并行DDS激励PLL的微波捷变频综技术研究
摘要
自从七十年代初DDS即直接数字频率合成技术提出以来，DDS技术就以其优异的频率切换速度和频率分辨率得到广泛的关注，同时吸引了大批科学家的研究，DDS技术因此得到快速的发展。由于DDS是全数字结构，因此存在输出带宽窄和杂散抑制差的缺点。特别是在输出带宽增加时，杂散抑制度变差，而且输出频率较低。PLL即锁相技术虽然也是比较成熟的技术，但是它有自身优点的同时也有频率转换速度慢，频率分辨率不高的缺点。因此在很多场合下都采用DDS+PLL技术方案，使系统指标得以改善。但是在某些雷达和通信系统中，对杂散和跳频速度都提出了新的要求，单纯的采用DDS+PLL技术已经很难满足系统的要求。因此我们进行了并行DDS激励PLL的微波捷变频综技术研究。
以下给出全文的结构：
第一章首先阐述了近代频率合成技术的发展，并详细介绍了当代频率合成技术的基本方法和各自的优缺点。
第二章对DDS技术和锁相技术进行了详细的分析比较，为后面方案研究提供理论基础。
第三章分析了现阶段比较常用的跳频源技术合成方法，详细比较他们的优缺点，在此基础上提出了并行DDS激励PLL的微波捷变频率合成技术。
第四章是本文的重点内容，为了验证并行DDS激励PLL的微波捷变频率合成方案，给出了该方案详细的实验设计研究。
第五章为系统的调试以及结果分析，实验结果验证了该方案的有效性。其测试结果为：工作频率范围：655MHz～675MHz；杂散电平：优于-70dBc；相位噪声：≤-99dBc／Hz@10kHz；频率转换时间：≤0.06μs；跳频步长：0.15625MHz。
From the early 70s, when direct digital frequency synthesizer (DDS) technology was proposed, it beacame the focus. Its high frequency switching speed and the excellent frequency resolution attracted many scientists to do further research on DDS. And the DDS has got considerable progress. But with its digital system, it has the shortage of too narrow bandwith and bad spurs level. Meanwhile, PLL technology also has the contradiction between the frequency switching speed and frequency resolution. Just for the aboving reason, many people use the method of DDS+PLL to improve the performance of the system. But in some rada and communication systems, they require higher speed and more excellent spurs level. Only by the method of DDS+PLL, it can't satisfy these requires.So we propose a method by using double DDS+PLL to improve the performance of the system.
The following are the structure of this paper:
Chapter 1, the development of the frequency synthesizers are analyzed, which give the base of frequency synthersizer methods and their futures.
Chapter 2, the basic theory of DDS and PLL are introduced, which lay the theoretical base for the frequency synthesizer.
Chapter 3, the methods of the frequency synthesizer in commom use are analyzed and compared, and the advantages and disadvantages of each technique was also introduced.Base on this analysis, a novel frequency syntesizer method is given.
Chapter 4, an experiment on the technology is operated in order to verify the new method of frequency synthesizer proposed in the previous chapter.
Chapter 5, the results of the previous experiment are given, that is , the output frequency range: 655～675MHz , SFDR: -70dBc , phase noise: ≤ -99dBc/Hz@10kHz, hopping time: 0.06 μs, hopping step 0.15625MHz.
以下给出全文的结构：
第一章首先阐述了近代频率合成技术的发展，并详细介绍了当代频率合成技术的基本方法和各自的优缺点。
第二章对DDS技术和锁相技术进行了详细的分析比较，为后面方案研究提供理论基础。
第三章分析了现阶段比较常用的跳频源技术合成方法，详细比较他们的优缺点，在此基础上提出了并行DDS激励PLL的微波捷变频率合成技术。
第四章是本文的重点内容，为了验证并行DDS激励PLL的微波捷变频率合成方案，给出了该方案详细的实验设计研究。
第五章为系统的调试以及结果分析，实验结果验证了该方案的有效性。其测试结果为：工作频率范围：655MHz～675MHz；杂散电平：优于-70dBc；相位噪声：≤-99dBc／Hz@10kHz；频率转换时间：≤0.06μs；跳频步长：0.15625MHz。
From the early 70s, when direct digital frequency synthesizer (DDS) technology was proposed, it beacame the focus. Its high frequency switching speed and the excellent frequency resolution attracted many scientists to do further research on DDS. And the DDS has got considerable progress. But with its digital system, it has the shortage of too narrow bandwith and bad spurs level. Meanwhile, PLL technology also has the contradiction between the frequency switching speed and frequency resolution. Just for the aboving reason, many people use the method of DDS+PLL to improve the performance of the system. But in some rada and communication systems, they require higher speed and more excellent spurs level. Only by the method of DDS+PLL, it can't satisfy these requires.So we propose a method by using double DDS+PLL to improve the performance of the system.
The following are the structure of this paper:
Chapter 1, the development of the frequency synthesizers are analyzed, which give the base of frequency synthersizer methods and their futures.
Chapter 2, the basic theory of DDS and PLL are introduced, which lay the theoretical base for the frequency synthesizer.
Chapter 3, the methods of the frequency synthesizer in commom use are analyzed and compared, and the advantages and disadvantages of each technique was also introduced.Base on this analysis, a novel frequency syntesizer method is given.
Chapter 4, an experiment on the technology is operated in order to verify the new method of frequency synthesizer proposed in the previous chapter.
Chapter 5, the results of the previous experiment are given, that is , the output frequency range: 655～675MHz , SFDR: -70dBc , phase noise: ≤ -99dBc/Hz@10kHz, hopping time: 0.06 μs, hopping step 0.15625MHz.
引文
[1] 仇善忠，张冠百．锁相与频率合成技术．电子工业出版社，1986
[2] 郝巨盺．高纯频谱DDS—PLL线性跳频频率合成器的研制：[硕士学位论文]．成都：电子科技大学，2004
[3] 刘光辉．并行DDS线性跳频频率合成源的研制：[硕士学位论文]．成都：电子科技大学，2004
[4] J. Tierney, C. M. Rader, B. Gold. A Digital Frequency Synthesizer. IEEE Transactions on Audio and Electroacoustics, March 1971, Vol.AU-19, NO.1: 48-57
[5] 高泽溪，高延燕．DDS+PLL技术与应用．电子技术应用．1997(9)39～41
[6] 安建平．DDS/PLL频率合成技术的研究：[博士学位论文]．北京：北京理工大学，2004
[7]] Rick Cushing. A Technical Tutorial on Digital Signal Synthesis. Analog Devices, Inc. 1999
[8] 白居宪．低噪声频率合成．西安：西安交通大学出版社．1995
[9] J.Vankka. Methods of mapping from phase to sine amplitude in direct digital synthesis. IEEE Proc.50 AFCS, 1996: 942～950.
[10] Nicholas H T, Ⅲ, Samueli H, Kim B. An Analysis of the Output Spectrum of Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizer in the Presence of Phase Accumulator Trunction. Proceedings of 41st Annual Frequency Control Symposium. 1987. 495～502
[11] 王育红，张厥盛．直接数字式频率合成器DDS的谱质研究：[硕士学位论文]．西安：电子科技大学，2003
[12] G. W. Kent, Neng-Huang Sheng. A high purity high speed direct digital synthesizer. IEEE Proc. AFCS, 1995: 207～211.
[13] L.Schunchman. Dither signals and their effect on quantization noise. IEEE Trans.on communication technology, 1964.12: 162～165
[14] 张厥盛，郑继禹，万心平．锁相技术．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社．1994
[15] Dean Banerjee.PLL Performance,Simulation, and Design.National Semiconductor, 3rd Edition, 2003
[16] 陈世伟．锁相环原理及应用．兵器工业出版社．1990年6月
[17] Galani Zvi, Campbell Richard. An over view of frequency synthesizers for radars. IEEE Trans-MTT, 1991, 39(5): 782～790
[18] 费元春，苏广川，米红，等．宽带雷达信号产生技术．北京：国防工业出版社，2002
[19] 房治国．低噪声低杂散微波捷变频率源研究：[硕士学位论文]．成都：电子科技大学，2004
[20] Yang Yumei, Zhang Yuxin, Zhou Zheng'ou. High spectrum purity signal source applied in X-band radar frequency criterion generator. 2001 CIE International Conference on Proceedings, 912-915
[21] 刘晓辉，范勋，李少谦．超高速跳频频率合成器的设计．电子科技大学学报，Vol．32，No．50，Oct．2003
[22] 刘光辉，唐小宏．DDS阵列频率源技术研究．电子科技大学学报，Vol．33，No．4，Aug．2004
[23] Analog Device Inc. AD9852-CMOS, 300MHz Complet DDS Synthesizer. Technical Data Sheet, 2000.
[24] Analog Device Inc, RF PLL Frequency Synthesizers, ADF4113 Technical Data Sheet, 2000
[25] Mini-Circuits Inc. ROS-3000V, Technical Data sheet
[26] Texas Instruments Inc. Tms320LF2407A DSP Controllers. July 2000
[27] Maddy, S.L. Phase-looked Loop The Electrical Engineering Handbook. CRC Press LLC, 2000
[28] 王幸之，王雷，瞿成，等．单片机应用系统抗干扰技术．北京：京航空航天大学出版社，2000
[29] 清华大学微带电路编写组．微带电路．北京：人民邮电出版社．1975
[2] 郝巨盺．高纯频谱DDS—PLL线性跳频频率合成器的研制：[硕士学位论文]．成都：电子科技大学，2004
[3] 刘光辉．并行DDS线性跳频频率合成源的研制：[硕士学位论文]．成都：电子科技大学，2004
[4] J. Tierney, C. M. Rader, B. Gold. A Digital Frequency Synthesizer. IEEE Transactions on Audio and Electroacoustics, March 1971, Vol.AU-19, NO.1: 48-57
[5] 高泽溪，高延燕．DDS+PLL技术与应用．电子技术应用．1997(9)39～41
[6] 安建平．DDS/PLL频率合成技术的研究：[博士学位论文]．北京：北京理工大学，2004
[7]] Rick Cushing. A Technical Tutorial on Digital Signal Synthesis. Analog Devices, Inc. 1999
[8] 白居宪．低噪声频率合成．西安：西安交通大学出版社．1995
[9] J.Vankka. Methods of mapping from phase to sine amplitude in direct digital synthesis. IEEE Proc.50 AFCS, 1996: 942～950.
[10] Nicholas H T, Ⅲ, Samueli H, Kim B. An Analysis of the Output Spectrum of Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizer in the Presence of Phase Accumulator Trunction. Proceedings of 41st Annual Frequency Control Symposium. 1987. 495～502
[11] 王育红，张厥盛．直接数字式频率合成器DDS的谱质研究：[硕士学位论文]．西安：电子科技大学，2003
[12] G. W. Kent, Neng-Huang Sheng. A high purity high speed direct digital synthesizer. IEEE Proc. AFCS, 1995: 207～211.
[13] L.Schunchman. Dither signals and their effect on quantization noise. IEEE Trans.on communication technology, 1964.12: 162～165
[14] 张厥盛，郑继禹，万心平．锁相技术．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社．1994
[15] Dean Banerjee.PLL Performance,Simulation, and Design.National Semiconductor, 3rd Edition, 2003
[16] 陈世伟．锁相环原理及应用．兵器工业出版社．1990年6月
[17] Galani Zvi, Campbell Richard. An over view of frequency synthesizers for radars. IEEE Trans-MTT, 1991, 39(5): 782～790
[18] 费元春，苏广川，米红，等．宽带雷达信号产生技术．北京：国防工业出版社，2002
[19] 房治国．低噪声低杂散微波捷变频率源研究：[硕士学位论文]．成都：电子科技大学，2004
[20] Yang Yumei, Zhang Yuxin, Zhou Zheng'ou. High spectrum purity signal source applied in X-band radar frequency criterion generator. 2001 CIE International Conference on Proceedings, 912-915
[21] 刘晓辉，范勋，李少谦．超高速跳频频率合成器的设计．电子科技大学学报，Vol．32，No．50，Oct．2003
[22] 刘光辉，唐小宏．DDS阵列频率源技术研究．电子科技大学学报，Vol．33，No．4，Aug．2004
[23] Analog Device Inc. AD9852-CMOS, 300MHz Complet DDS Synthesizer. Technical Data Sheet, 2000.
[24] Analog Device Inc, RF PLL Frequency Synthesizers, ADF4113 Technical Data Sheet, 2000
[25] Mini-Circuits Inc. ROS-3000V, Technical Data sheet
[26] Texas Instruments Inc. Tms320LF2407A DSP Controllers. July 2000
[27] Maddy, S.L. Phase-looked Loop The Electrical Engineering Handbook. CRC Press LLC, 2000
[28] 王幸之，王雷，瞿成，等．单片机应用系统抗干扰技术．北京：京航空航天大学出版社，2000
[29] 清华大学微带电路编写组．微带电路．北京：人民邮电出版社．1975