客运专线固定设备综合维修管理模式研究
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摘要
随着我国客运专线的相继建成,运营里程不断增加,其固定设备的养护维修工作规模和重要性不断增加。研究适合我国客运专线固定设备综合维修的管理模式和组织机构已经成为一个日益重要的课题。
以往对客运专线固定设备综合维修管体系的研究主要依据我国铁路管理体制的特点、未来的建设规模、维修生产作业效率等因素,结合感性的设计经验得出最后的方案。本文则首次以现代企业理论的方法和技术为基础,通过借鉴国外高速铁路的综合维修体系,结合国情、路情,研究了我国客运专线综合维修管理体系的设计。
业务流程分析是管理体系设计的基础,本文首先引入业务流程理论中有关竞争优先级、流程结构、顾客参与等概念；接着从国内铁路维修管理、固定设备分类、综合检测和核心业务流程等方面阐述了我国客运专线综合维修的业务流程；并应用业务流程理论分析了综合维修作业流程的特点：低成本竞争优先级、批量流程结构、低顾客参与度、资源柔性低和资本密集度高。
检修关系是综合维修管理体系设计首先需要考虑的问题。本文试图应用交易成本经济学理论从一个新的角度来比较检修分离和检修合一方案。在简要介绍交易成本相关概念的基础上,针对我国铁路现有体制的实际情况,从资产专用性和不确定性出发,对比分析了检修分离和检修合一两个方案的平均生产成本和平均交易成本,最终提出了在检修合并的基础上引入检测质量监督中心的管理模式。
在检修合一的模式下,本文应用组织行为学的理论分析了综合维修组织机构设置中的技术核心、技术支持、行政支持、高层管理和中层管理的构成,组织机构设置是服务于综合维修低成本竞争战略目的的。根据我国铁路客运专线的中长期规划,以及设备和人员的作业时间安排、作业能力,本文又进一步研究了综合维修的生产力布局问题：包括综合维修中心、车间、工区的布点和检测维修装备的配置。
最后,本文从信息成本的角度分析了综合维修管理信息系统建设的必要性和重要意义,并提出了信息系统的总体架构。
With the progress of China Railway High-speed'(CRH) construction, the length of CRH line has been increased continuously, the importance and workload of fixed equipment comprehensive maintenance have been increased at the same time. It has become a important topic to study the management architecture of CRH's comprehensive maintenance.
Based on the theory of modern enterprise, this paper study the management architecture of CRH's comprehensive maintenance by borrowing JN and DB railway's experiences and by combining CRH's characteristics.
Business process analysis is the prerequisite of management architecture design. In this paper, some conceptions such as competition prioprity, process structure and customer contact from business process theory are introduced at first, and then CRH comprehensive maintenance business process has been described in terms of China railway fiexed equipment maintenance management, fixed equipment types, comprehensive detection, key business process and so on, finally the characteristics of comprehensive maintenance has been given as follows:low-cost competitions prioprity, batch process, low customer contactness, low flexibility of process resource, and high density of process capital.
The relation between detection and maintenance is the first consideration to design comprephensive maintenance management architecture. In this paper, two architectures (one separates detection from maintenance, the other integrates detection and maintenance) are compared in the view of transaction costs economics. At first some conceptions of transaction cost economics have been introduced briefly, the average production costs and average transaction costs of the separation architecture are compared with those of the integration architechure in the terms of asset exclusivity and uncertainity, lastly a novel management which add a detection quality center into the integration architecture has been brought up.
In the condition of integration of detection and maintenance, in this paper, organization behavior theory has been used to analyze the technology kernel, technology support, administration support, high level management and middle level management of the comprephensive maintenance center. The organization structure serves the low costs competition strategy of comprephensive maintenance center.
以往对客运专线固定设备综合维修管体系的研究主要依据我国铁路管理体制的特点、未来的建设规模、维修生产作业效率等因素,结合感性的设计经验得出最后的方案。本文则首次以现代企业理论的方法和技术为基础,通过借鉴国外高速铁路的综合维修体系,结合国情、路情,研究了我国客运专线综合维修管理体系的设计。
业务流程分析是管理体系设计的基础,本文首先引入业务流程理论中有关竞争优先级、流程结构、顾客参与等概念；接着从国内铁路维修管理、固定设备分类、综合检测和核心业务流程等方面阐述了我国客运专线综合维修的业务流程；并应用业务流程理论分析了综合维修作业流程的特点：低成本竞争优先级、批量流程结构、低顾客参与度、资源柔性低和资本密集度高。
检修关系是综合维修管理体系设计首先需要考虑的问题。本文试图应用交易成本经济学理论从一个新的角度来比较检修分离和检修合一方案。在简要介绍交易成本相关概念的基础上,针对我国铁路现有体制的实际情况,从资产专用性和不确定性出发,对比分析了检修分离和检修合一两个方案的平均生产成本和平均交易成本,最终提出了在检修合并的基础上引入检测质量监督中心的管理模式。
在检修合一的模式下,本文应用组织行为学的理论分析了综合维修组织机构设置中的技术核心、技术支持、行政支持、高层管理和中层管理的构成,组织机构设置是服务于综合维修低成本竞争战略目的的。根据我国铁路客运专线的中长期规划,以及设备和人员的作业时间安排、作业能力,本文又进一步研究了综合维修的生产力布局问题：包括综合维修中心、车间、工区的布点和检测维修装备的配置。
最后,本文从信息成本的角度分析了综合维修管理信息系统建设的必要性和重要意义,并提出了信息系统的总体架构。
With the progress of China Railway High-speed'(CRH) construction, the length of CRH line has been increased continuously, the importance and workload of fixed equipment comprehensive maintenance have been increased at the same time. It has become a important topic to study the management architecture of CRH's comprehensive maintenance.
Based on the theory of modern enterprise, this paper study the management architecture of CRH's comprehensive maintenance by borrowing JN and DB railway's experiences and by combining CRH's characteristics.
Business process analysis is the prerequisite of management architecture design. In this paper, some conceptions such as competition prioprity, process structure and customer contact from business process theory are introduced at first, and then CRH comprehensive maintenance business process has been described in terms of China railway fiexed equipment maintenance management, fixed equipment types, comprehensive detection, key business process and so on, finally the characteristics of comprehensive maintenance has been given as follows:low-cost competitions prioprity, batch process, low customer contactness, low flexibility of process resource, and high density of process capital.
The relation between detection and maintenance is the first consideration to design comprephensive maintenance management architecture. In this paper, two architectures (one separates detection from maintenance, the other integrates detection and maintenance) are compared in the view of transaction costs economics. At first some conceptions of transaction cost economics have been introduced briefly, the average production costs and average transaction costs of the separation architecture are compared with those of the integration architechure in the terms of asset exclusivity and uncertainity, lastly a novel management which add a detection quality center into the integration architecture has been brought up.
In the condition of integration of detection and maintenance, in this paper, organization behavior theory has been used to analyze the technology kernel, technology support, administration support, high level management and middle level management of the comprephensive maintenance center. The organization structure serves the low costs competition strategy of comprephensive maintenance center.
引文
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