指纹识别技术的研究与应用
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摘要
随着时代的发展，社会越来越需要高效、可靠的身份识别系统。传统的个人身份鉴别手段如钥匙、口令、密码、身份证件，甚至IC卡等识别方式，由于它们具有可假冒、可伪造、可盗用、可破译的弱点，已不能完全满足现代社会经济活动和社会安全防范的需要。
随着识别技术的不断成熟和计算机技术的飞速发展，各种基于人体生理特征的身份识别系统如：指纹、手掌、声音、视网膜、瞳孔和面纹等识别技术纷纷从实验室中走出来。目前，从实用的角度看，指纹识别技术是优于其它生物识别技术的身份鉴别方法。并且指纹作为身份鉴定的手段具有悠久的历史，在司法领域一致被尊称为“物证之首”，其良好的稳定性和唯一性使准确鉴定身份成为可能并变成现实。
本文从指纹识别技术的基本原理入手，介绍了指纹识别的全过程，包括指纹图像的获取、图像预处理、图像的特征提取以及图像的特征对比方法(如：传统的模式识别匹配算法)。本文还描绘了自动指纹识别系统的构建过程及其工作模式。随后，本文结合指纹识别系统在中国工商银行的具体应用的项目，介绍了指纹识别系统在银行应用中的架构、应用系统的各组成部分和功能及其产生的效益。最后，本文谈到了在银行指纹识别系统开发中关键的几个环节和自身的体验。
With the development of our society, the recognition system of identification with high efficiency and reliability is becoming a great demand. The traditional means, such as key, password, cryptogram, ID card and even IC card, have fallen behind the needs of economic activity and social security. This is because that they would be forgeable, falsifiable, stolen or decodable.
Fortunately, the rapid improvements of recognition and computer technologies have brought the biometric recognition technology, like recognition of fingerprint, palm, voice, iris, face, into actual use. Among these novel technologies, fingerprint recognition is superior to others. Because different people have different fingerprints and their fingerprints keep unchanged all the life, fingerprint recognition is undoubtedly accurate and reliable. In addition, as many up-to-date algorithms for fingerprint recognition are very fast and accurate, they can be definitely commercialized.
This paper includes five chapters. Chapter one is focused on the basic theories of fingerprint recognition. In this Chapter, the author mainly states the digital image processing and drawing the eigenvalue of fingerprint's image. Chapter two addresses in details the algorithm of matching in fingerprint technology. The author also mentions some basic conception of pattern recognition. Chapter three presents the auto fingerprint recognition system. Chapter four states the management system of fingerprint in the Bank. That is the innovative use. The last Chapter describes the writer's experience in developing the fingerprint recognition system.
随着识别技术的不断成熟和计算机技术的飞速发展，各种基于人体生理特征的身份识别系统如：指纹、手掌、声音、视网膜、瞳孔和面纹等识别技术纷纷从实验室中走出来。目前，从实用的角度看，指纹识别技术是优于其它生物识别技术的身份鉴别方法。并且指纹作为身份鉴定的手段具有悠久的历史，在司法领域一致被尊称为“物证之首”，其良好的稳定性和唯一性使准确鉴定身份成为可能并变成现实。
本文从指纹识别技术的基本原理入手，介绍了指纹识别的全过程，包括指纹图像的获取、图像预处理、图像的特征提取以及图像的特征对比方法(如：传统的模式识别匹配算法)。本文还描绘了自动指纹识别系统的构建过程及其工作模式。随后，本文结合指纹识别系统在中国工商银行的具体应用的项目，介绍了指纹识别系统在银行应用中的架构、应用系统的各组成部分和功能及其产生的效益。最后，本文谈到了在银行指纹识别系统开发中关键的几个环节和自身的体验。
With the development of our society, the recognition system of identification with high efficiency and reliability is becoming a great demand. The traditional means, such as key, password, cryptogram, ID card and even IC card, have fallen behind the needs of economic activity and social security. This is because that they would be forgeable, falsifiable, stolen or decodable.
Fortunately, the rapid improvements of recognition and computer technologies have brought the biometric recognition technology, like recognition of fingerprint, palm, voice, iris, face, into actual use. Among these novel technologies, fingerprint recognition is superior to others. Because different people have different fingerprints and their fingerprints keep unchanged all the life, fingerprint recognition is undoubtedly accurate and reliable. In addition, as many up-to-date algorithms for fingerprint recognition are very fast and accurate, they can be definitely commercialized.
This paper includes five chapters. Chapter one is focused on the basic theories of fingerprint recognition. In this Chapter, the author mainly states the digital image processing and drawing the eigenvalue of fingerprint's image. Chapter two addresses in details the algorithm of matching in fingerprint technology. The author also mentions some basic conception of pattern recognition. Chapter three presents the auto fingerprint recognition system. Chapter four states the management system of fingerprint in the Bank. That is the innovative use. The last Chapter describes the writer's experience in developing the fingerprint recognition system.
引文
1、李月景 编著 图像识别技术及其应用 北京：机械工业出版社 1985
2、章毓晋 编著 图像处理和分析基础 北京：高等教育出版社 2002．7
3、李树涛 毛建旭 编著 计算机图像处理与识别技术 北京：高等教育出版社 2001．6
4、霍宏涛 林小竹 编著 数字图像处理 北京：北京理工大学出版社 2002．9
5、田捷 沙飞 编著 实用图像分析与处理技术 北京：电子工业出版社 1995
6、李介谷 刘重庆 编著 图像处理技术 上海：上海交通大学出版社 1990
7、张大鹏 编著 模式识别与图像处理并行计算机系统识别 黑龙江：哈尔滨工业大学出版社 1998
8、康耀红 编著 数据融合理论与应用 陕西：西安电子科技大学出版社 1997
9、秦前清，杨宗凯 编著 实用小波分析 陕西：西安电子科技大学出版社 1998
10、李孝安 编著 神经网络与神经计算机导论 陕西：西北工业大学出版社 1995
11、高文，陈熙霖 编著 计算机视觉——算法与系统原理 北京：清化大学出版社 1994
12、周国清，唐晓芳，计算机视觉及应用 中国计算机用户 1996(8)：610
13、Conzalez R C. Woods R E. Digital Image Processing. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley, 1992
14、Pratt W K. Digital Image Proceessing .NY:Wiley,1991
15、Jain A K. Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing .Englewood Cliffs ,NJ: Prentice Hall ,1989
16 Qi Yuan, Jie Tian,Fingerprint Classification System with Feedback Mechanism Based on Genetic Algorithm, Proceedings of 14th ICPR, Australia, 1998.
17、Ren Qun, Tian Jie, He Yuliang, Cheng Jiangang, Automatic Fingerprint Identification Using Cluster Algorithm. 16th ICPR, Canada, 2002
18、Xiping Luo, Jie Tian , Knowledge Based Fingerprint Image Enhancement, 15th ICPR, Vol.4, P783-786,, Barcelona, 2000
19、Xiping Luo, Jie Tian and Yan Wu, A Minutia Matching algorithm in Fingerprint Verification, 15th ICPR, Vol.4, P833-836, Barcelona, 2000
20、http://www.ios.ac.cn/
2、章毓晋 编著 图像处理和分析基础 北京：高等教育出版社 2002．7
3、李树涛 毛建旭 编著 计算机图像处理与识别技术 北京：高等教育出版社 2001．6
4、霍宏涛 林小竹 编著 数字图像处理 北京：北京理工大学出版社 2002．9
5、田捷 沙飞 编著 实用图像分析与处理技术 北京：电子工业出版社 1995
6、李介谷 刘重庆 编著 图像处理技术 上海：上海交通大学出版社 1990
7、张大鹏 编著 模式识别与图像处理并行计算机系统识别 黑龙江：哈尔滨工业大学出版社 1998
8、康耀红 编著 数据融合理论与应用 陕西：西安电子科技大学出版社 1997
9、秦前清，杨宗凯 编著 实用小波分析 陕西：西安电子科技大学出版社 1998
10、李孝安 编著 神经网络与神经计算机导论 陕西：西北工业大学出版社 1995
11、高文，陈熙霖 编著 计算机视觉——算法与系统原理 北京：清化大学出版社 1994
12、周国清，唐晓芳，计算机视觉及应用 中国计算机用户 1996(8)：610
13、Conzalez R C. Woods R E. Digital Image Processing. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley, 1992
14、Pratt W K. Digital Image Proceessing .NY:Wiley,1991
15、Jain A K. Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing .Englewood Cliffs ,NJ: Prentice Hall ,1989
16 Qi Yuan, Jie Tian,Fingerprint Classification System with Feedback Mechanism Based on Genetic Algorithm, Proceedings of 14th ICPR, Australia, 1998.
17、Ren Qun, Tian Jie, He Yuliang, Cheng Jiangang, Automatic Fingerprint Identification Using Cluster Algorithm. 16th ICPR, Canada, 2002
18、Xiping Luo, Jie Tian , Knowledge Based Fingerprint Image Enhancement, 15th ICPR, Vol.4, P783-786,, Barcelona, 2000
19、Xiping Luo, Jie Tian and Yan Wu, A Minutia Matching algorithm in Fingerprint Verification, 15th ICPR, Vol.4, P833-836, Barcelona, 2000
20、http://www.ios.ac.cn/