超宽带小步进频率合成技术研究
摘要
超宽带小步进频率合成器在微波测试和测量中起着极为重要的作用。随着电子设备的发展,对测试设备的性能也提出了更高的要求。理想的状况是设计一种超宽频率输出、极小频率步进、具有极快的跳频速度、大动态范围可调的功率输出、优良的相位噪声和杂散指标的频率合成器。
为了实现超宽带小步进频率合成器,本文介绍了三种超宽带小步进频率合成器方案,选取DDS内插到锁相环内的方案实现整个课题。通过对方案频率分辨率、输出范围、相位噪声、杂散、输出功率等指标的论证,证实了该方案的可行性。方案论证中特别对超宽带小步进频率方案中的整数边缘杂散进行了原理分析,论证了DPLL+DDS混合频率合成方案在超宽带小步进频率合成器中对该杂散抑制的优势。
利用YTO振荡器的超宽输出带宽,设计并实现了60MHz~6GHz频率步进为100Hz的频率合成器,输出功率+10dBm,相位噪声6GHz@10kHz为-89dBc/Hz时,全频段杂散优于-60dBc。整个频率合成器分为主环组件、频率扩展组件、ALC组件、控制板组件、电源板组件、YTO组件。采用分层控制结构,通过SPI接口实现了模块化控制的理念。可通过USB连接上位机以及面板键盘、旋钮控制的方式实现频率合成器的所有功能控制。整个设计基本达到了测试设备的要求。
The ultra-wideband frequency synthesizer with fine resolution plays a key role of microwave test and measurement. With the development of the electronic equipments, it calls for advanced frequency synthesizer techniques in the test and measurement. The ideal synthesizer should have ultra-wideband, fine frequency resolution, Fast hopping ability, wide dynamic power output,excellent phase noise and spurs performance.
This paper has introduced three methods of designing ultra-wideband frequency synthesizer,and chosen the DPLL+DDS to design the synthesizer. Then the feasibility of the plan is demonstrated by the calculation of the index. After the analysis of the integer boundary spurs,it proves the advantage of the plan in suppression of this spurs.
A 60MHz~6GHz ultra-wideband synthesizer is designed with 100Hz resolution based on a broadband YTO. The synthesizer, which is composed of five modules such as main-loop module, frequency extension module,ALC module,control module,power module and YTO module, have realized +10dBm output, -89dBc/Hz@10kHz phase noise at 6GHz,and the spurs suppression is superior to -60dBc before the ALC module. Serial peripheral interface (SPI) is used in the control module to communicate with other modules. The synthesizer can be controlled by the panel board or a computer connected with the USB interface.
为了实现超宽带小步进频率合成器,本文介绍了三种超宽带小步进频率合成器方案,选取DDS内插到锁相环内的方案实现整个课题。通过对方案频率分辨率、输出范围、相位噪声、杂散、输出功率等指标的论证,证实了该方案的可行性。方案论证中特别对超宽带小步进频率方案中的整数边缘杂散进行了原理分析,论证了DPLL+DDS混合频率合成方案在超宽带小步进频率合成器中对该杂散抑制的优势。
利用YTO振荡器的超宽输出带宽,设计并实现了60MHz~6GHz频率步进为100Hz的频率合成器,输出功率+10dBm,相位噪声6GHz@10kHz为-89dBc/Hz时,全频段杂散优于-60dBc。整个频率合成器分为主环组件、频率扩展组件、ALC组件、控制板组件、电源板组件、YTO组件。采用分层控制结构,通过SPI接口实现了模块化控制的理念。可通过USB连接上位机以及面板键盘、旋钮控制的方式实现频率合成器的所有功能控制。整个设计基本达到了测试设备的要求。
The ultra-wideband frequency synthesizer with fine resolution plays a key role of microwave test and measurement. With the development of the electronic equipments, it calls for advanced frequency synthesizer techniques in the test and measurement. The ideal synthesizer should have ultra-wideband, fine frequency resolution, Fast hopping ability, wide dynamic power output,excellent phase noise and spurs performance.
This paper has introduced three methods of designing ultra-wideband frequency synthesizer,and chosen the DPLL+DDS to design the synthesizer. Then the feasibility of the plan is demonstrated by the calculation of the index. After the analysis of the integer boundary spurs,it proves the advantage of the plan in suppression of this spurs.
A 60MHz~6GHz ultra-wideband synthesizer is designed with 100Hz resolution based on a broadband YTO. The synthesizer, which is composed of five modules such as main-loop module, frequency extension module,ALC module,control module,power module and YTO module, have realized +10dBm output, -89dBc/Hz@10kHz phase noise at 6GHz,and the spurs suppression is superior to -60dBc before the ALC module. Serial peripheral interface (SPI) is used in the control module to communicate with other modules. The synthesizer can be controlled by the panel board or a computer connected with the USB interface.
引文
[1] Vadim Manassewitsch.频率合成原理与设计第三版(何松柏,宋亚梅,鲍景富,等译).北京:电子工业出版社,2008
[2]恽小华.现代频率合成技术综述.电子学报.1995,23(10):148-150
[3] Roland Best.锁相环设计,仿真与应用第五版(李永明等译).北京:清华大学出版社,2007
[4]张厥盛,郑继禹,万心平.锁相技术.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2002,180-181
[5]白居宪.低噪声频率合成.西安:西安交通大学出版社,1994,9-22
[6] J.Tierney,C.M.Radar,B.Gold.A Digital Frequency Synthesizer. IEEE Transactions on Audio and Electroacoustics,1971,19(1):48-57
[7]杨檍,鲍景富.现代频率合成技术的研究进展.电讯技术,2007,47(2):1-5
[8]锁相环常见问题解答.Analog Devices Inc.2006,V1.1:6-8
[9]王旭东.∑?Δ调制小数分频锁相频率合成器的研究:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学.2003
[10]吴永欣,张建立.∑?Δ调制技术在小数分频锁相环中的应用.无线电工程,2005,35(3):53-55
[11]舒燕,李青平,孙桦.基于DDS内插PLL的设计分析.无线电工程,2009,39(8):45-48
[12]王晋杰.YIG振荡器的微波超宽带频率综合器研究:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2009
[13] M.Curtin,P.O’Brien.Phase-locked Loops for High-frequency Receivers and transmitters part1.Analog Dialogue33-3(1999):1-2
[14] M.Curtin,P.O’Brien.Phase-locked Loops for High-frequency Receivers and transmitters part2.Analog Dialogue33-5(1999):2-3
[15] M.Curtin,P.O’Brien.Phase-locked Loops for High-frequency Receivers and transmitters part3.Analog Dialogue33-7(1999):1-5
[16] Dean Banerjee.PLL Performance,Simulation,and Design 4th Edition,National Semiconductor. 2006
[17]张若禹,杨文革,孙静.DDS频谱分析与杂散预测软件包.装备指挥技术学院学报,2005,16(4):2-3
[18]黄旭伟.DDS杂散抑制技术:[硕士学位论文].重庆:重庆大学.2007
[19] Jiang.D,Brennan.P.V,Zhang.J.Analyses of intermodulation effects in fractional-N frequency synthesis.Circuits and Systems, 2005. ISCAS 2005. IEEE International Symposium on , Page(s): 2243 - 2246 Vol. 3
[20] Brennan,P.v.,Jiang,D.,Zhang,J.Role of intermodulation in fractional-N frequency synthesizer spectral purity,Electron.Lett.2003,39:770-772
[21] Inder bahl,Prakash Bhartia.微波固态电路设计第二版(郑新,赵玉洁,刘永宁,潘厚忠,等译).北京:电子工业出版社,2001
[22]陈劲松,何樵,蓝江.超宽带线性YIG振荡器设计.2005'全国微波毫米波会议
[23]刘类骥.基于YIG振荡器实现的X波段频率合成器.电讯技术,2002,6
[24] Alexander Chenakin.Building a Microwave Frequency Synthesizer-Part2:Component Selection.High Frequency Electronics, 2008:18-20
[25] J.-S Hong,M.J.Lancaster,Microstrip Filters for RF/Microwave Applications, NewYork:Wiley, 2001
[26]甘本祓,吴万春.现代微波滤波器的结构与设计(上).北京:科学出版社,1973
[27]森荣二.LC滤波器设计与制作.北京:科学出版社,2006.
[28]王庆生.频率合成器的电磁兼容设计.通信对抗,2006,3
[29]高树廷.雷达频率合成器的电磁兼容设计与分析.火控雷达技术,1990,3
[30]温明艳.多环频率合成器抗干扰研究.无线电通信技术,2002,28(5)
[2]恽小华.现代频率合成技术综述.电子学报.1995,23(10):148-150
[3] Roland Best.锁相环设计,仿真与应用第五版(李永明等译).北京:清华大学出版社,2007
[4]张厥盛,郑继禹,万心平.锁相技术.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2002,180-181
[5]白居宪.低噪声频率合成.西安:西安交通大学出版社,1994,9-22
[6] J.Tierney,C.M.Radar,B.Gold.A Digital Frequency Synthesizer. IEEE Transactions on Audio and Electroacoustics,1971,19(1):48-57
[7]杨檍,鲍景富.现代频率合成技术的研究进展.电讯技术,2007,47(2):1-5
[8]锁相环常见问题解答.Analog Devices Inc.2006,V1.1:6-8
[9]王旭东.∑?Δ调制小数分频锁相频率合成器的研究:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学.2003
[10]吴永欣,张建立.∑?Δ调制技术在小数分频锁相环中的应用.无线电工程,2005,35(3):53-55
[11]舒燕,李青平,孙桦.基于DDS内插PLL的设计分析.无线电工程,2009,39(8):45-48
[12]王晋杰.YIG振荡器的微波超宽带频率综合器研究:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2009
[13] M.Curtin,P.O’Brien.Phase-locked Loops for High-frequency Receivers and transmitters part1.Analog Dialogue33-3(1999):1-2
[14] M.Curtin,P.O’Brien.Phase-locked Loops for High-frequency Receivers and transmitters part2.Analog Dialogue33-5(1999):2-3
[15] M.Curtin,P.O’Brien.Phase-locked Loops for High-frequency Receivers and transmitters part3.Analog Dialogue33-7(1999):1-5
[16] Dean Banerjee.PLL Performance,Simulation,and Design 4th Edition,National Semiconductor. 2006
[17]张若禹,杨文革,孙静.DDS频谱分析与杂散预测软件包.装备指挥技术学院学报,2005,16(4):2-3
[18]黄旭伟.DDS杂散抑制技术:[硕士学位论文].重庆:重庆大学.2007
[19] Jiang.D,Brennan.P.V,Zhang.J.Analyses of intermodulation effects in fractional-N frequency synthesis.Circuits and Systems, 2005. ISCAS 2005. IEEE International Symposium on , Page(s): 2243 - 2246 Vol. 3
[20] Brennan,P.v.,Jiang,D.,Zhang,J.Role of intermodulation in fractional-N frequency synthesizer spectral purity,Electron.Lett.2003,39:770-772
[21] Inder bahl,Prakash Bhartia.微波固态电路设计第二版(郑新,赵玉洁,刘永宁,潘厚忠,等译).北京:电子工业出版社,2001
[22]陈劲松,何樵,蓝江.超宽带线性YIG振荡器设计.2005'全国微波毫米波会议
[23]刘类骥.基于YIG振荡器实现的X波段频率合成器.电讯技术,2002,6
[24] Alexander Chenakin.Building a Microwave Frequency Synthesizer-Part2:Component Selection.High Frequency Electronics, 2008:18-20
[25] J.-S Hong,M.J.Lancaster,Microstrip Filters for RF/Microwave Applications, NewYork:Wiley, 2001
[26]甘本祓,吴万春.现代微波滤波器的结构与设计(上).北京:科学出版社,1973
[27]森荣二.LC滤波器设计与制作.北京:科学出版社,2006.
[28]王庆生.频率合成器的电磁兼容设计.通信对抗,2006,3
[29]高树廷.雷达频率合成器的电磁兼容设计与分析.火控雷达技术,1990,3
[30]温明艳.多环频率合成器抗干扰研究.无线电通信技术,2002,28(5)