基于跳频技术的矿井下定位通信系统研究与设计
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摘要
目前，矿井下通信的可靠性在当今世界依然是个难题，矿井下通信存在复杂的多径和多址干扰，导致传统的通信系统在矿井下不能良好工作，为满足当前煤矿安全生产和科学管理要求，必须提高矿井下通信系统可靠性。
本文根据煤矿井下所做的实验结果研究矿井下定位通信系统。全文分四个部分对矿井下通信系统做了研究和设计，提出研究设计方案。
第一部分研究通信系统硬件设计。详细介绍了通信系统的工作原理，各种元器件的选择和系统核心电路外围电路的设计，从硬件上保证数据可靠性。
第二部分研究系统软件设计。选择CSMA协议作为本系统的无线接入技术。提出了通信协议和基站识别卡软件设计，从软件上保证数据可靠性。
第三部分研究矿井下无线信道特点和编码信道模型，着重研究有关跳频序列的生成方法，提出一种基于改进交织技术无碰撞区跳频序列的构造，并将其应用到本系统中，解决通信系统存在的多径和多址干扰问题。
第四部分对通信系统的传播距离和误码率两项重要技术指标进行分析，其实际传播距离和误码率完全满足系统需要。
另外，在其他矿井应用本系统只要做实验测定各个频段的电磁干扰，修改系统的射频频率就可通用。并且本系统具有投入成本低、开发周期短、易于安装维护，良好的技术经济效益等优点，可以在矿山等地下工程中推广应用。
Underground communication in mines is a difficult problem now, since there are complicated multi-path and multi-address interferences in such environment, where surface ground communication system can not work well. Reliability of underground locating communication system (ULCS) in coal mines must be improved to meet the demand of safety production and scientific management in current coal mines.
Through large number of experiments in the coal mine, the ULCS is analyzed and designed. This thesis consists of four parts. A novel system scheme is presented, according to the analysis and design of underground communication system.
Firstly, the description of the ULCS hardware design is presented. Principle of the ULCS is discussed in detail. And the choices of components and kernel circuit schematics are proposed, which ensure the reliability of data transmission on hardware.
Secondly, the description of the ULCS software design is presented. CSMA protocol is selected by wireless accessed protocol. Communication protocol and software scheme of base stations and cards is presented, which ensure the reliability of data transmission on software.
Thirdly, the feature of wireless channel and module of encoded channel under mine are raised, and approach generated of frequency hopping sequences is emphasis. The construction of No-hit zone frequency hopping sequences based on interleave technique improved is presented, which was applied to the ULCS. The method solved the problem of multi-path and multi-address interferences.
Fourth, analyse quality index of range transmitted and error rate of ULCS. Factual range transmitted and error rate can meet the needs of the ULCS.
In addition, this system can be transferred to the other coal mines by modifying several parameters, which are estimated by measures of electromagnetism interference of every frequency channel. The ULCS has advantages of low cost, short developing cycle, easy installation and maintenance and excellent technical and economic benefit. The ULCS can be spread underground projects.
本文根据煤矿井下所做的实验结果研究矿井下定位通信系统。全文分四个部分对矿井下通信系统做了研究和设计，提出研究设计方案。
第一部分研究通信系统硬件设计。详细介绍了通信系统的工作原理，各种元器件的选择和系统核心电路外围电路的设计，从硬件上保证数据可靠性。
第二部分研究系统软件设计。选择CSMA协议作为本系统的无线接入技术。提出了通信协议和基站识别卡软件设计，从软件上保证数据可靠性。
第三部分研究矿井下无线信道特点和编码信道模型，着重研究有关跳频序列的生成方法，提出一种基于改进交织技术无碰撞区跳频序列的构造，并将其应用到本系统中，解决通信系统存在的多径和多址干扰问题。
第四部分对通信系统的传播距离和误码率两项重要技术指标进行分析，其实际传播距离和误码率完全满足系统需要。
另外，在其他矿井应用本系统只要做实验测定各个频段的电磁干扰，修改系统的射频频率就可通用。并且本系统具有投入成本低、开发周期短、易于安装维护，良好的技术经济效益等优点，可以在矿山等地下工程中推广应用。
Underground communication in mines is a difficult problem now, since there are complicated multi-path and multi-address interferences in such environment, where surface ground communication system can not work well. Reliability of underground locating communication system (ULCS) in coal mines must be improved to meet the demand of safety production and scientific management in current coal mines.
Through large number of experiments in the coal mine, the ULCS is analyzed and designed. This thesis consists of four parts. A novel system scheme is presented, according to the analysis and design of underground communication system.
Firstly, the description of the ULCS hardware design is presented. Principle of the ULCS is discussed in detail. And the choices of components and kernel circuit schematics are proposed, which ensure the reliability of data transmission on hardware.
Secondly, the description of the ULCS software design is presented. CSMA protocol is selected by wireless accessed protocol. Communication protocol and software scheme of base stations and cards is presented, which ensure the reliability of data transmission on software.
Thirdly, the feature of wireless channel and module of encoded channel under mine are raised, and approach generated of frequency hopping sequences is emphasis. The construction of No-hit zone frequency hopping sequences based on interleave technique improved is presented, which was applied to the ULCS. The method solved the problem of multi-path and multi-address interferences.
Fourth, analyse quality index of range transmitted and error rate of ULCS. Factual range transmitted and error rate can meet the needs of the ULCS.
In addition, this system can be transferred to the other coal mines by modifying several parameters, which are estimated by measures of electromagnetism interference of every frequency channel. The ULCS has advantages of low cost, short developing cycle, easy installation and maintenance and excellent technical and economic benefit. The ULCS can be spread underground projects.
引文
[1] 王坤，林明星．一种基于人员定位的矿井综合通信系统．计算机应用研究．2005(8)：217页
[2] G. V. Stephenson. The Application of High frequency Gravitational Waves to communications. 2003 International High-Frequency Gravitational Wave Working Group(IHFGWWG),5 May 2003. 103～104P
[3] Robert M. L. Baker, Jr. What Poincare and Einstein have Wrounht: a Mordern, Practical Application of the General Theory of Relativity. 2003. IHFGWWG: 93-101P
[4] 吴增荣．基于DSP的高频实时信道模拟．大连海事大学硕士学位论文．2004：12-15页
[5] 蒋定顺，金力军．高速跳频通信系统同步技术研究．电子科技大学学报．2005(1)：205页
[6] 董论．基于DSP与DDS的混沌信号源的设计与实现．清华大学学报(自然科学版)．2004(7)：879页
[7] Delgado-Restituto M, Rodrguez-Restituto A. Integrated chaos generators. Proc of the IEEE. 2002 (5):747-767P
[8] 张建兵，王芳．多线程通信方法在高频幅度控制中的应用．核技术．2003(7)：106页
[9] 柴洪禹，李署坚．高动态条件下混合扩频通信系统中载波跟踪算法的研究．遥测遥控．2005(5)：46页
[10] 赵建立，谢红玲，程文清．高频保护通道故障监测方法的研究．电力系统通信．2006(2)：55页
[11] 任立刚，宋梅．MIMO+OFDM：新一代移动通信核心技术．中国数据通信．2003(10)：102页
[12] 陆建勋．高频通信技术的新发展．数字通信世界．2005(9)：17-20页
[13] 张忠培，赵亚红，周世东．多用户自适应调制及功率分配．电子学报 2003(2)：211-212页
[14] 蒲林等．射频集成电路测试技术研究．微电子学．2005(2)：100-102页
[15] 杨军，张尔扬．300Mbit／s串行高速数据的可靠接收结构．通信学报2005(8)：78-83页
[16] 黄明．射频接收前端的设计与研究．电子科技大学硕士学位论文，2005：34页
[17] S. Brigati, F. Francesconi, A. Malvasi, A. Pesucci, M. Poletti, Modeling of Fractional-N division frequency synthesizers with Simulink and Matlab, 2001 IEEE: 1081-1084P
[18] Jonathan S. Min, Henry Samueli, Analysis and Design of a frequency-Hopped Spread-Spectrum Transceiver for Wireless Personal Communications, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 49, NO. 5, SEPTEMBER 2000: 1719-1731P
[19] Jiangzhou Wang, Performance of One-Hop/Symbol FNMA for Cellular Mobile Communications, IEEE TANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 50 NO. 2, MARCH 2001: 441-451P
[20] Jeungmin Joo, Sungdon Moon, Yeomin Yoon, and Kieon Kim, Effects of Fast Frequency Hopping Multiple Access Systems due to the Frequency and Timing Offset under Rayleigh Fading, 0-7803-7700-1/03 (C) 2003 IEEE: 126-131P
[21] G. Gong, New designs for signal sets with low cross correlation, balance property, and large linear span: GF(p)case, IEEE Trans Inform Theory, 2002,48(11): 2847-2867P
[22] W. J. V. Houtum, Quasi-synchronous code-division multipleaccess with high-order modulation, IEEE Trans on Communications, July 2001, 49 (7): 1240-1249P
[23] D. B. Li, The perspective of Iarge area synchronous CDMA technology for the fourth-generation mobile radio, IEEE Communications Magazine, March 2003: 114-118P
[24] W. C. Y. Lee, The most spectrum-efficient duplexing system: CDD, IEEE Communications Magazine, March 2002: 163-166P
[25] J. M. Joo, S. D. Moon, Y. M. Yoon, and K. Kim, Effects of Fast Frequency Hopping Multiple Access Systems due to the Frequency and Timing Offset under Rayleigh Fading, Wireless Communications and Networking(WCNC 2003), 2003, IEEE, (1): 126-131P
[26] J. Z. Wang, Performance of One-Hop/Symbol FNMA for Cellular Mobile Communications, IEEE Trans on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 50 ,No. 2, March 2001: 441-451P
[27] 陈新渝．无碰撞区跳频序列设计及其跳频通信系统仿真研究．成都：西南交通大学硕士学位论文．2005：12-15页
[28] 李洪宇．井下人员定位系统．山东科技大学硕士学位论文，2004，：38-39页
[29] 谢希仁．计算机网络．北京：电子工业出版社，1999：86-100页
[30] 孙增沂，张再兴，邓志东．智能控制理论与技术．北京：清华大学出版社，1997：150-261页
[31] 刘伟铭．高速公路系统控制方法．北京：人民交通出版社，1998：31-59页
[32] 黄小原，李宝家．高速公路交通的神经网络控制．信息与控制，2000，29(3)：280-284页
[33] 刘骏跃．最优控制理论的现状与发展．机电工程．2000(5)：5-7页
[34] 盛万兴等．关于智能控制．电子学报．1999，27(5)：16-18页
[35] 赵荣黎．数字移动通信传播特性预测及信道模型的研究．北方交通大学学报，1997，21(5)：495-498页
[36] W. C. Jake s. Microwave mobile communications. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York:1974: 870P
[37] 张音 等．水声信道的修正二进制对称信道模型和纠错码的性能分析．声学学报，2001 26(4)：372-375页
[38] Zhang Xin, Zhang Xiaoji, Dong Daqun. GBSC model description of underwater acoustic channel and performance analysis of error correcting codes. Acta Acustica, Vol. 26 (4): 956P
[39] 冯莉芳．基于无碰撞区跳频码的跳频通信系统仿真分析[D]．西南交通大学硕士学位论文，2004：10-17页
[40] W. X. Ye and P. Z. Fan. Two Classes of Frequency Hopping Sequences with No-Hit Zone, Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Communications Theory and Applications (ISCTA'2003), Ambleside, U. K, July 2003: 304-306P
[41] 梅文华等．跳频通信．北京：国防工业出版社，2005：39-44页，66页，72页，80-82页
[42] 朱崇灿，黄景熙等．天线．武汉大学出版社，1995：88-92页
[2] G. V. Stephenson. The Application of High frequency Gravitational Waves to communications. 2003 International High-Frequency Gravitational Wave Working Group(IHFGWWG),5 May 2003. 103～104P
[3] Robert M. L. Baker, Jr. What Poincare and Einstein have Wrounht: a Mordern, Practical Application of the General Theory of Relativity. 2003. IHFGWWG: 93-101P
[4] 吴增荣．基于DSP的高频实时信道模拟．大连海事大学硕士学位论文．2004：12-15页
[5] 蒋定顺，金力军．高速跳频通信系统同步技术研究．电子科技大学学报．2005(1)：205页
[6] 董论．基于DSP与DDS的混沌信号源的设计与实现．清华大学学报(自然科学版)．2004(7)：879页
[7] Delgado-Restituto M, Rodrguez-Restituto A. Integrated chaos generators. Proc of the IEEE. 2002 (5):747-767P
[8] 张建兵，王芳．多线程通信方法在高频幅度控制中的应用．核技术．2003(7)：106页
[9] 柴洪禹，李署坚．高动态条件下混合扩频通信系统中载波跟踪算法的研究．遥测遥控．2005(5)：46页
[10] 赵建立，谢红玲，程文清．高频保护通道故障监测方法的研究．电力系统通信．2006(2)：55页
[11] 任立刚，宋梅．MIMO+OFDM：新一代移动通信核心技术．中国数据通信．2003(10)：102页
[12] 陆建勋．高频通信技术的新发展．数字通信世界．2005(9)：17-20页
[13] 张忠培，赵亚红，周世东．多用户自适应调制及功率分配．电子学报 2003(2)：211-212页
[14] 蒲林等．射频集成电路测试技术研究．微电子学．2005(2)：100-102页
[15] 杨军，张尔扬．300Mbit／s串行高速数据的可靠接收结构．通信学报2005(8)：78-83页
[16] 黄明．射频接收前端的设计与研究．电子科技大学硕士学位论文，2005：34页
[17] S. Brigati, F. Francesconi, A. Malvasi, A. Pesucci, M. Poletti, Modeling of Fractional-N division frequency synthesizers with Simulink and Matlab, 2001 IEEE: 1081-1084P
[18] Jonathan S. Min, Henry Samueli, Analysis and Design of a frequency-Hopped Spread-Spectrum Transceiver for Wireless Personal Communications, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 49, NO. 5, SEPTEMBER 2000: 1719-1731P
[19] Jiangzhou Wang, Performance of One-Hop/Symbol FNMA for Cellular Mobile Communications, IEEE TANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 50 NO. 2, MARCH 2001: 441-451P
[20] Jeungmin Joo, Sungdon Moon, Yeomin Yoon, and Kieon Kim, Effects of Fast Frequency Hopping Multiple Access Systems due to the Frequency and Timing Offset under Rayleigh Fading, 0-7803-7700-1/03 (C) 2003 IEEE: 126-131P
[21] G. Gong, New designs for signal sets with low cross correlation, balance property, and large linear span: GF(p)case, IEEE Trans Inform Theory, 2002,48(11): 2847-2867P
[22] W. J. V. Houtum, Quasi-synchronous code-division multipleaccess with high-order modulation, IEEE Trans on Communications, July 2001, 49 (7): 1240-1249P
[23] D. B. Li, The perspective of Iarge area synchronous CDMA technology for the fourth-generation mobile radio, IEEE Communications Magazine, March 2003: 114-118P
[24] W. C. Y. Lee, The most spectrum-efficient duplexing system: CDD, IEEE Communications Magazine, March 2002: 163-166P
[25] J. M. Joo, S. D. Moon, Y. M. Yoon, and K. Kim, Effects of Fast Frequency Hopping Multiple Access Systems due to the Frequency and Timing Offset under Rayleigh Fading, Wireless Communications and Networking(WCNC 2003), 2003, IEEE, (1): 126-131P
[26] J. Z. Wang, Performance of One-Hop/Symbol FNMA for Cellular Mobile Communications, IEEE Trans on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 50 ,No. 2, March 2001: 441-451P
[27] 陈新渝．无碰撞区跳频序列设计及其跳频通信系统仿真研究．成都：西南交通大学硕士学位论文．2005：12-15页
[28] 李洪宇．井下人员定位系统．山东科技大学硕士学位论文，2004，：38-39页
[29] 谢希仁．计算机网络．北京：电子工业出版社，1999：86-100页
[30] 孙增沂，张再兴，邓志东．智能控制理论与技术．北京：清华大学出版社，1997：150-261页
[31] 刘伟铭．高速公路系统控制方法．北京：人民交通出版社，1998：31-59页
[32] 黄小原，李宝家．高速公路交通的神经网络控制．信息与控制，2000，29(3)：280-284页
[33] 刘骏跃．最优控制理论的现状与发展．机电工程．2000(5)：5-7页
[34] 盛万兴等．关于智能控制．电子学报．1999，27(5)：16-18页
[35] 赵荣黎．数字移动通信传播特性预测及信道模型的研究．北方交通大学学报，1997，21(5)：495-498页
[36] W. C. Jake s. Microwave mobile communications. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York:1974: 870P
[37] 张音 等．水声信道的修正二进制对称信道模型和纠错码的性能分析．声学学报，2001 26(4)：372-375页
[38] Zhang Xin, Zhang Xiaoji, Dong Daqun. GBSC model description of underwater acoustic channel and performance analysis of error correcting codes. Acta Acustica, Vol. 26 (4): 956P
[39] 冯莉芳．基于无碰撞区跳频码的跳频通信系统仿真分析[D]．西南交通大学硕士学位论文，2004：10-17页
[40] W. X. Ye and P. Z. Fan. Two Classes of Frequency Hopping Sequences with No-Hit Zone, Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Communications Theory and Applications (ISCTA'2003), Ambleside, U. K, July 2003: 304-306P
[41] 梅文华等．跳频通信．北京：国防工业出版社，2005：39-44页，66页，72页，80-82页
[42] 朱崇灿，黄景熙等．天线．武汉大学出版社，1995：88-92页