机动车强制责任保险立法研究
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摘要
现代汽车工业文明在给人类生活带来便利的同时,也使得行人和非机动车驾驶人因机动车交通事故而遭受人身及财产上的巨大损失。机动车强制责任保险作为保护交通事故中的受害人和为社会大众提供及时保护的商业保险制度,在当今社会日益受到各国高度重视。
本文以比较法为视角,首先介绍机动车强制责任保险的立法概况,然后,分别介绍了英国、德国、美国、日本、我国台湾地区的机动车强制责任保险的立法沿革和立法特点。上述域外国家及我国台湾地区的非寿保收入在全球非寿险市场上占据了相当大的比重,保险立法已经较为成熟,对我国机动车强制责任保险立法具有一定的可借鉴性。通过对域外国家及我国台湾地区机动车强制责任保险立法的介绍,用发展的眼光审视机动车强制责任保险立法背景,总结其立法特点,使得我们能够对机动车强制责任保险立法有更深刻的理解。最后,介绍及分析我国机动车强制责任保险的立法沿革、特点及立法之检讨,以期为健全我国机动车强制责任保险法提出建设性的意见和参考。
The motor vehicle widespread application caused humanity's life to have the unprecedented change, which reducing people's contact space and raising people's general efficiency, it let the world to be smaller, and provides a strong boost for the high speed development of the economic society's in various countries. When the production and popularization of Vehicle motor brings unprecedentedly convenient to the humanity, it also causes the humanity to withstand the unprecedented latent threat. In many countries, the traffic accident has become threatens and hidden danger to the people personal safety and the property security, which has created the massive loss for the development of economy.
At present, the majority country and the area have already to use law article's form to stipulate the Motor vehicle compulsion liability insurance system. Motor Vehicle Compulsory Liability Insurance Laws is an efficient path which passing through a long time to protect the third person suffering injury in the traffic accident in various countries. Various countries' practice proved: The motor vehicle compulsion liability insurance can effectively spread the compensate risk causes by the traffic accident, and moreover can be advantageous in protects victim's legitimate rights and interests. Motor vehicle compulsion liability insurance laws in our country are late, many experiences of other countries and the area are worth us studying and using for reference. Unifies our country concrete national condition, carrying on the thorough discussion to the theory of system of vehicle compulsion liability insurance is one practice significance work.
This article is composed of the introduction and four main parts. The introduction includes the background, the value, overseas research results until now, the main content and method of the topic researched in this paper. In the end of the introduction, it argues the innovation and insufficient.
The first part is the introduction of the insurance system. First, what is motor vehicle liability insurance? Motor vehicle is the key factor in the traffic accidents, so the exact conception of motor vehicle is important to understand the system; Secondly, the insurance is public welfare which is compulsory and compensated to the third. Next, the compensation involves the pre-accident compensation and the post-accident compensation. The pre-accident compensation benefits the improvement of traffic safety awareness and the development of the insurance and auto industry, the related research as well; the post-accident compensation offers the compensation to the victim in time and shares the rick with the insurant. Last, the paper analyses the basic legal relationship of the insurance. The legal positions of the clients concerned are different, so their legal obligations are different.
The second part is the comparison of the motor vehicle compulsory insurance in some overseas countries and region, which are Britain, Germany, the USA, Japan and China Taiwan. The compare involves the history of this kind of insurance in these overseas countries and China Taiwan from a perspective of legislation, which results in a better understand of current legislation in the country/region and gives references to China.
The third part is the motor vehicle insurance of legislation in China. The system in China is developing with the promulgation of Insurance Law, Traffic Safety Law and regulations. First, the principle of the regulations is considering liability for fault and strict liability meanwhile with compulsoriness. However, every legislation in the field of motor vehicle insurance is intensely controversial from non-responsibility regulation to drivers is carried out because the theory base and system research of the legislation of the motor vehicle insurance are insufficient leading to misunderstand even distort. This paper sums up some faults of the motor vehicle insurance as followed:1 the benefit to public welfare is not significant;2 the market is less competitive;3 the range of insurant is fuzzy;4 the range of victim is small;5 property compensation is involved in this insurance;6 the rate and limit of this insurance are uniformly provided by the State;7 the regulation about party with the duty is fuzzy;8 the regulation of the direct request right of the third party is not to the core;9 the management of social relieving fund has less operability.
The fourth part is how to improve the system of the motor vehicle compulsory insurance in China. The paper concludes the belief and state-should-be of the motor vehicle insurance and argues the solutions of the faults mentioned in the third part with the actual situation in China for the purpose of improving the insurance relieving system to the traffic accident victims.
本文以比较法为视角,首先介绍机动车强制责任保险的立法概况,然后,分别介绍了英国、德国、美国、日本、我国台湾地区的机动车强制责任保险的立法沿革和立法特点。上述域外国家及我国台湾地区的非寿保收入在全球非寿险市场上占据了相当大的比重,保险立法已经较为成熟,对我国机动车强制责任保险立法具有一定的可借鉴性。通过对域外国家及我国台湾地区机动车强制责任保险立法的介绍,用发展的眼光审视机动车强制责任保险立法背景,总结其立法特点,使得我们能够对机动车强制责任保险立法有更深刻的理解。最后,介绍及分析我国机动车强制责任保险的立法沿革、特点及立法之检讨,以期为健全我国机动车强制责任保险法提出建设性的意见和参考。
The motor vehicle widespread application caused humanity's life to have the unprecedented change, which reducing people's contact space and raising people's general efficiency, it let the world to be smaller, and provides a strong boost for the high speed development of the economic society's in various countries. When the production and popularization of Vehicle motor brings unprecedentedly convenient to the humanity, it also causes the humanity to withstand the unprecedented latent threat. In many countries, the traffic accident has become threatens and hidden danger to the people personal safety and the property security, which has created the massive loss for the development of economy.
At present, the majority country and the area have already to use law article's form to stipulate the Motor vehicle compulsion liability insurance system. Motor Vehicle Compulsory Liability Insurance Laws is an efficient path which passing through a long time to protect the third person suffering injury in the traffic accident in various countries. Various countries' practice proved: The motor vehicle compulsion liability insurance can effectively spread the compensate risk causes by the traffic accident, and moreover can be advantageous in protects victim's legitimate rights and interests. Motor vehicle compulsion liability insurance laws in our country are late, many experiences of other countries and the area are worth us studying and using for reference. Unifies our country concrete national condition, carrying on the thorough discussion to the theory of system of vehicle compulsion liability insurance is one practice significance work.
This article is composed of the introduction and four main parts. The introduction includes the background, the value, overseas research results until now, the main content and method of the topic researched in this paper. In the end of the introduction, it argues the innovation and insufficient.
The first part is the introduction of the insurance system. First, what is motor vehicle liability insurance? Motor vehicle is the key factor in the traffic accidents, so the exact conception of motor vehicle is important to understand the system; Secondly, the insurance is public welfare which is compulsory and compensated to the third. Next, the compensation involves the pre-accident compensation and the post-accident compensation. The pre-accident compensation benefits the improvement of traffic safety awareness and the development of the insurance and auto industry, the related research as well; the post-accident compensation offers the compensation to the victim in time and shares the rick with the insurant. Last, the paper analyses the basic legal relationship of the insurance. The legal positions of the clients concerned are different, so their legal obligations are different.
The second part is the comparison of the motor vehicle compulsory insurance in some overseas countries and region, which are Britain, Germany, the USA, Japan and China Taiwan. The compare involves the history of this kind of insurance in these overseas countries and China Taiwan from a perspective of legislation, which results in a better understand of current legislation in the country/region and gives references to China.
The third part is the motor vehicle insurance of legislation in China. The system in China is developing with the promulgation of Insurance Law, Traffic Safety Law and regulations. First, the principle of the regulations is considering liability for fault and strict liability meanwhile with compulsoriness. However, every legislation in the field of motor vehicle insurance is intensely controversial from non-responsibility regulation to drivers is carried out because the theory base and system research of the legislation of the motor vehicle insurance are insufficient leading to misunderstand even distort. This paper sums up some faults of the motor vehicle insurance as followed:1 the benefit to public welfare is not significant;2 the market is less competitive;3 the range of insurant is fuzzy;4 the range of victim is small;5 property compensation is involved in this insurance;6 the rate and limit of this insurance are uniformly provided by the State;7 the regulation about party with the duty is fuzzy;8 the regulation of the direct request right of the third party is not to the core;9 the management of social relieving fund has less operability.
The fourth part is how to improve the system of the motor vehicle compulsory insurance in China. The paper concludes the belief and state-should-be of the motor vehicle insurance and argues the solutions of the faults mentioned in the third part with the actual situation in China for the purpose of improving the insurance relieving system to the traffic accident victims.
引文
1.李青武:《机动车责任强制保险制度研究》,法律出版社2010年版,第13页。
2.江朝国:《强制汽车责任保险》,中国政法大学出版社2006年版,第51页。
3.张新宝、陈飞:《机动车第三者责任强制保险制度研究报告》,法律出版社2005年版,第63页。
4.江朝国:《强制汽车责任保险法》,中国政法大学出版社2006年版,第209页。
5.赵明昕:《机动车第三者责任强制保险的利益平衡问题研究》,《现代法学》2005年第4期,第160页。
6.邹海林:《责任保险论》,法律出版社1999年版,第34页。
7.转引自陈顾远:《保险法概论》,台湾中正书局印行1977年版,第49页。
8.转引自邹海林:《论保险利益原则及其适用》,《中外法学》1996年第5期,第31页。
9.转引自江朝国:《强制汽车责任保险法》,台湾智胜文化事业有限公司1999年版,第147页。
10.江朝国:《强制汽车责任保险法》,中国政法大学出版社2006年版,第240页。
11.郭左践主编:《机动车强制责任保险制度比较研究》,中国财政经济出版社2008年版,第78页。
12.参见郭左践主编:《机动车强制责任保险制度比较研究》,中国财政经济出版社2008年版,第169页。
13.江朝国:《强制汽车责任保险法》,中国政法大学出版社2006年版,第88页。
14.江朝国:《强制汽车责任保险法》,中国政法大学出版社2006年版,第62页。
15.江朝国:《强制汽车责任保险法》,中国政法大学出版社2006年版,第150页。
16.郭左践主编:《机动车强制责任保险制度比较研究》,中国财政经济出版社2008年版,第187页。
17.江朝国:《强制汽车责任保险法》,中国政法大学2006年版,第234页。
18.江朝国:《强制汽车责任保险法》,中国政法大学出版社2006年版,第206页。
19.郭左践主编:《机动车强制责任保险制度比较研究》,中国财政经济出版社2008年版,第33页。
20.江朝国:《强制汽车责任保险法》,中国政法大学2006年版,第97页。
21.郭左践主编:《机动车强制责任保险制度比较研究》,中国财政经济出版社2008年版,第60页。
1.江朝国:《强制汽车责任保险法》,中国政法大学出版社2006年版。
2.江朝国:《保险法基础理论》,中国政法大学出版社2002年版。
3.李青武:《机动车责任强制保险制度研究》,法律出版社2010年版。
4.郭左践主编:《机动车强制责任保险制度比较研究》,中国财政经济出版社2008年版。
5.袁宗蔚:《保险学——危险与保险》,首都经济贸易大学出版社2000年版。
6.徐卫东:《保险法学》,科学出版社2004年版。
7.邹海林:《责任保险论》,法律出版社1999年版。
8.孙祁祥:《保险法》,北京大学出版社2009年版。
9.王泽鉴:《侵权行为法》,中国政法大学出版社2001年版。
10.江朝国:《强制汽车责任保险法》,台湾智胜文化事业有限公司1999年版。
11.郭玉涛:《机动车保险法律实务》,法律出版社2006年版。
12.王灵犀、王伟主编:《机动车辆保险与理赔实务》,人民交通出版社2004年版。
13.徐旗:《一个小刺猬的保险生涯》,中国经济出版社2005年版。
14.黄华明:《风险与保险》,中国法制出版社2001年版。
15.段昆:《当代美国保险》,复旦大学出版社2001年版。
16.张新宝、陈飞:《机动车第三者责任强制保险制度研究报告》,法律出版社2005年版。
1.郇公弟:《强制却不失灵活的德国交强险》,《金融博览》2007年第8期。
2.吴睿鸫:《德国交强险制度或可借鉴》,《运输经理世界》2007年第8期。
3.谢广新:《纵观国外的汽车“交强险”》,《汽车安全》2007年第12期。
4.李若瑾:《台湾地区交强险带来的启示》,《理论研究》2007年第6期。
5.王伟、李艳:《国外机动车强制保险制度》,《长安》2007年第10期。
6.王媛:《国外强制三者险面面观》,《中国保险》2005年第9期。
7.黄学渊、陈会平:《两岸交强险主要条款比较》,《中国保险》2006年第8期。
8.杨林:《美国机动车强制保险之现状(上)》,《中国保险报》2007年11月16日第8版。
9.杨林:《美国机动车强制保险之现状(下)》,《中国保险报》2007年12月14日第8版。
10.李腾洋:《论我国交强险制度的完善》,《法学研究》2008年第9期。
11.赵明昕:《机动车第三者责任强制保险的利益衡平问题研究》,《现代法学》2005年第4期。
12.赵明昕:《中国车强险制度缺陷及完善》,《中国法律》2007年第4期。
13.曾广林、曾昭志:《过渡期的“三责险”与“交强险”之探讨》,《人民法院报》2006年8月16日第4版。
14.邹海林:《论保险利益原则及其适用》,《中外法学》1996年第5期。
2.江朝国:《强制汽车责任保险》,中国政法大学出版社2006年版,第51页。
3.张新宝、陈飞:《机动车第三者责任强制保险制度研究报告》,法律出版社2005年版,第63页。
4.江朝国:《强制汽车责任保险法》,中国政法大学出版社2006年版,第209页。
5.赵明昕:《机动车第三者责任强制保险的利益平衡问题研究》,《现代法学》2005年第4期,第160页。
6.邹海林:《责任保险论》,法律出版社1999年版,第34页。
7.转引自陈顾远:《保险法概论》,台湾中正书局印行1977年版,第49页。
8.转引自邹海林:《论保险利益原则及其适用》,《中外法学》1996年第5期,第31页。
9.转引自江朝国:《强制汽车责任保险法》,台湾智胜文化事业有限公司1999年版,第147页。
10.江朝国:《强制汽车责任保险法》,中国政法大学出版社2006年版,第240页。
11.郭左践主编:《机动车强制责任保险制度比较研究》,中国财政经济出版社2008年版,第78页。
12.参见郭左践主编:《机动车强制责任保险制度比较研究》,中国财政经济出版社2008年版,第169页。
13.江朝国:《强制汽车责任保险法》,中国政法大学出版社2006年版,第88页。
14.江朝国:《强制汽车责任保险法》,中国政法大学出版社2006年版,第62页。
15.江朝国:《强制汽车责任保险法》,中国政法大学出版社2006年版,第150页。
16.郭左践主编:《机动车强制责任保险制度比较研究》,中国财政经济出版社2008年版,第187页。
17.江朝国:《强制汽车责任保险法》,中国政法大学2006年版,第234页。
18.江朝国:《强制汽车责任保险法》,中国政法大学出版社2006年版,第206页。
19.郭左践主编:《机动车强制责任保险制度比较研究》,中国财政经济出版社2008年版,第33页。
20.江朝国:《强制汽车责任保险法》,中国政法大学2006年版,第97页。
21.郭左践主编:《机动车强制责任保险制度比较研究》,中国财政经济出版社2008年版,第60页。
1.江朝国:《强制汽车责任保险法》,中国政法大学出版社2006年版。
2.江朝国:《保险法基础理论》,中国政法大学出版社2002年版。
3.李青武:《机动车责任强制保险制度研究》,法律出版社2010年版。
4.郭左践主编:《机动车强制责任保险制度比较研究》,中国财政经济出版社2008年版。
5.袁宗蔚:《保险学——危险与保险》,首都经济贸易大学出版社2000年版。
6.徐卫东:《保险法学》,科学出版社2004年版。
7.邹海林:《责任保险论》,法律出版社1999年版。
8.孙祁祥:《保险法》,北京大学出版社2009年版。
9.王泽鉴:《侵权行为法》,中国政法大学出版社2001年版。
10.江朝国:《强制汽车责任保险法》,台湾智胜文化事业有限公司1999年版。
11.郭玉涛:《机动车保险法律实务》,法律出版社2006年版。
12.王灵犀、王伟主编:《机动车辆保险与理赔实务》,人民交通出版社2004年版。
13.徐旗:《一个小刺猬的保险生涯》,中国经济出版社2005年版。
14.黄华明:《风险与保险》,中国法制出版社2001年版。
15.段昆:《当代美国保险》,复旦大学出版社2001年版。
16.张新宝、陈飞:《机动车第三者责任强制保险制度研究报告》,法律出版社2005年版。
1.郇公弟:《强制却不失灵活的德国交强险》,《金融博览》2007年第8期。
2.吴睿鸫:《德国交强险制度或可借鉴》,《运输经理世界》2007年第8期。
3.谢广新:《纵观国外的汽车“交强险”》,《汽车安全》2007年第12期。
4.李若瑾:《台湾地区交强险带来的启示》,《理论研究》2007年第6期。
5.王伟、李艳:《国外机动车强制保险制度》,《长安》2007年第10期。
6.王媛:《国外强制三者险面面观》,《中国保险》2005年第9期。
7.黄学渊、陈会平:《两岸交强险主要条款比较》,《中国保险》2006年第8期。
8.杨林:《美国机动车强制保险之现状(上)》,《中国保险报》2007年11月16日第8版。
9.杨林:《美国机动车强制保险之现状(下)》,《中国保险报》2007年12月14日第8版。
10.李腾洋:《论我国交强险制度的完善》,《法学研究》2008年第9期。
11.赵明昕:《机动车第三者责任强制保险的利益衡平问题研究》,《现代法学》2005年第4期。
12.赵明昕:《中国车强险制度缺陷及完善》,《中国法律》2007年第4期。
13.曾广林、曾昭志:《过渡期的“三责险”与“交强险”之探讨》,《人民法院报》2006年8月16日第4版。
14.邹海林:《论保险利益原则及其适用》,《中外法学》1996年第5期。