parameters such as network delay, packet loss, bandwidth, and made the analysis model of these parameters on the network measurements.
In addition, the subject in this paper with the outstanding problems in the network management process is explored and researched the QoS indicators that could directly express network operating system on the basis of three network performance indicators (network delay, packet loss and bandwidth). As accurately as possible to express the healthy operation of the network level, this paper presents a new network performance indicators system that has a number of different network performance indicators from the traditional indicators, and this indicator system is a level of three-dimensional structure, including various indicators from the network level to the network application level. And on the proposed network performance indicator system, it proposed the passive measurement method that through the backbone network monitoring and analysis of the critical path of traffic, to analyze the packet sequence and transmission quality of the IP network end-to-end conversation and conclude the QoS indicators among the sub-networks. Compared with the existing measurement methods, the method proposed in this paper can be more quickly and accurately on the IP network QoS / QoE measurement.
引文
[1]Zheng Wang.Internet QoS,Architecture and Mechanism for Quality of Service.Morgan Kaufman Publishers,340,PineStreet,San Francisco,CA 94104-3205,USA,2001.
[2]B.Davie,A.Charny,J.C.R.Bennett,K.Benson,J.Y.LeBoudec,W.Courtney,S.Davari,V.Firoiu,D.Stiliadis.AnExpedited Forwarding PHB(Per-Hop Behavior).IETF RFC3246,March 2002.
[3]Afrodite Sevasti.SLA Definition for the Provision of an Efbased Service.16~(th) International Workshop on Communications Quality & Reliability,CQR 2002,Okinawa,Japan,May 2002.
[4]Joel CoiTal,Genaldine Texier,Laurent Toutain.End-to-End active measurement architecture in IP Networks(SATURNE).2002.
[5]ITU-T P.862.Perceptual evaluation of speech of speech quality(PESQ),an objiective method for end-to-end speech quality assessment of narrowband telephone networks and speech codes.2002.
[6]ITU-T G.107.the E-Model,a computational model for use in transmission planning.2000.
[7]白成林.Qos研究的理论框架以及研究的现状(2).计算机工程与应用,2003;9:79-81.
[8]张昕,曾兴雯,步衍冰.IP服务质量综合服务体系综述.电子科技,2002.14:123-125.
[9]S Vanden Boschetal.NSLP for Quality-of-Service signaling.IETF,draft-ietf-nsis-qos-nslp-04.txt,July 2004.
[10]ITU-T Study Group 13.An Architectural Framework for Support of Quality of Service(QoS) in Packet Networks.ITU-T Draft Recommendation Y.qosar Rev.3,February 2004.
[11]Quality of Service Internet2 Working Group.http://www.internet2.edu/Qos
[12]Ele Fancheuretal.Muti-Protocol Label Switching(MPLS) Support of Differentiated Services.IETF,RFC 3270,May 2002.
[13]IETF RFC2330.Framework for IP Performance Metrics.
[14]林辉,曹阳.IP网络性能实时测量技术的研究.武汉大学,2005.5.
[15]陈福,刘冬梅.VoIP的QoS研究.中国数据通信,2001.11.
[16]刘正蓝,朱淼良,姜明,吴天福.QoS协议及体系结构研究综述.2003年5月第3期第37卷,浙江大学学报.
[17]李振武,王志恒,白英彩.《路由器QoS模块研究》,小型微型计算机系统,2003年9月第9期:64-66.
[18]周金星,孙建河,吉逸.端到端QoS的实现研究.数据通信,2002年3期:106-109.
[19]程时瑞.IP QoS技术的现状与发展趋势.中兴通讯技术,2003年4期:95-97.
[20]王存利,吴捷.服务质量测量技术及其应用.中兴通讯技术,2003年4期:98-99.
[21]姜明.下一代互联网关键技术IP QoS.http://tech.ccidnet.com/pub/article.
[22]陆慧梅,向勇,史美林.Internet QoS研究.小型微型计算机系统,2002年.
[23]蒋序平,陈鸣.网络测量系统中亟代解决的若干问题.电信科学,2003年8期:57-60.
[24]蔡茂国,杨淑雯.基于区分服务的IP,QoS实现技术.计算机工程与应用,2001.18.
[25]C Chassot,F Garcia,G Auriol,A Lozes.Performance Analysis for an IP Differentiated Services Network.IEEE 2002.
[26]Sheng-Tzong Cheng,Ing-ray Chen.A self-adjusting quality of service control scheme Information Processing Letters.2002.
[27]林闯,单志广,任丰原.计算机网络的服务质量(QoS)清华大学出版社,2004年4月.
[28]张薇.VoIP业务质量评测[J].电信技术网,2006年6月第6期:59-63.
[29]L.Sun.Speech quality prediction for voice over internet protocol networks[D].Ph.D thesis,University of Plymouth,2004.
[30]International Telecommunicaion Union.The E-model,A Computational Model for Use in Transmission Planning.ITU-T Recommendation G.107[S],July 2000.
[31]史轶,林守勋.基于RTP协议和MPEG-4可扩展编码的非均匀QoS控制机制.计算机科学,2002年No.12.
[32]詹翊春,吉萌.面向QoE的城域多业务分组承载平台.http://comm.ccidnet.com/art/1522/20060614/5798771.2006.06.14.
[33]IPTV,QoS,QoE 一个不能少.http://www.cnii.com.cn/20070108/ca402290.2007-03-02
[34]M Siller,JC Woods.QoS arbitration for improving the QoE in multimedia transmission.The Institution of Electrical Engineers,2003
[35]Andrew Perkis,Solveig Munkeby,Odd Inge Hillestad.A model for measuring Quality of Experience.IEEE.2006,198-201.
[36]Ramesh Jai.Quality of Experience.IEEE multimedia-Media vision,January-March,2004,96-97.
[37]LIU Li-yuan,ZHOU Wen-an,SONG Jun-de.The Research of Quality of Experience Evaluation Method in Pervasive Computing Environment.2006 1st International Symposium on Pervasive Computing and Applications,178-282.
[38]ITU-T P.800.Mean Opinion Score(MOS) terminology.Mar 2003.
[39]ITU-T G.107.The B-model,a computational model for use in transmission planning.Mar 2005.
[40]ITU-T.End-user multimedia QoS categories.Recommendation G.1010,2001.
[2]B.Davie,A.Charny,J.C.R.Bennett,K.Benson,J.Y.LeBoudec,W.Courtney,S.Davari,V.Firoiu,D.Stiliadis.AnExpedited Forwarding PHB(Per-Hop Behavior).IETF RFC3246,March 2002.
[3]Afrodite Sevasti.SLA Definition for the Provision of an Efbased Service.16~(th) International Workshop on Communications Quality & Reliability,CQR 2002,Okinawa,Japan,May 2002.
[4]Joel CoiTal,Genaldine Texier,Laurent Toutain.End-to-End active measurement architecture in IP Networks(SATURNE).2002.
[5]ITU-T P.862.Perceptual evaluation of speech of speech quality(PESQ),an objiective method for end-to-end speech quality assessment of narrowband telephone networks and speech codes.2002.
[6]ITU-T G.107.the E-Model,a computational model for use in transmission planning.2000.
[7]白成林.Qos研究的理论框架以及研究的现状(2).计算机工程与应用,2003;9:79-81.
[8]张昕,曾兴雯,步衍冰.IP服务质量综合服务体系综述.电子科技,2002.14:123-125.
[9]S Vanden Boschetal.NSLP for Quality-of-Service signaling.IETF,draft-ietf-nsis-qos-nslp-04.txt,July 2004.
[10]ITU-T Study Group 13.An Architectural Framework for Support of Quality of Service(QoS) in Packet Networks.ITU-T Draft Recommendation Y.qosar Rev.3,February 2004.
[11]Quality of Service Internet2 Working Group.http://www.internet2.edu/Qos
[12]Ele Fancheuretal.Muti-Protocol Label Switching(MPLS) Support of Differentiated Services.IETF,RFC 3270,May 2002.
[13]IETF RFC2330.Framework for IP Performance Metrics.
[14]林辉,曹阳.IP网络性能实时测量技术的研究.武汉大学,2005.5.
[15]陈福,刘冬梅.VoIP的QoS研究.中国数据通信,2001.11.
[16]刘正蓝,朱淼良,姜明,吴天福.QoS协议及体系结构研究综述.2003年5月第3期第37卷,浙江大学学报.
[17]李振武,王志恒,白英彩.《路由器QoS模块研究》,小型微型计算机系统,2003年9月第9期:64-66.
[18]周金星,孙建河,吉逸.端到端QoS的实现研究.数据通信,2002年3期:106-109.
[19]程时瑞.IP QoS技术的现状与发展趋势.中兴通讯技术,2003年4期:95-97.
[20]王存利,吴捷.服务质量测量技术及其应用.中兴通讯技术,2003年4期:98-99.
[21]姜明.下一代互联网关键技术IP QoS.http://tech.ccidnet.com/pub/article.
[22]陆慧梅,向勇,史美林.Internet QoS研究.小型微型计算机系统,2002年.
[23]蒋序平,陈鸣.网络测量系统中亟代解决的若干问题.电信科学,2003年8期:57-60.
[24]蔡茂国,杨淑雯.基于区分服务的IP,QoS实现技术.计算机工程与应用,2001.18.
[25]C Chassot,F Garcia,G Auriol,A Lozes.Performance Analysis for an IP Differentiated Services Network.IEEE 2002.
[26]Sheng-Tzong Cheng,Ing-ray Chen.A self-adjusting quality of service control scheme Information Processing Letters.2002.
[27]林闯,单志广,任丰原.计算机网络的服务质量(QoS)清华大学出版社,2004年4月.
[28]张薇.VoIP业务质量评测[J].电信技术网,2006年6月第6期:59-63.
[29]L.Sun.Speech quality prediction for voice over internet protocol networks[D].Ph.D thesis,University of Plymouth,2004.
[30]International Telecommunicaion Union.The E-model,A Computational Model for Use in Transmission Planning.ITU-T Recommendation G.107[S],July 2000.
[31]史轶,林守勋.基于RTP协议和MPEG-4可扩展编码的非均匀QoS控制机制.计算机科学,2002年No.12.
[32]詹翊春,吉萌.面向QoE的城域多业务分组承载平台.http://comm.ccidnet.com/art/1522/20060614/5798771.2006.06.14.
[33]IPTV,QoS,QoE 一个不能少.http://www.cnii.com.cn/20070108/ca402290.2007-03-02
[34]M Siller,JC Woods.QoS arbitration for improving the QoE in multimedia transmission.The Institution of Electrical Engineers,2003
[35]Andrew Perkis,Solveig Munkeby,Odd Inge Hillestad.A model for measuring Quality of Experience.IEEE.2006,198-201.
[36]Ramesh Jai.Quality of Experience.IEEE multimedia-Media vision,January-March,2004,96-97.
[37]LIU Li-yuan,ZHOU Wen-an,SONG Jun-de.The Research of Quality of Experience Evaluation Method in Pervasive Computing Environment.2006 1st International Symposium on Pervasive Computing and Applications,178-282.
[38]ITU-T P.800.Mean Opinion Score(MOS) terminology.Mar 2003.
[39]ITU-T G.107.The B-model,a computational model for use in transmission planning.Mar 2005.
[40]ITU-T.End-user multimedia QoS categories.Recommendation G.1010,2001.