多孔混凝土透水基层材料设计研究
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摘要
进入路面结构内的自由水会导致道路严重的水损害,多孔混凝土透水基层能迅速的将滞留在路面结构内部的水排出。多孔混凝土透水基层在我国得到了大量的研究,研究工作大多集中在多孔混凝土的工程应用和排水设计方面,对多孔混凝土透水基层的材料设计仍没有形成一定的理论体系。本文利用材料科学的基本原理对多孔混凝土透水基层的材料组成、结构和性能进行了研究并提出了一种适宜于多孔混凝土路面基层的基于体积分析的配合比设计方法。
根据多孔混凝土透水基层材料的结构特点提出了多孔混凝土的接触点结构模型,相互嵌锁的粗集料构成了材料的强度骨架,浆体在集料的接触点处胶结而形成整体,因此多孔混凝土的强度与接触点数量、接触点面积以及接触点的强度有关。并在此结构模型的指导下进行材料组成设计:通过最大粒径、粗集料组成和细集料用量的优化并参照Weymouth原理的计算结果,提出了多孔混凝土的最优级配范围;通过水泥品种的选择,矿物掺合料的加入和引入增稠剂达到增强浆体强度、增加接触点面积、诱导浆体在接触点处的富集以增强集料浆体界面的作用,对浆体组成和结构进行最优设计。
本文研究了多孔混凝土的透水性能,利用自制的渗透仪测试渗透系数,并回归了渗透系数、全空隙率和有效空隙率之间的相关关系。并与传统的半刚性和刚性基层作为对比,对多孔混凝土的强度和应力—应变、干燥收缩等性质进行了研究。研究表明本文研制的多孔混凝土每方减少水泥用量30～50kg,总胶凝材料用量仅为150kg/m~3,在保湿养护的条件下7d强度可达7～8MPa,28d强度接近10 MPa,透水性能良好,渗透系数在1.8～3.2cm/s之间,且干缩系数大幅度降低。
参考国内外相关研究,并结合多孔混凝土的有关特性,提出了多孔混凝土的设计指标和标准,并提出了一种适应于多孔混凝土透水基层材料的配合比设计方法,包括级配设计、水泥用量计算方法和用水量的经验公式。
Serious water damage is brought about by the free seeping water,the porous concrete drainage road base can induce seeping water away from the pavement structure efficiently.Many works on the porous concrete drainage road base have been carried in our country,but most of them focus on the project application of it and the drainage structure design,the mix design of the porous concrete drainage road base material has not formed a theoretical system.The materials composition, structure and property of the porous concrete drainage road base are studied with material approach,and a kind of mix design method fitting for the porous concrete drainage road base is put forward,based on volumetric analysis.
A new kind of contacting point model is set up according to the structural characteristics of the porous concrete drainage road base material:a framework is formed by the interlocking of the coarse aggregates,so a bulk is formed,and the strength of porous concrete is related to the contacting point strength,area and number.The mix design is carried according to the contacting point model:An optimum limit of the aggregate gradation for the porous concrete drainage road base material is recommended,according to the optimization of maximum size of coarse aggregate,the proportion of fine aggregate,the gradation of aggregate and calculation of Weymouth theory;the optimize design of composition and structure of paste is processed,by choosing cement variety,adding mineral admixtures and thickening agent to improve paste strength,contacting area and promote paste enrichment at the contacting position for enhancing ITZ.
In this paper,the permeability of porous concrete is studied,permeability coefficient is tested with the apparatus developed by the author,and correlativity among permeability coefficient,whole porosity and effective porosity are studied. The strength,stress-strain and dry shrinkage of porous concrete are investigated. Result indicated that:the porous concrete drainage road base researched in this paper decreases the cement content by 30～50kg/m~3,the whole content of cementing material is only 150 kg/m~3,7d compressive strength can reach 7～8MPa and 28d's approach to 10MPa while the porous concrete cured in the condition of 100% humidity.Its permeability coefficient is between 1.8～3.2cm/s,so the road base made with porous concrete gains a good drainage property,and the dry shrinkage ratio is declined markedly.
According to the relative research on the literatures and the experimental research in the paper,the design index and standard of the porous concrete are put forward.In this paper,the mix design method for the porous concrete drainage road base is brought forward,the gradation design,the computational method of cement content and the experiential formula of water content are all included.
根据多孔混凝土透水基层材料的结构特点提出了多孔混凝土的接触点结构模型,相互嵌锁的粗集料构成了材料的强度骨架,浆体在集料的接触点处胶结而形成整体,因此多孔混凝土的强度与接触点数量、接触点面积以及接触点的强度有关。并在此结构模型的指导下进行材料组成设计:通过最大粒径、粗集料组成和细集料用量的优化并参照Weymouth原理的计算结果,提出了多孔混凝土的最优级配范围;通过水泥品种的选择,矿物掺合料的加入和引入增稠剂达到增强浆体强度、增加接触点面积、诱导浆体在接触点处的富集以增强集料浆体界面的作用,对浆体组成和结构进行最优设计。
本文研究了多孔混凝土的透水性能,利用自制的渗透仪测试渗透系数,并回归了渗透系数、全空隙率和有效空隙率之间的相关关系。并与传统的半刚性和刚性基层作为对比,对多孔混凝土的强度和应力—应变、干燥收缩等性质进行了研究。研究表明本文研制的多孔混凝土每方减少水泥用量30～50kg,总胶凝材料用量仅为150kg/m~3,在保湿养护的条件下7d强度可达7～8MPa,28d强度接近10 MPa,透水性能良好,渗透系数在1.8～3.2cm/s之间,且干缩系数大幅度降低。
参考国内外相关研究,并结合多孔混凝土的有关特性,提出了多孔混凝土的设计指标和标准,并提出了一种适应于多孔混凝土透水基层材料的配合比设计方法,包括级配设计、水泥用量计算方法和用水量的经验公式。
Serious water damage is brought about by the free seeping water,the porous concrete drainage road base can induce seeping water away from the pavement structure efficiently.Many works on the porous concrete drainage road base have been carried in our country,but most of them focus on the project application of it and the drainage structure design,the mix design of the porous concrete drainage road base material has not formed a theoretical system.The materials composition, structure and property of the porous concrete drainage road base are studied with material approach,and a kind of mix design method fitting for the porous concrete drainage road base is put forward,based on volumetric analysis.
A new kind of contacting point model is set up according to the structural characteristics of the porous concrete drainage road base material:a framework is formed by the interlocking of the coarse aggregates,so a bulk is formed,and the strength of porous concrete is related to the contacting point strength,area and number.The mix design is carried according to the contacting point model:An optimum limit of the aggregate gradation for the porous concrete drainage road base material is recommended,according to the optimization of maximum size of coarse aggregate,the proportion of fine aggregate,the gradation of aggregate and calculation of Weymouth theory;the optimize design of composition and structure of paste is processed,by choosing cement variety,adding mineral admixtures and thickening agent to improve paste strength,contacting area and promote paste enrichment at the contacting position for enhancing ITZ.
In this paper,the permeability of porous concrete is studied,permeability coefficient is tested with the apparatus developed by the author,and correlativity among permeability coefficient,whole porosity and effective porosity are studied. The strength,stress-strain and dry shrinkage of porous concrete are investigated. Result indicated that:the porous concrete drainage road base researched in this paper decreases the cement content by 30～50kg/m~3,the whole content of cementing material is only 150 kg/m~3,7d compressive strength can reach 7～8MPa and 28d's approach to 10MPa while the porous concrete cured in the condition of 100% humidity.Its permeability coefficient is between 1.8～3.2cm/s,so the road base made with porous concrete gains a good drainage property,and the dry shrinkage ratio is declined markedly.
According to the relative research on the literatures and the experimental research in the paper,the design index and standard of the porous concrete are put forward.In this paper,the mix design method for the porous concrete drainage road base is brought forward,the gradation design,the computational method of cement content and the experiential formula of water content are all included.
引文
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[6]沙庆林.高速公路沥青路面的水破坏及其防治措施(上)[J].国外公路.2000,20(3):1-4.
[7]The Asphalt Institute.Drainage of asphalt pavement structures(MS-15).Lexington,KY:The Asphalt Institute,1996.
[8]Elmer C.Hansen,Roy Johannesen.Field effects of water pumping beneath concrete pavement slabs.Journal of Transportation Engineering[J].1997,117(6):679-697.
[9]吴昌兴.路面结构排水试验研究[D].上海同济大学硕士论文.1997.
[10]郑木莲.多孔混凝上排水基层研究.[D].长安大学博士论文.2004.
[11]高速公路丛书编委会.高速公路路面设计与施工[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001.
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[13]叶斌.水泥混凝土路面唧泥损坏分析[J].华东公路.2001,2:47-48.
[14]广西交通科学研究所.高等级公路水泥混凝土路面贫混凝土基层及排水系统的应用研究[R].1999.
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[16]AASHTO.Guide for Design of Pavement Structure.1995.
[17]Villiam P Grogan.U.S.A Army Corps of Engineers Design Construction and Performance Experience with Pavement Drainage.International symposium on Sub drainage in Roadway Pavements and Subgrades.Granada,Spain,1998:367-374.
[18]姚祖康,沈惠生,陈诗信等.路面结构的内部排水设施[J].公路.1997(5):17-23.
[19]吉青克.路面内部排水系统设计.[D].同济大学博士论文.2002
[20]Mathis D.M.Permeable base design and construction proceedings.In:4~(th)International Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and Rehabilitation.Indiana:Purdue University 1989.
[21]Nader Ghafoori,Shivaji Dutta.Development of no-fines concrete pavement applications.Journal of Transportation Engineering[J].1995,6:283-288.
[22]Maynard.D.P.A no-fines road[J].Concrete Constr.1970.15(3):116-117.
[23]Monahan.A.Porous portland cement concrete:the state of art.U.S.Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station,Structures Laboratory,Vicksburg,Miss.1981:27.
[24]Medico,J,J,Jr.Porous concrete paving specification and uses.Porous Concrete Inc.1979.
[25]仰建岗.贫混凝土基层沥青路面结构分析与设计[D].长安大学硕士论文.2003.
[26]敖星.贫混凝土透水基层水泥混凝土路面结构分析[D].长沙理工大学硕士论文,2004.
[27]锁利军.多孔混凝土基层沥青路面结构设计方法研究[D].长安大学硕士论文.2005.
[28]中华人民共和国行业标准.公路排水设计规范(JTJ 018).北京:人民交通出版社.1998.
[29]张擎,陈军,田波.贫混凝土透水基层材料配合比设计方法研究[J].公路交通科技.2006,23(6):56-59.
[30]刑振贤.无砂大孔生态混凝土配合技术试验研究[J].人民黄河,2006,28(12):71-72.
[31]徐飞.无砂多孔混凝土配合比的研究[J].水利与建筑工程学报,2005,3(4):24-26.
[32]付贵海.无砂混凝土试验研究[J].交通科技,2004,5:4-6.
[33]孟宏睿.无砂透水混凝土的试验研究[J].混凝土与水泥制品,2004,2:43-44.
[34]盛燕萍.免振捣多孔混凝土性能及其配合比设计方法研究[D].长安大学硕士论文,2006.
[35]张鹏飞.路面内部排水系统的设计与研究[D].同济大学博士学位论文,1999.9
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