基于IPv6车载中心导航仪的设计和实现
摘要
随着通讯技术的发展和地理信息系统技术的广泛应用,使得可以缓解城市交通问题的中心导航系统成为导航系统研究的热点。中心导航系统与以往自主导航系统最大的不同点是,原有导航系统根据静态的地理信息为用户进行导航,中心导航系统则是既考虑路网信息,又根据道路状况,为用户进行实时、准确的导航；同时导航终端系统地图数据通过服务器下载,终端不存储电子地图数据和复杂智能交通系统应用,通过车载终端与导航中心的数据交换协议进行数据交互,车载导航终端将成为一个纯粹的人机接口(HMI, Human Machine Interface),从而极大地降低其设计和实现复杂度。本文设计了基于IPv6的车载中心导航仪,对中心导航仪的三个重要模块进行详细介绍。首先介绍了地图匹配模块,地图匹配其所需的路网数据通过无线网络从导航中心的服务器下载,设计了基于对路网分块的方法路网数据预取和更新策略,实现地图匹配功能；同时介绍了导航诱导模块,该模块实现通过网络下载局部放大数据和路径规划数据,进行导航功能；地图显示功能是导航系统的重要功能,为了保障地图显示的实时性,选择使用地图图形数据分块存储和地图显示二级缓存的方法来提高地图传输和显示效率,实现了地图实时显示性。
With the rapid development of Chinese economy, the congestion of urban traffic has been brought into focus among people. The development of communication technology and the widely use of geographical information systems technology, Central navigation system has been brought into focus among the navigation, because it can relieve urban traffic congestion. The most difference between central navigation system and autonomous navigation system is that center navigation system provides real time and accurate navigation, according to road network information and road conditions. At the same time the navigation terminal system download map data through network from map data server, the terminal does not store the electronic map data and the complexity application of intelligent transportation systems. Only defines the center vehicle terminal and the navigation data exchange protocol, car navigation terminal will be a purely man-machine interface (HMI, Human Machine Interface), which greatly reduces the complexity of the design and implementation. Also, this design philosophy and the social development of China's current high-speed, fast network and roadside POI (Point of Interest) fit with the update, but if not handled properly on the center of the network delay will cause a lot of the effect of navigation.
This paper studied central navigation terminal system based on IPv6 not only provides navigation services and information services, but it also can provide remote diagnose and repair function through the wireless network. Navigation system terminal map data download from the server, The Center navigation system needs to solve the biggest problem is that how ensure the terminal system get the map data in real time. This navigation device solves well the navigation effect of network transmission.
First, this paper designed and implemented a map matching module, the necessary road network data is downloaded through the wireless network server in real time from the navigation center server. Designed road network data pre-fetch and update policies during network transmission based on the map block. The vehicle experiment test the feasibility of real-time map-matching downloading data service from a central network through the wireless network. Second, this map designed and implemented the navigation guide function, it downloads data (local amplification data and path planning data) by the network, guide user according to real-time traffic, provide user road path planning function. Third, this paper designed and implemented the map display function is an important function, in order to ensure the real-time map display, chooses to use the map block storage and the secondary cache data to improve transfer and display map graphic efficiency. It design navigation center server and the terminal graphical data communication protocol and the terminal store graphics data structure, the system achieves effective e-map data which includes real-time navigation information transmission between the terminal and the server. To meet the ream-time demand of the e-map updating in the terminal, it put forward an online e-map data pre-fetch and updating strategy. Simulation and test-bed test both show that the system can achieve good online and real-time e-map distribution by using CDMA.
With the rapid development of Chinese economy, the congestion of urban traffic has been brought into focus among people. The development of communication technology and the widely use of geographical information systems technology, Central navigation system has been brought into focus among the navigation, because it can relieve urban traffic congestion. The most difference between central navigation system and autonomous navigation system is that center navigation system provides real time and accurate navigation, according to road network information and road conditions. At the same time the navigation terminal system download map data through network from map data server, the terminal does not store the electronic map data and the complexity application of intelligent transportation systems. Only defines the center vehicle terminal and the navigation data exchange protocol, car navigation terminal will be a purely man-machine interface (HMI, Human Machine Interface), which greatly reduces the complexity of the design and implementation. Also, this design philosophy and the social development of China's current high-speed, fast network and roadside POI (Point of Interest) fit with the update, but if not handled properly on the center of the network delay will cause a lot of the effect of navigation.
This paper studied central navigation terminal system based on IPv6 not only provides navigation services and information services, but it also can provide remote diagnose and repair function through the wireless network. Navigation system terminal map data download from the server, The Center navigation system needs to solve the biggest problem is that how ensure the terminal system get the map data in real time. This navigation device solves well the navigation effect of network transmission.
First, this paper designed and implemented a map matching module, the necessary road network data is downloaded through the wireless network server in real time from the navigation center server. Designed road network data pre-fetch and update policies during network transmission based on the map block. The vehicle experiment test the feasibility of real-time map-matching downloading data service from a central network through the wireless network. Second, this map designed and implemented the navigation guide function, it downloads data (local amplification data and path planning data) by the network, guide user according to real-time traffic, provide user road path planning function. Third, this paper designed and implemented the map display function is an important function, in order to ensure the real-time map display, chooses to use the map block storage and the secondary cache data to improve transfer and display map graphic efficiency. It design navigation center server and the terminal graphical data communication protocol and the terminal store graphics data structure, the system achieves effective e-map data which includes real-time navigation information transmission between the terminal and the server. To meet the ream-time demand of the e-map updating in the terminal, it put forward an online e-map data pre-fetch and updating strategy. Simulation and test-bed test both show that the system can achieve good online and real-time e-map distribution by using CDMA.
引文
[1]王文川,夏洪山.面向车载导航的嵌入式GIS研究与实现[D].南京：南京航空航天大学,2005：12-35.
[2]杨学军.中心式导航算法的研究和应用软件的实现[D].长春：吉林大学,2006：4-14.
[3]邵于宁.实时车载导航系统中的电子地图若干关键技术研究[D].广州：广东工业大学,2008：9-26.
[4]胡继勇.车辆联网式中心导航系统车载无线终端的研发[D].厦门：厦门大学,2009：13-19.
[5]刘云浩.从普适计算、CPS到物联网：下一代互联网的视界[J].中国计算机学会通讯,2009,5(12)：66-69.
[6]李旭.车载传感器网络的应用及关键技术研究[D].上海：上海交通大学,2009：44-50.
[7]Xu Li. Performance Evaluation of Vehicle-based Mobile Sensor Networks for Traffic Monitoring [J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2009,58(4):1647-1653.
[8]唐亮.基于无线网络的动态车载导航系统的设计[D].西安：西安科技大学,2006：9-13.
[9]Kai Xia, Chao Wei. Study on Real-time Navigation Data Model Based on ESRI Shape file [C]. The 2008 International Conference on Embedded Software and Systems Symp-osia, USA,2008:174-178.
[10]李鲁群,李成名,林宗坚.服务于PDA的矢量数据分块存储数据结构的研究[J].测绘学报,2002,31(2)：170-174.
[11]贾奋励,宋国民.电子地图显示中点状要素LOD模型的建立[J].测绘学院学报,2002,19(1)：62-64.
[12]王轩,李鹤元.基于分区索引方法的地图快速显示的设计与实现[J].测绘通报,2002,(10)：56-61.
[13]马亚明,张亚军,张瑞生.嵌入式GIS中矢量地图快速显示策略研究[J].测绘科学技术学报,2009,26(4)：300-304.
[14]张振辉.车辆导航中地图匹配算法与应用研究[D].郑州：信息工程大学,2006：8-17.
[15]常菲等.综合地图匹配定位技术研究[J].计算机工程与应用,2004,19：200-202.
[16]Kim S, Kim J H. Adaptive fuzzy-network-based C-measure map-matching algorithm for car navigation system [J]. IEEE Trans on IE,2001,48(2):432-441.
[17]彭飞,柳重堪,张其善.基于模糊逻辑的GPS/DR组合导航系统地图匹配算法[J].遥测遥控,2001,22(1)：32-36.
[18]吴旭彦,罗德安.GPS实时地图匹配技术中缓冲区分析的研究[J].西南交通大学学报,2001,36(2)195-198.
[19]唐李征等.基于地图匹配的高精度GPS自主车辆导航系统的实现[J].测控技术,1999,18(7),24-26.
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[21]苏惠敏,周鹏,陈哲.基于D-S证据理论的GPS/MM组合系统车辆定位算法[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2001,27(2)：157-160.
[22]任一峰,薛笑芳,郭圣权.GPS/电子地图车辆导航系统研究[J].华北工学院学报,2004,25(3),204-208.
[23]丁露,陈家斌,宋春雷.车辆导航系统地图匹配算法及实时参数修正[J].仪器仪表学报,2008,29(3)：658-661.
[24]魏永明MiniGUI体系结构之一体系结构概览[J/OL]. http://www.ibm.com/developer-works/cn/linux/embed/minigui/minigui-4/index.html,2000.12.
[25]魏永明MiniGUI技术白皮书[J/OL]. http://www.minigui.org/cdoc.html,2000.12.
[26]祁献鹏,郭玉东MiniGUI—面向嵌入式系统的GUI系统[J].信息工程大学学报,2001,2(3)：8-10.2001,22(1)：32-36.
[27]马亚明,张亚军,张瑞生.嵌入式GIS中矢量地图快速显示策略研究[J].测绘科学技术学报,2009,26(4)：300-304.
[28]罗静,李舟军.实时车载导航电子地图研究[J].计算机与现代化,2006(8)：12～14.
[29]Troy, NY. The MapInfo Interchange File (MIF) Format Specification[S]. MapInfo Cor-poration,1999,1-17.
[30]文广超,邓寅生,郭梅荣.嵌入式电子地图设计中MIF文件的读取与转换[J].山西建筑,2007.11,33(33)：3-4.
[2]杨学军.中心式导航算法的研究和应用软件的实现[D].长春：吉林大学,2006：4-14.
[3]邵于宁.实时车载导航系统中的电子地图若干关键技术研究[D].广州：广东工业大学,2008：9-26.
[4]胡继勇.车辆联网式中心导航系统车载无线终端的研发[D].厦门：厦门大学,2009：13-19.
[5]刘云浩.从普适计算、CPS到物联网：下一代互联网的视界[J].中国计算机学会通讯,2009,5(12)：66-69.
[6]李旭.车载传感器网络的应用及关键技术研究[D].上海：上海交通大学,2009：44-50.
[7]Xu Li. Performance Evaluation of Vehicle-based Mobile Sensor Networks for Traffic Monitoring [J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2009,58(4):1647-1653.
[8]唐亮.基于无线网络的动态车载导航系统的设计[D].西安：西安科技大学,2006：9-13.
[9]Kai Xia, Chao Wei. Study on Real-time Navigation Data Model Based on ESRI Shape file [C]. The 2008 International Conference on Embedded Software and Systems Symp-osia, USA,2008:174-178.
[10]李鲁群,李成名,林宗坚.服务于PDA的矢量数据分块存储数据结构的研究[J].测绘学报,2002,31(2)：170-174.
[11]贾奋励,宋国民.电子地图显示中点状要素LOD模型的建立[J].测绘学院学报,2002,19(1)：62-64.
[12]王轩,李鹤元.基于分区索引方法的地图快速显示的设计与实现[J].测绘通报,2002,(10)：56-61.
[13]马亚明,张亚军,张瑞生.嵌入式GIS中矢量地图快速显示策略研究[J].测绘科学技术学报,2009,26(4)：300-304.
[14]张振辉.车辆导航中地图匹配算法与应用研究[D].郑州：信息工程大学,2006：8-17.
[15]常菲等.综合地图匹配定位技术研究[J].计算机工程与应用,2004,19：200-202.
[16]Kim S, Kim J H. Adaptive fuzzy-network-based C-measure map-matching algorithm for car navigation system [J]. IEEE Trans on IE,2001,48(2):432-441.
[17]彭飞,柳重堪,张其善.基于模糊逻辑的GPS/DR组合导航系统地图匹配算法[J].遥测遥控,2001,22(1)：32-36.
[18]吴旭彦,罗德安.GPS实时地图匹配技术中缓冲区分析的研究[J].西南交通大学学报,2001,36(2)195-198.
[19]唐李征等.基于地图匹配的高精度GPS自主车辆导航系统的实现[J].测控技术,1999,18(7),24-26.
[20]苏洁等.GPS车辆导航中的实时地图匹配算法[J].测绘学报,2001,30(3)：252-256.
[21]苏惠敏,周鹏,陈哲.基于D-S证据理论的GPS/MM组合系统车辆定位算法[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2001,27(2)：157-160.
[22]任一峰,薛笑芳,郭圣权.GPS/电子地图车辆导航系统研究[J].华北工学院学报,2004,25(3),204-208.
[23]丁露,陈家斌,宋春雷.车辆导航系统地图匹配算法及实时参数修正[J].仪器仪表学报,2008,29(3)：658-661.
[24]魏永明MiniGUI体系结构之一体系结构概览[J/OL]. http://www.ibm.com/developer-works/cn/linux/embed/minigui/minigui-4/index.html,2000.12.
[25]魏永明MiniGUI技术白皮书[J/OL]. http://www.minigui.org/cdoc.html,2000.12.
[26]祁献鹏,郭玉东MiniGUI—面向嵌入式系统的GUI系统[J].信息工程大学学报,2001,2(3)：8-10.2001,22(1)：32-36.
[27]马亚明,张亚军,张瑞生.嵌入式GIS中矢量地图快速显示策略研究[J].测绘科学技术学报,2009,26(4)：300-304.
[28]罗静,李舟军.实时车载导航电子地图研究[J].计算机与现代化,2006(8)：12～14.
[29]Troy, NY. The MapInfo Interchange File (MIF) Format Specification[S]. MapInfo Cor-poration,1999,1-17.
[30]文广超,邓寅生,郭梅荣.嵌入式电子地图设计中MIF文件的读取与转换[J].山西建筑,2007.11,33(33)：3-4.