无碰撞区跳频序列与准同步/消息驱动跳频通信系统研究
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摘要
跳频(FH)通信是一种常用的扩频通信技术。常规跳频通信系统采用跳频序列控制收发双方的载波频率发生跳变,跳频序列的汉明相关特性对跳频码分多址(FH-CDMA)通信系统的性能有极其重要的影响。无碰撞区(NHZ)跳频序列在一定的相关区内具有理想的汉明相关特性,因而在准同步FH-CDMA系统中可被用作用户地址码,以消除或降低多址干扰,提高系统性能。本文对NHZ跳频序列理论界、NHZ跳频序列集设计方法和基于NHZ跳频序列的准同步FH-CDMA系统进行了研究,得到了一些重要的结果。消息驱动跳频(MDFH)通信与常规跳频通信不同,它用部分信源数据代替跳频序列控制载波频率跳变,以提高系统频谱效率。本文对一种增强型消息驱动跳频系统进行了研究,对其性能做了分析,并提出了改进方案。
论文首先对NHZ跳频序列集的性质进行了分析,并结合NHZ跳频序列集的结构特点,导出了一个NHZ跳频序列集的理论界,给出了频隙数、序列数目与无碰撞区宽度三个参数之间的约束不等式。通过考察频隙在序列集中的出现次数与序列长度的关系,本文还建立了一个包含频隙数目、序列长度、序列数目与无碰撞区宽度四项参数的理论界。论文将这两个理论界与目前已有的另一个NHZ跳频序列理论界进行了比较,分析和数值结果表明,本文提出的第二个理论界比其他两个界更紧。接着,在NHZ跳频序列理论界指导下,论文提出了三种NHZ跳频序列设计方法,即基于矩阵变换的构造法、基于映射的构造法和非重复NHZ跳频序列集构造方法,这些设计方法都达到了理论界,即所构造出的序列集为最优NHZ跳频序列集。通过对所构造的一类NHZ跳频序列集相关特性进行分析,指出此类NHZ跳频序列集的汉明互相关函数具有一种窗棱式特征。
其次,论文将NHZ概念延展到二维时延-频移无碰撞区(TF-NHZ, Time delay and Frequency shift No Hit Zone),给出了TF-NHZ的定义。以TF-NHZ概念为出发点,利用NHZ跳频序列设计理论界的研究结果,推导了频隙数目、序列长度、序列数目与时延-频移无碰撞区参数之间的约束关系不等式,建立了TF-NHZ跳频序列集的理论界。以此理论界为指导,提出了三种TF-NHZ跳频序列集构造方法,其中有两种方法构造的跳频序列集是最优的。
然后,提出一种基于NHZ跳频序列的两级FFH/MFSK准同步通信系统,在该系统中,全体用户被分成若干个组,为每组分配一个互不相同的NHZ跳频序列。当用户间为准同步状态时,只要其相对延迟不超过无碰撞区,就可以消除组间用户的干扰；残余多址干扰只存在于组内用户之间,可以在接收端采用异步多用户检测器改善系统的检测性能。分析与仿真结果表明,在准同步情况下所提出的NHZ-FFH/MFSK系统性能优于Yang和Hanzo提出的一种多级快跳频通信系统。
最后,论文研究了一种增强型消息驱动跳频(E-MDFH)通信系统,对E-MDFH/MFSK系统在AWGN信道和瑞利衰落信道下的误码率性能进行了理论分析和仿真比较。针对E-MDFH系统在接收端对载波比特和常规比特检测时的算法缺陷,提出一种改进的接收检测算法。仿真结果表明,在AWGN信道和瑞利衰落信道下,本文提出的算法使两种信息比特的误码率都有所降低。为进一步改善E-MDFH系统的误码率性能,还提出了一种E-MDFH发送和接收改进系统模型,对改进模型的常规比特BER性能进行了理论分析,数值与仿真结果表明,改进系统的常规比特BER性能和载波比特BER性能与E-MDFH系统性能相比,都有较大提高。
Frequency hopping (FH) communication is one of the popular spread spectrum techniques. In conventional FH communication systems, the carrier frequencies of transmitter and receiver are hopped from one to another synchronously according to the FH sequences allocated. The Hamming correlation properties of the frequency hopping sequences have a great influence on the performance of the FH-CDMA communication systems. No hit zone (NHZ) FH sequences have ideal Hamming correlation properties within a correlation zone. If NHZ FH sequences are utilized in quasi-synchronous (QS) FH-CDMA systems, the multi-access interference (MAI) can be eliminated or reduced significantly, thus improving the system performance. In this thesis, some beneficial results are obtained by investigating NHZ FH sequence bounds, NHZ FH sequence design, and QS-FH-CDMA systems based on NHZ FH sequences. Different from conventional FH communication systems, message-driven frequency hopping (MDFH) communication systems use part of the message stream as the FH sequence to control the hopping of carrier frequencies in order to increase system spectral efficiency. The performance of an enhanced MDFH (E-MDFH) system is analyzed and its improvement is also researched in this thesis.
Firstly, by analyzing the characteristics of NHZ sequences, a theoretical bound on NHZ FH sequence set is obtained, which gives the bounding inequality between the number of frequency slots, the number of FH sequences, and no hit zone size. Besides, by further considering the sequence length, another theoretical NHZ FH sequence bound is established. These two bounds are compared with an existing NHZ FH sequences bound, showing that the second bound proposed in this thesis is tighter than the others. Under the guidance of the theoretical bounds, three methods for designing NHZ FH sequences are presented, i.e. matrix transform method, mapping method and construction method of non-repeating NHZ FH sequences. The NHZ FH sequence sets obtained by these construction methods are optimal NHZ sequence sets which achieve the theoretical bound. The Hamming cross-correlation property of the general class of NHZ FH sequence set constructed is analyzed, showing that their Hamming cross-correlation functions possess the feature of mullion.
Secondly, the idea of NHZ is extended to two-dimensional time delay and frequency shift no hit zone (TF-NHZ), and the definition of TF-NHZ is given. Based on the concept of TF-NHZ and the theoretical bound on1-dimensional NHZ FH sequences, an inequality is derived to reveal the bounding relationship of the number of frequency slots, the sequence length, the number of sequences and TF-NHZ size, resulting the theoretical bound on TF-NHZ FH sequences. Three construction methods of TF-NHZ FH sequences are presented, and two of them achieve the theoretical bound.
Thirdly, a two-stage FFH/MFSK quasi-synchronous communication system using NHZ FH sequences is proposed. The users are divided into a number of groups here, and each group is assigned a unique NHZ FH sequence. The MAI between users of different groups can be eliminated even they are not perfectly synchronous, as long as their relative delays do not exceed the no hit zone. Therefore, residual MAI is only imposed on users belonging to the same user group. The multiuser detection technique of asynchronous system is utilized in the receiver to improve the detection performance further. The MAI analysis as well as the system model is provided. Simulation results show that the proposed NHZ-FFH/MFSK quasi-synchronous system exhibits better performance than a multistage fast frequency-hopping (MS-FFH) multiple-access system presented by Yang and Hanzo.
Finally, an enhanced MDFH (E-MDFH) system is discussed. In particular, the BER performance of E-MDFH/MFSK system is investigated by theoretical analysis and simulation. An improved detection method is put forward to combat the drawback of carrier bits and ordinary bits detections in E-MDFH/MFSK system. It is shown by simulation that the proposed detection method can reduce the BER of information data under AWGN channel and Rayleigh fading channel. To improve the BER performance of E-MDFH system further, a modified transmitter and receiver model of E-MDFH/MFSK system is presented, and its BER performance is analyzed. Analysis and simulation results show that the BER performance of ordinary bits and carrier bits of the modified system are improved significantly compared with the existing E-MDFH system.
论文首先对NHZ跳频序列集的性质进行了分析,并结合NHZ跳频序列集的结构特点,导出了一个NHZ跳频序列集的理论界,给出了频隙数、序列数目与无碰撞区宽度三个参数之间的约束不等式。通过考察频隙在序列集中的出现次数与序列长度的关系,本文还建立了一个包含频隙数目、序列长度、序列数目与无碰撞区宽度四项参数的理论界。论文将这两个理论界与目前已有的另一个NHZ跳频序列理论界进行了比较,分析和数值结果表明,本文提出的第二个理论界比其他两个界更紧。接着,在NHZ跳频序列理论界指导下,论文提出了三种NHZ跳频序列设计方法,即基于矩阵变换的构造法、基于映射的构造法和非重复NHZ跳频序列集构造方法,这些设计方法都达到了理论界,即所构造出的序列集为最优NHZ跳频序列集。通过对所构造的一类NHZ跳频序列集相关特性进行分析,指出此类NHZ跳频序列集的汉明互相关函数具有一种窗棱式特征。
其次,论文将NHZ概念延展到二维时延-频移无碰撞区(TF-NHZ, Time delay and Frequency shift No Hit Zone),给出了TF-NHZ的定义。以TF-NHZ概念为出发点,利用NHZ跳频序列设计理论界的研究结果,推导了频隙数目、序列长度、序列数目与时延-频移无碰撞区参数之间的约束关系不等式,建立了TF-NHZ跳频序列集的理论界。以此理论界为指导,提出了三种TF-NHZ跳频序列集构造方法,其中有两种方法构造的跳频序列集是最优的。
然后,提出一种基于NHZ跳频序列的两级FFH/MFSK准同步通信系统,在该系统中,全体用户被分成若干个组,为每组分配一个互不相同的NHZ跳频序列。当用户间为准同步状态时,只要其相对延迟不超过无碰撞区,就可以消除组间用户的干扰；残余多址干扰只存在于组内用户之间,可以在接收端采用异步多用户检测器改善系统的检测性能。分析与仿真结果表明,在准同步情况下所提出的NHZ-FFH/MFSK系统性能优于Yang和Hanzo提出的一种多级快跳频通信系统。
最后,论文研究了一种增强型消息驱动跳频(E-MDFH)通信系统,对E-MDFH/MFSK系统在AWGN信道和瑞利衰落信道下的误码率性能进行了理论分析和仿真比较。针对E-MDFH系统在接收端对载波比特和常规比特检测时的算法缺陷,提出一种改进的接收检测算法。仿真结果表明,在AWGN信道和瑞利衰落信道下,本文提出的算法使两种信息比特的误码率都有所降低。为进一步改善E-MDFH系统的误码率性能,还提出了一种E-MDFH发送和接收改进系统模型,对改进模型的常规比特BER性能进行了理论分析,数值与仿真结果表明,改进系统的常规比特BER性能和载波比特BER性能与E-MDFH系统性能相比,都有较大提高。
Frequency hopping (FH) communication is one of the popular spread spectrum techniques. In conventional FH communication systems, the carrier frequencies of transmitter and receiver are hopped from one to another synchronously according to the FH sequences allocated. The Hamming correlation properties of the frequency hopping sequences have a great influence on the performance of the FH-CDMA communication systems. No hit zone (NHZ) FH sequences have ideal Hamming correlation properties within a correlation zone. If NHZ FH sequences are utilized in quasi-synchronous (QS) FH-CDMA systems, the multi-access interference (MAI) can be eliminated or reduced significantly, thus improving the system performance. In this thesis, some beneficial results are obtained by investigating NHZ FH sequence bounds, NHZ FH sequence design, and QS-FH-CDMA systems based on NHZ FH sequences. Different from conventional FH communication systems, message-driven frequency hopping (MDFH) communication systems use part of the message stream as the FH sequence to control the hopping of carrier frequencies in order to increase system spectral efficiency. The performance of an enhanced MDFH (E-MDFH) system is analyzed and its improvement is also researched in this thesis.
Firstly, by analyzing the characteristics of NHZ sequences, a theoretical bound on NHZ FH sequence set is obtained, which gives the bounding inequality between the number of frequency slots, the number of FH sequences, and no hit zone size. Besides, by further considering the sequence length, another theoretical NHZ FH sequence bound is established. These two bounds are compared with an existing NHZ FH sequences bound, showing that the second bound proposed in this thesis is tighter than the others. Under the guidance of the theoretical bounds, three methods for designing NHZ FH sequences are presented, i.e. matrix transform method, mapping method and construction method of non-repeating NHZ FH sequences. The NHZ FH sequence sets obtained by these construction methods are optimal NHZ sequence sets which achieve the theoretical bound. The Hamming cross-correlation property of the general class of NHZ FH sequence set constructed is analyzed, showing that their Hamming cross-correlation functions possess the feature of mullion.
Secondly, the idea of NHZ is extended to two-dimensional time delay and frequency shift no hit zone (TF-NHZ), and the definition of TF-NHZ is given. Based on the concept of TF-NHZ and the theoretical bound on1-dimensional NHZ FH sequences, an inequality is derived to reveal the bounding relationship of the number of frequency slots, the sequence length, the number of sequences and TF-NHZ size, resulting the theoretical bound on TF-NHZ FH sequences. Three construction methods of TF-NHZ FH sequences are presented, and two of them achieve the theoretical bound.
Thirdly, a two-stage FFH/MFSK quasi-synchronous communication system using NHZ FH sequences is proposed. The users are divided into a number of groups here, and each group is assigned a unique NHZ FH sequence. The MAI between users of different groups can be eliminated even they are not perfectly synchronous, as long as their relative delays do not exceed the no hit zone. Therefore, residual MAI is only imposed on users belonging to the same user group. The multiuser detection technique of asynchronous system is utilized in the receiver to improve the detection performance further. The MAI analysis as well as the system model is provided. Simulation results show that the proposed NHZ-FFH/MFSK quasi-synchronous system exhibits better performance than a multistage fast frequency-hopping (MS-FFH) multiple-access system presented by Yang and Hanzo.
Finally, an enhanced MDFH (E-MDFH) system is discussed. In particular, the BER performance of E-MDFH/MFSK system is investigated by theoretical analysis and simulation. An improved detection method is put forward to combat the drawback of carrier bits and ordinary bits detections in E-MDFH/MFSK system. It is shown by simulation that the proposed detection method can reduce the BER of information data under AWGN channel and Rayleigh fading channel. To improve the BER performance of E-MDFH system further, a modified transmitter and receiver model of E-MDFH/MFSK system is presented, and its BER performance is analyzed. Analysis and simulation results show that the BER performance of ordinary bits and carrier bits of the modified system are improved significantly compared with the existing E-MDFH system.
引文
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