典型机电产品节能降耗设计的能量流建模、优化与应用
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摘要
节能降耗是当今社会可持续发展的重要内容。虽然在产品设计阶段考虑节能降耗的理念已经得到企业的认可，但已有的一些节能降耗设计方法和单元技术在产品详细设计阶段遇到节能降耗设计目标与产品的性能发生冲突时很难给出有效的指导，使得节能降耗设计技术得不到充分应用。能量是节能降耗设计的关键因素，同时也是机电产品性能实现的重要保证，产品性能实现过程中合理的能量流动和分配可以在充分保证产品性能实现的基础上尽可能的减少能源资源的浪费，实现节能降耗设计目标与性能保证之间的有效平衡。因此，针对典型机电产品开展基于能量流分析的节能降耗设计方法研究具有重要意义和实用价值。
本文首先提出了面向能量流分析的性能表达及性能约束域分解方法，限定了能流分析方法所适用的性能约束范围并实现性能定性描述向定量设计指标的转化。引入了能量流元（EFE）作为能量流分析的基本对象，并对其建模过程中涉及到的三个关键环节——能量流元划分，接口描述以及能量变化状态确定进行了方法分析。利用能量流元间的接口关系及能量变化状态可定性分析机电产品各零部件的承载能力以及对性能的影响方式，为解决性能实现与节能降耗设计冲突奠定了理论基础。
在能量流分析模型的基础上提出了性能关重度和性能富余度两个指标用于定量分析性能实现过程中能量变化及分配关系对最终性能实现的影响。结合关注零部件筛选结果提出了基于数值计算和实验数据回归分析的性能关重度计算方法。通过对产品期望能量配比的分析，给出了承载零部件的性能富余度计算模型。综合考虑性能关重度和富余度计算结果，提出了基于能量流分析的冲突消解准则，为实现典型机电产品节能降耗设计与性能保证之间的冲突解决提供方法保证。
以分体式空调外机风道系统和SUV汽车车架作为研究对象，利用能量流分析模型对各自冲突问题进行了建模表达和求解，给出了优化解决方案，实现了产品在满足性能要求下的风道系统能效提高和车架轻量化设计，并开发了面向能量流分析的节能降耗设计支持系统，在验证方法有效性的同时，为基于能量流分析的节能降耗设计方法在企业实际应用提供了工具支持。
Energy and materials saving has become the important content ofsustainable development in the current society. The concept that using theenergy and material saving method and technology in design stage has beenaccepted by most of the enterprises, but the energy saving method can’t beutilized fully because the conflict often exists between the energy savingmeasure and performance achievement, the current design for energy savingsystem can’t conduct to solve the conflict effectively. As the key factor ofenergy saving design, energy is also an important guarantee for the performanceachievement. Reasonable energy flow and distribution can reduce the energyand resource consumption as much as possible, meanwhile the productperformance achievement can be fully guaranteed, the energy saving measureand performance achievement can be balanced effectively. Therefore,researching on energy and material saving of typical electromechanical productsbased on the energy flow analysis has important significance and practicalvalue.
At first, the performance expression and constraint decomposition forenergy flow analysis is proposed in this dissertation to limit the applicable scopeof the energy flow analysis method, and also the performance constraint can betransformed from the qualitative performance description to quantitativeindicators. Energy flow element (EFE) is introduced as the basic object ofenergy flow analysis model, and its modeling process involves three key factorswhich are energy flow element partition, interface description, and energychange state analysis. The carrying capacity and performance influence style ofcomponents can be qualitatively achieved by analyzing the interface relationsand energy change states between different energy flow elements, which are thetheoretical foundation to address the conflict between the performanceconstraint and energy saving design measures.
Based on the energy flow analysis model, two indicators of performancepertinence (PP) and performance margin (PM) are proposed to quantitatively analyze the effect of energy change and distribution for the final performanceachievement. PP of component can be modeled by the numerical calculation andregression analysis of experimental data with the result of concerned partsselection. Calculation model of PM can be achieved by the analysis of expectedenergy distribution ratio. Considering the calculation results of PP and PMsynthetically, the conflict solution guideline based on energy flow analysis ispresented, which provides a method guarantee for the solution of conflict.
The air duct system of split air-conditioner’s outdoor unit and vehicleframe of SUV are selected as the research objects, and their own conflictproblems are expressed and modeled by the energy flow analysis method. Basedon the energy flow analysis and calculation results, optimal solutions for the twoproducts are proposed to improve the energy efficiency of duct system andlightweight the vehicle frame with their own performance constraint, which alsoverifies that the method is effective. The software system for energy flowanalysis is developed to provide the tool for practical application of the energyflow method in the enterprise.
本文首先提出了面向能量流分析的性能表达及性能约束域分解方法，限定了能流分析方法所适用的性能约束范围并实现性能定性描述向定量设计指标的转化。引入了能量流元（EFE）作为能量流分析的基本对象，并对其建模过程中涉及到的三个关键环节——能量流元划分，接口描述以及能量变化状态确定进行了方法分析。利用能量流元间的接口关系及能量变化状态可定性分析机电产品各零部件的承载能力以及对性能的影响方式，为解决性能实现与节能降耗设计冲突奠定了理论基础。
在能量流分析模型的基础上提出了性能关重度和性能富余度两个指标用于定量分析性能实现过程中能量变化及分配关系对最终性能实现的影响。结合关注零部件筛选结果提出了基于数值计算和实验数据回归分析的性能关重度计算方法。通过对产品期望能量配比的分析，给出了承载零部件的性能富余度计算模型。综合考虑性能关重度和富余度计算结果，提出了基于能量流分析的冲突消解准则，为实现典型机电产品节能降耗设计与性能保证之间的冲突解决提供方法保证。
以分体式空调外机风道系统和SUV汽车车架作为研究对象，利用能量流分析模型对各自冲突问题进行了建模表达和求解，给出了优化解决方案，实现了产品在满足性能要求下的风道系统能效提高和车架轻量化设计，并开发了面向能量流分析的节能降耗设计支持系统，在验证方法有效性的同时，为基于能量流分析的节能降耗设计方法在企业实际应用提供了工具支持。
Energy and materials saving has become the important content ofsustainable development in the current society. The concept that using theenergy and material saving method and technology in design stage has beenaccepted by most of the enterprises, but the energy saving method can’t beutilized fully because the conflict often exists between the energy savingmeasure and performance achievement, the current design for energy savingsystem can’t conduct to solve the conflict effectively. As the key factor ofenergy saving design, energy is also an important guarantee for the performanceachievement. Reasonable energy flow and distribution can reduce the energyand resource consumption as much as possible, meanwhile the productperformance achievement can be fully guaranteed, the energy saving measureand performance achievement can be balanced effectively. Therefore,researching on energy and material saving of typical electromechanical productsbased on the energy flow analysis has important significance and practicalvalue.
At first, the performance expression and constraint decomposition forenergy flow analysis is proposed in this dissertation to limit the applicable scopeof the energy flow analysis method, and also the performance constraint can betransformed from the qualitative performance description to quantitativeindicators. Energy flow element (EFE) is introduced as the basic object ofenergy flow analysis model, and its modeling process involves three key factorswhich are energy flow element partition, interface description, and energychange state analysis. The carrying capacity and performance influence style ofcomponents can be qualitatively achieved by analyzing the interface relationsand energy change states between different energy flow elements, which are thetheoretical foundation to address the conflict between the performanceconstraint and energy saving design measures.
Based on the energy flow analysis model, two indicators of performancepertinence (PP) and performance margin (PM) are proposed to quantitatively analyze the effect of energy change and distribution for the final performanceachievement. PP of component can be modeled by the numerical calculation andregression analysis of experimental data with the result of concerned partsselection. Calculation model of PM can be achieved by the analysis of expectedenergy distribution ratio. Considering the calculation results of PP and PMsynthetically, the conflict solution guideline based on energy flow analysis ispresented, which provides a method guarantee for the solution of conflict.
The air duct system of split air-conditioner’s outdoor unit and vehicleframe of SUV are selected as the research objects, and their own conflictproblems are expressed and modeled by the energy flow analysis method. Basedon the energy flow analysis and calculation results, optimal solutions for the twoproducts are proposed to improve the energy efficiency of duct system andlightweight the vehicle frame with their own performance constraint, which alsoverifies that the method is effective. The software system for energy flowanalysis is developed to provide the tool for practical application of the energyflow method in the enterprise.
引文
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