机械式动筛排矸机传动机构的优化设计
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摘要
我国在选煤工业中主要采用的方法是跳汰选煤,机械式动筛排矸机在各个选煤厂的应用非常广泛。为响应国家对煤炭资源的整合政策和减少矿产资源的浪费,对洗煤精度要求越来越高。因此提高机械式动筛排矸机的筛分效果具有重要的意义。
机械式动筛排矸机是按矿物密度分层实现轻重矿物分别排出,由于它具有高分选精度、工艺简单、维护容易、生产率高、投资、运营及维修费用较低的优点,因此被广泛使用。机械式动筛排矸机的核心部件是传动机构,传动机构带动筛床上下反复运动,决定着筛床的运动规律,对机械式动筛排矸机的传动性能和筛分效果有着很大的影响。所以要使机械式动筛排矸机有较高的筛分效果,传动机构的设计必须合理。
本文在了解机械式动筛排矸机的结构特征和工作原理的基础上,分析了影响其筛分效果的各个因素。建立机械式动筛排矸机传动机构的数学模型,应用MATLAB/SimMechanics对传动机构进行运动分析,得到了各杆件相应的角位移、角速度、角加速度的变化规律,分析了对机械式动筛排矸机筛分效果和传动机构各个构件的运动特性。
为了提高机械式动筛排矸机的筛分效果和设备的可靠性及稳定性,对机械式动筛排矸机的传动机构进行优化设计,建立传动机构的多目标优化设计问题的数学模型,以传动机构的急回特性系数和速度均匀作为优化设计的多目标函数,以其结构尺寸参数作为优化设计的设计变量,曲柄存在条件、结构尺寸的限制、最小传动角限制、以及筛床振幅的合理范围作为优化设计的约束条件,优化结果由MATLAB优化工具箱求解运算得到。将优化后的结果与优化前的结果进行对比,结果表明优化后的传动机构使分选效果得到了提高,设备的稳定性和可靠性同时得到了提高。
最后,应用UG建立优化后传动机构的三维模型,即用多目标函数优化设计得到的传动机构各个构件的尺寸、筛床尺寸和位置等参数建立其模型,验证优化设计的正确性,并对传动机构进行干涉检查,证明优化后的传动机构的可行性。
In china, the main methods of the coal preparation industry is jigging, the mechanical movable sieve jigger is widely used in the coal preparation. The country improve the requirements of coal preparation accuracy, in order to reduce waste of mineral resources and implement the policy of integration of coal resources, therefore it has great significance for improving the separation effectiveness of the mechanical movable sieve jigger.
The mechanical movable sieve jigger emit the light products and heavy products according to stratification of the density, It has many advantages, such as device structure is simple, separation accuracy is high, process is simple and the costs of investment, operation and maintenance are low. The core component of the mechanical movable sieve jigger is the transmission mechanism, it drives sieve bed up and down reciprocating motion, it determines the law of the motion of the sieve bed. If you want to have a higher separation accuracy of the mechanical movable sieve jigger, the design of the transmission mechanism must be reasonable. It has a significant impact for the transmission performance and the separation effectiveness of the mechanical movable sieve jigger.
This paper based on the understanding of the structural and working principle of the mechanical movable sieve jigger, the various factors which can affect the separation effectiveness of jigging are analyzed. The mathematical model of transmission mechanism is built, the motion of transmission mechanism are analyzed by using MATLAB/SimMechanics.
The curves of each bar of angular displacement, angular velocity and angular acceleration are acquired, the separation effectiveness of mechanical movable sieve jigger and the motion characteristics of each bar of the transmission mechanism.
The transmission mechanism of the mechanical movable sieve jigger is optimized, to improved the separation effectiveness of the mechanical movable sieve jigger and the reliability and stability of the equipment. The mathematical model of multi-objection optimization of the transmission mechanism are built, the quick return characteristics of the transmission mechanism and the uniform velocity are selected as object function and the component size is used as optimization variables, the bound for object function have crank conditions of existence, the bound conditions of the optimization variables, the condition of minimum transmission angle and the amplitude range of the sieve bed. The optimal results are obtained applying the MATLAB optimization toolbox. The after optimized results and the before optimized results are compared, the conclusions show that the separation effectiveness are improved by the optimized the transmission mechanism, the reliability and stability of the equipment also are improved.
Final, the3D software UG is selected as the platform, according to idiographic request and range of size, the model of the optimized transmission mechanism is established, the motion interference of the transmission mechanism is checked to verify the correctness of the optimized design, the feasibility of the optimized transmission mechanism is proved.
机械式动筛排矸机是按矿物密度分层实现轻重矿物分别排出,由于它具有高分选精度、工艺简单、维护容易、生产率高、投资、运营及维修费用较低的优点,因此被广泛使用。机械式动筛排矸机的核心部件是传动机构,传动机构带动筛床上下反复运动,决定着筛床的运动规律,对机械式动筛排矸机的传动性能和筛分效果有着很大的影响。所以要使机械式动筛排矸机有较高的筛分效果,传动机构的设计必须合理。
本文在了解机械式动筛排矸机的结构特征和工作原理的基础上,分析了影响其筛分效果的各个因素。建立机械式动筛排矸机传动机构的数学模型,应用MATLAB/SimMechanics对传动机构进行运动分析,得到了各杆件相应的角位移、角速度、角加速度的变化规律,分析了对机械式动筛排矸机筛分效果和传动机构各个构件的运动特性。
为了提高机械式动筛排矸机的筛分效果和设备的可靠性及稳定性,对机械式动筛排矸机的传动机构进行优化设计,建立传动机构的多目标优化设计问题的数学模型,以传动机构的急回特性系数和速度均匀作为优化设计的多目标函数,以其结构尺寸参数作为优化设计的设计变量,曲柄存在条件、结构尺寸的限制、最小传动角限制、以及筛床振幅的合理范围作为优化设计的约束条件,优化结果由MATLAB优化工具箱求解运算得到。将优化后的结果与优化前的结果进行对比,结果表明优化后的传动机构使分选效果得到了提高,设备的稳定性和可靠性同时得到了提高。
最后,应用UG建立优化后传动机构的三维模型,即用多目标函数优化设计得到的传动机构各个构件的尺寸、筛床尺寸和位置等参数建立其模型,验证优化设计的正确性,并对传动机构进行干涉检查,证明优化后的传动机构的可行性。
In china, the main methods of the coal preparation industry is jigging, the mechanical movable sieve jigger is widely used in the coal preparation. The country improve the requirements of coal preparation accuracy, in order to reduce waste of mineral resources and implement the policy of integration of coal resources, therefore it has great significance for improving the separation effectiveness of the mechanical movable sieve jigger.
The mechanical movable sieve jigger emit the light products and heavy products according to stratification of the density, It has many advantages, such as device structure is simple, separation accuracy is high, process is simple and the costs of investment, operation and maintenance are low. The core component of the mechanical movable sieve jigger is the transmission mechanism, it drives sieve bed up and down reciprocating motion, it determines the law of the motion of the sieve bed. If you want to have a higher separation accuracy of the mechanical movable sieve jigger, the design of the transmission mechanism must be reasonable. It has a significant impact for the transmission performance and the separation effectiveness of the mechanical movable sieve jigger.
This paper based on the understanding of the structural and working principle of the mechanical movable sieve jigger, the various factors which can affect the separation effectiveness of jigging are analyzed. The mathematical model of transmission mechanism is built, the motion of transmission mechanism are analyzed by using MATLAB/SimMechanics.
The curves of each bar of angular displacement, angular velocity and angular acceleration are acquired, the separation effectiveness of mechanical movable sieve jigger and the motion characteristics of each bar of the transmission mechanism.
The transmission mechanism of the mechanical movable sieve jigger is optimized, to improved the separation effectiveness of the mechanical movable sieve jigger and the reliability and stability of the equipment. The mathematical model of multi-objection optimization of the transmission mechanism are built, the quick return characteristics of the transmission mechanism and the uniform velocity are selected as object function and the component size is used as optimization variables, the bound for object function have crank conditions of existence, the bound conditions of the optimization variables, the condition of minimum transmission angle and the amplitude range of the sieve bed. The optimal results are obtained applying the MATLAB optimization toolbox. The after optimized results and the before optimized results are compared, the conclusions show that the separation effectiveness are improved by the optimized the transmission mechanism, the reliability and stability of the equipment also are improved.
Final, the3D software UG is selected as the platform, according to idiographic request and range of size, the model of the optimized transmission mechanism is established, the motion interference of the transmission mechanism is checked to verify the correctness of the optimized design, the feasibility of the optimized transmission mechanism is proved.
引文
[1]杨林青,胡方坤.我国选煤技术的现在及发展[J].煤炭技术,2010(5)：110～111.
[2]梁金钢,赵环帅,何建新.国内外选煤技术与装备现状及发展趋势[J].选煤技术,2008(1)：63～64.
[3]赵谋.动筛跳汰机及其应用[J].煤炭工程,2006(2)：13～14.
[4]韩士琦.能源百科全书[M].北京：中国大百科全书出版社,1992：356.
[5]郭梦熊.现代科技综述大词典[M].北京：北京出版社,1992：2254.
[6]张云良.我国选煤机械装备的应用现状与前景[J].科技创新导报,2011(6)：69.
[7]武乐鹏,杨立忠,解国辉.选煤技术的发展[J].科技情报开发与经济,2009(14)：121～122.
[8]于尔铁.动筛跳汰机在我国的应用现状与展望[J].煤质技术,2006(4)：1-2.
[9]刘庆伟.浅谈动筛跳汰机的原理与使用[J].科技情报开发与经济,2005(24)：257.
[10]代现法,胡太峰,杨玉香等.浅谈XD2232型跳汰机的特点及应用[J].煤矿现代化,2009(6)：3.
[11]陶长林.国外选煤技术动态分析[J].选煤技术,1999(3)：18～32.
[12]李百亮,陈志林,郝曙华等.跳汰选煤技术研究现状及其发展趋势[J].煤炭加工与综合利用,2007(4)：5～19.
[13]曹树祥,郭杰民,邢成国.机械动筛跳汰机的研究与应用[J].煤炭加工与综合利用,2003(1)：13.
[14]Rong, R.X., Lyman, G.J.1991. Modeling jig bed stratification in a pilot scale Baum jig. Miner. Eng.4(5-6),611.
[15]Lyman, G.J.,1992. Review of jigging principles and control.CoalPrep.11,145.
[16]Srinivasan, R., Mishra, B.K., Mehrotra, S.P.,1999. Simulation of particle stratification in jigs. Coal Prep.20,55.
[17]Rasul, M.G., Rudolph, V., Wang, F.Y.,2000. Particle separation using fluidization techniques. Int. J. Miner. Process.60,163.
[18]Mishra, B.K., Mehrotra, S.P.,2001. A jig model based on the discrete element method and its experimental validation. Int. J. Miner.
[19]A.K. Mukherjeel, V.K. Dwivedi and B.K. Mishra 2004 Analysis of a laboratory jigging system for improved performance Miner. Eng.10:1037.
[20]朱金波.跳汰机结构对其流场分布影响[J].煤炭科学技术,1999,27(7)：31-33.
[21]樊民强,张荣曾.颗粒在跳汰床层中分布形态的研究[J].煤炭学报,2000,25(3)：312-315.
[22]王振翀,任守政.跳汰分层过程计算机模拟研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2000,29(4)：388-391.
[23]王振生.关于跳汰选煤理论与实践的一些问题[J].煤质技术,2000(5)：30-35.
[24]陈建中.动筛跳汰机床面运动曲线的研究[J].煤炭学报.2000(6)：649-650.
[25]匡亚莉,何亚群,陈建云等.跳汰床层运动参数特性分析[J].中国矿业大学学报,2003(6)：678-682.
[26]韦名红.跳汰机新型排料装置的试验研究及回控[D].安徽理工大学,2005.
[27]李春苗.动筛排矸机提升机构液压系统的研究[D].太原理工大学.学位论文.2007.
[28]韦国峰,田海英,赵欣等.床层松散度对动筛分选效果的影响[J].选煤技术,2007(4)：23-24.
[29]匡亚莉,解京选,戈军等.跳汰过程中25和13mm颗粒运动的数学模型.中国矿业大学学报.2010,39(6)：837-842.
[30]翟红.提高大型机械式动筛跳汰机分选效果的理论与实验研究[D].中国矿业大学(北京).学位论文.2010.
[31]杨康,娄德安.我国跳汰选煤及其设备的技术发展[J].选煤技术,2003(6)：14～18.
[32]李百亮,陈志林,郝曙华.跳汰选煤技术研究现状及其发展趋势[J].煤炭加工与综合利用,2007(4)：15～19.
[33]Rong, R.X., Lyman, G.J., Modeling jig bed stratification in a pilot scale Baum jig[J].Miner.Eng.1991(4):611.
[34]王睿虹.动筛跳汰机工艺选择探讨[J].山西焦煤科技,2004(8)：29-30.
[35]费耕.跳汰机自动控制若干技术的研究与实践[J].煤炭科学技术,1994(4)：1.
[36]张荣曾,付晓恒,韦鲁滨等.跳汰机床层松散与分层的流体动力学研究[J].煤炭学报,2003,28(2)：193～198.
[37]Mukherjee, A.K., Mishra, B.K., An integral assessment of the role of critical process parameters on jigging[J]. Miner. Process.2006(81):187-200.
[38]邹慧君,傅祥志；张春林等.机械原理[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2005：40～46.
[39]原思聪MATLAB语言及机械工程应用[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2008：279～293.
[40]陈立周.机械优化设计方法[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,第三版,2009：15～17.
[41]李迎喜.机械动筛跳汰机新型动力提升机构的研究[J].选煤技术,2011(4)：23～25.
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[2]梁金钢,赵环帅,何建新.国内外选煤技术与装备现状及发展趋势[J].选煤技术,2008(1)：63～64.
[3]赵谋.动筛跳汰机及其应用[J].煤炭工程,2006(2)：13～14.
[4]韩士琦.能源百科全书[M].北京：中国大百科全书出版社,1992：356.
[5]郭梦熊.现代科技综述大词典[M].北京：北京出版社,1992：2254.
[6]张云良.我国选煤机械装备的应用现状与前景[J].科技创新导报,2011(6)：69.
[7]武乐鹏,杨立忠,解国辉.选煤技术的发展[J].科技情报开发与经济,2009(14)：121～122.
[8]于尔铁.动筛跳汰机在我国的应用现状与展望[J].煤质技术,2006(4)：1-2.
[9]刘庆伟.浅谈动筛跳汰机的原理与使用[J].科技情报开发与经济,2005(24)：257.
[10]代现法,胡太峰,杨玉香等.浅谈XD2232型跳汰机的特点及应用[J].煤矿现代化,2009(6)：3.
[11]陶长林.国外选煤技术动态分析[J].选煤技术,1999(3)：18～32.
[12]李百亮,陈志林,郝曙华等.跳汰选煤技术研究现状及其发展趋势[J].煤炭加工与综合利用,2007(4)：5～19.
[13]曹树祥,郭杰民,邢成国.机械动筛跳汰机的研究与应用[J].煤炭加工与综合利用,2003(1)：13.
[14]Rong, R.X., Lyman, G.J.1991. Modeling jig bed stratification in a pilot scale Baum jig. Miner. Eng.4(5-6),611.
[15]Lyman, G.J.,1992. Review of jigging principles and control.CoalPrep.11,145.
[16]Srinivasan, R., Mishra, B.K., Mehrotra, S.P.,1999. Simulation of particle stratification in jigs. Coal Prep.20,55.
[17]Rasul, M.G., Rudolph, V., Wang, F.Y.,2000. Particle separation using fluidization techniques. Int. J. Miner. Process.60,163.
[18]Mishra, B.K., Mehrotra, S.P.,2001. A jig model based on the discrete element method and its experimental validation. Int. J. Miner.
[19]A.K. Mukherjeel, V.K. Dwivedi and B.K. Mishra 2004 Analysis of a laboratory jigging system for improved performance Miner. Eng.10:1037.
[20]朱金波.跳汰机结构对其流场分布影响[J].煤炭科学技术,1999,27(7)：31-33.
[21]樊民强,张荣曾.颗粒在跳汰床层中分布形态的研究[J].煤炭学报,2000,25(3)：312-315.
[22]王振翀,任守政.跳汰分层过程计算机模拟研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2000,29(4)：388-391.
[23]王振生.关于跳汰选煤理论与实践的一些问题[J].煤质技术,2000(5)：30-35.
[24]陈建中.动筛跳汰机床面运动曲线的研究[J].煤炭学报.2000(6)：649-650.
[25]匡亚莉,何亚群,陈建云等.跳汰床层运动参数特性分析[J].中国矿业大学学报,2003(6)：678-682.
[26]韦名红.跳汰机新型排料装置的试验研究及回控[D].安徽理工大学,2005.
[27]李春苗.动筛排矸机提升机构液压系统的研究[D].太原理工大学.学位论文.2007.
[28]韦国峰,田海英,赵欣等.床层松散度对动筛分选效果的影响[J].选煤技术,2007(4)：23-24.
[29]匡亚莉,解京选,戈军等.跳汰过程中25和13mm颗粒运动的数学模型.中国矿业大学学报.2010,39(6)：837-842.
[30]翟红.提高大型机械式动筛跳汰机分选效果的理论与实验研究[D].中国矿业大学(北京).学位论文.2010.
[31]杨康,娄德安.我国跳汰选煤及其设备的技术发展[J].选煤技术,2003(6)：14～18.
[32]李百亮,陈志林,郝曙华.跳汰选煤技术研究现状及其发展趋势[J].煤炭加工与综合利用,2007(4)：15～19.
[33]Rong, R.X., Lyman, G.J., Modeling jig bed stratification in a pilot scale Baum jig[J].Miner.Eng.1991(4):611.
[34]王睿虹.动筛跳汰机工艺选择探讨[J].山西焦煤科技,2004(8)：29-30.
[35]费耕.跳汰机自动控制若干技术的研究与实践[J].煤炭科学技术,1994(4)：1.
[36]张荣曾,付晓恒,韦鲁滨等.跳汰机床层松散与分层的流体动力学研究[J].煤炭学报,2003,28(2)：193～198.
[37]Mukherjee, A.K., Mishra, B.K., An integral assessment of the role of critical process parameters on jigging[J]. Miner. Process.2006(81):187-200.
[38]邹慧君,傅祥志；张春林等.机械原理[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2005：40～46.
[39]原思聪MATLAB语言及机械工程应用[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2008：279～293.
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