列车速度控制系统的硬件设计与实现
摘要
我国幅员辽阔,铁路轨道交通对我国国民经济发展至关重要。有效保障我国铁路运输的安全性具有重大意义。尤其是铁路第六次大面积提速以来,列车运行速度、密度大幅度提高。考虑到线路施工、自然灾害等原因的影响,对线路区段采取临时速度控制防护十分重要。尽管我国轨道交通安全控制技术在不断发展,但是临时速度控制仍是这个阶段内列车运行控制的重点及难点。
为实现列车临时速度控制,列车与地面之间需要传输大量的信息,原有轨道电路信息量难以满足要求,RFID系统具有可靠性高、信息容量大、结构简单、安装灵活、维护方便等优点,十分适合于在铁路交通中应用。本文将基于RFID技术,针对铁路交通中急需解决的列车临时速度控制问题,研发一套列车速度预警及控制系统,其将自动获取限速区段的速度限制信息,并将速度限制信息与列车当前的运行状态进行比较,输出语音提示、显示警示、卸载、常用制动或紧急制动等相应的动作,起到一个预警和自动控车的作用,以确保列车安全的通过限速区段。基于以上目的,本课题的主要研究内容为:研究并设计车载主机硬件电路,包括主控制板、数字输入板、数字输出板和电源模块等;研究并设计车载显示器硬件电路;研究并设计了主机与显示器的软件,包括系统初始化、速度限制信息处理、通信数据处理、数据记录模块等;研究整个系统的电磁兼容性、稳定性和安全性。
China has a vast territory, and the railway is critical to the development of our national economy. How to effectively protect the safety of railway transport is of great significance. Especially since the sixth large area speed improved, the speed and density are increased greatly. Taking into account the impact of the line construction, natural disasters and so on, adopting the protection of the temporary speed control on the line segment is very important. Although the safety of rail traffic control technology is in the development, the temporary speed control is still the key and difficulty of the train control in this stage.
In order to realize the temporary speed control of the train, amounts of information need to be transferred between the train and the ground. The original track circuit is difficult to meet the requirements. As the RFID system has the advantages of high reliability, large of information content, simple structure, flexible installation and easy maintenance, etc, it is very suitable for the railway traffic. Based on the RFID technology, we design a train speed warning and control system for the problem that urgently needs to be resolved of the train temporary speed control. It can automatically get the control information of the speed from special section, and compare the speed information with the current operating state of the train. Finally it output warring voice, displaying, unloading, braking or emergency braking, which ensure the safety of the train when it through the speed control section. Based on the purpose mentioned above, this paper has concentrated on the following topics: research and design an host hardware circuit, which include the main control board, the digital input board, the digital output board and the power supply module; research and design the display hardware; research and implement the software of host and displayer, which include the initialization of system, the processing of speed limit’s information, the processing of communication data, the data recording module and so on; research the electromagnetic compatibility , stability and safety of the system.
为实现列车临时速度控制,列车与地面之间需要传输大量的信息,原有轨道电路信息量难以满足要求,RFID系统具有可靠性高、信息容量大、结构简单、安装灵活、维护方便等优点,十分适合于在铁路交通中应用。本文将基于RFID技术,针对铁路交通中急需解决的列车临时速度控制问题,研发一套列车速度预警及控制系统,其将自动获取限速区段的速度限制信息,并将速度限制信息与列车当前的运行状态进行比较,输出语音提示、显示警示、卸载、常用制动或紧急制动等相应的动作,起到一个预警和自动控车的作用,以确保列车安全的通过限速区段。基于以上目的,本课题的主要研究内容为:研究并设计车载主机硬件电路,包括主控制板、数字输入板、数字输出板和电源模块等;研究并设计车载显示器硬件电路;研究并设计了主机与显示器的软件,包括系统初始化、速度限制信息处理、通信数据处理、数据记录模块等;研究整个系统的电磁兼容性、稳定性和安全性。
China has a vast territory, and the railway is critical to the development of our national economy. How to effectively protect the safety of railway transport is of great significance. Especially since the sixth large area speed improved, the speed and density are increased greatly. Taking into account the impact of the line construction, natural disasters and so on, adopting the protection of the temporary speed control on the line segment is very important. Although the safety of rail traffic control technology is in the development, the temporary speed control is still the key and difficulty of the train control in this stage.
In order to realize the temporary speed control of the train, amounts of information need to be transferred between the train and the ground. The original track circuit is difficult to meet the requirements. As the RFID system has the advantages of high reliability, large of information content, simple structure, flexible installation and easy maintenance, etc, it is very suitable for the railway traffic. Based on the RFID technology, we design a train speed warning and control system for the problem that urgently needs to be resolved of the train temporary speed control. It can automatically get the control information of the speed from special section, and compare the speed information with the current operating state of the train. Finally it output warring voice, displaying, unloading, braking or emergency braking, which ensure the safety of the train when it through the speed control section. Based on the purpose mentioned above, this paper has concentrated on the following topics: research and design an host hardware circuit, which include the main control board, the digital input board, the digital output board and the power supply module; research and design the display hardware; research and implement the software of host and displayer, which include the initialization of system, the processing of speed limit’s information, the processing of communication data, the data recording module and so on; research the electromagnetic compatibility , stability and safety of the system.
引文
[1]范丽君. ETCS技术在列控系统中应用的探讨[J].中国铁道科学, 2003, 24(3): 98-103
[2]邓卫升. ETCS及其在高速铁路中的应用[J].铁道通信信号, 2006, 42(6): 31-33
[3] Dimmer D.. International Standards For CBTC[J]. Alcatel Telecommunications Review, 2004(2): 5
[4]邹少文.列控系统临时限速设计方案探讨[J].铁道工程学报, 2008, 25(2): 9-12
[5]宋梅.关于列车运行临时限速控制的探讨[J].成铁科技, 2006, (4): 24-25
[6]苗雪芫,贺春,陈剑云.车机联控管理信息系统的设计与实现[J].华东交通大学学报, 2005, (4): 72-76
[7]运基通信[2005]187号,调度命令无线传送系统技术条件[S].北京:铁道部运输局, 2005
[8]熊雪莱. GSM-R网络失效性分析及其对CTCS-3的影响[D].北京:北京交通大学, 2008
[9]铁道部运输局.铁路列车调度指挥系统(TDCS),第1版[M].北京:中国铁道出版社, 2006: 41-52
[10]杨志刚,邵志和. LKJ2000型列车运行监控记录装置[M].北京:中国铁道出版社, 2003: 1-200
[11]唐涛,郜春海. ETCS系统分析及CTCS的研究[J].机车电传动, 2004, (6): 1-6
[12]张国光.既有线CTCS-2级区段限速应用的探讨[J].铁道通信信号, 2008, (3): 16-17
[13]徐啸明. CTCS-2级列车运行控制系统应用从书列控地面设备,第1版[M].北京:中国铁道出版社, 2007: 30-60
[14]朱春芳,陈小梅. CTCS-2级与CTCS-3级间转换的初步研究与应用[J].铁道通信信号, 2008, 44(11): 13-15
[15]关胜. CTCS3系统设计方案[J].铁路通信信号工程技术, 2008, 5(2): 6-8
[16]吴江娇,刘晶晶.列控系统中临时限速执行时机的研究[J].铁道通信信号, 2008, (5): 8-9
[17]张萌.北京城轨数字工务系统的研究[D].北京:北京交通大学, 2007
[18] Roy Want. An introduction to RFID Technology[J]. Pervasive Computing, 2006, (1),: 25-33
[19] Matthew, Robshaw. An overview of RFID tags and new cryptographic developments[J]. Information Security Technical Report, 2006, 11: 82-88
[20]杨晓刚,李正明.基于Atmega1280的车载卫星天线控制系统[J].信息技术, 2010, (08): 149-152
[21]胡玮,魏伟. RS232与RS485串行接口转换电路及其编程实现[J].实验科学与技术, 2010, (01): 69-71
[22] Maxim Integrated Products. How far and how fast can you go with RS-485[R]., AN3884. 2006
[23] Simon M.K., Hinedi S.M., Lindsey W.C.. Digital Communication Techniques: Signal Design and Detection[M]. New Jersey: Prentice Hall,1995: 74-86
[24] Clark K.. Equalization enhances RS-485links[J]. EDN, 2004, 49(04):71-78
[25]袁波.提高RS-485通信可靠性的措施[J].电子世界, 2005, (11): 56-60
[26]陈立静.提高RS-485总线可靠性的几种有效对策[J].科技信息(学术研究), 2007, (07): 157-158
[27]王丽萍,刘永强,赵富强,等.电气装置中485电路及其可靠性设计[J].微计算机信息, 2009, (02): 117-121
[28]张雄星,王超,陈超,等.线性光电隔离电路的设计[J].现代电子技术, 2010, (24): 189-190
[29]陈颖.存储器AT45DB161及其在安全监控记录装置中的应用[J].机车电传动, 2009, (2): 51-54
[30]童诗白,华成英.模拟电子技术基础[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2001: 102-150
[31]阎石.数字电子技术基础[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2004: 151-204
[32]王奇. LKJ2000型列车运行监控记录装置的可靠性与安全性设计[J].机车电传动, 2001, (05): 26-29
[33]钱国立,贺胜民.一种防雷击浪涌的开关电源电路设计[J].阳光能源, 2009, (02): 47-49
[34]余振华,张其善,杨东凯.基于W77E58单片机的图形液晶显示的设计与应用[J].计算机工程与应用, 2008, 44(22): 71-73
[35]朱文彬,李玉忍.基于ISD4003芯片的语音报警系统设计[J].安防科技, 2008, (03): 22-24
[36]谭浩强,张基温. C语言程序设计教程[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 1991: 1-152
[37]孙丽晶.基于ICC AVR和Proteus软件平台的AVR单片机设计开发流程[J].吉林师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2010, (01): 103-105
[38]孙青,庄奕珙.电子元器件可靠性工程[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 1998: 56-78
[39]周志飞. LKJ2000监控记录装置的冗余设计[J].机车电传动, 2003, (03): 22-26
[40]梁之州.铁路信号产品的可靠性问题[J].北京:铁道部标准计算研究所, 1993, (07): 28-32
[41]龚勇,张凤登,赵珂.单片机系统的电磁兼容设计研究[J].微计算机信息, 2008, (23): 139-140
[42]刘小宁. PCB的电磁兼容设计[J].科技信息, 2009, (07): 68
[43]白运芳.电磁兼容与电磁兼容设计[J].无线电工程, 2008, 38(11): 34-36
[44]陆廷孝,郑鹏洲.可靠性设计与分析[M].北京:国防工业出版社, 1995: 114-152
[45]董彦涛.电子设备电缆布线的电磁兼容设计[J].声学与电子工程, 2010, (02): 35-37
[46] Wilhelw D.. Technical aspects for high-speed traffic in eastern Europe[J]. Rail International, 1998
[47]吴良斌,高玉良,李延辉.现代电子系统的电磁兼容性设计[M].北京:国防工业出版社, 2004: 63-86
[48]区健昌,林守霖,吕英华.电子设备的电磁兼容性设计[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 2003: 45-65
[49]龚尧莞,王子强,陈建明等.电源电路中的电磁兼容设计[J].硅谷, 2010, (04): 17-18
[2]邓卫升. ETCS及其在高速铁路中的应用[J].铁道通信信号, 2006, 42(6): 31-33
[3] Dimmer D.. International Standards For CBTC[J]. Alcatel Telecommunications Review, 2004(2): 5
[4]邹少文.列控系统临时限速设计方案探讨[J].铁道工程学报, 2008, 25(2): 9-12
[5]宋梅.关于列车运行临时限速控制的探讨[J].成铁科技, 2006, (4): 24-25
[6]苗雪芫,贺春,陈剑云.车机联控管理信息系统的设计与实现[J].华东交通大学学报, 2005, (4): 72-76
[7]运基通信[2005]187号,调度命令无线传送系统技术条件[S].北京:铁道部运输局, 2005
[8]熊雪莱. GSM-R网络失效性分析及其对CTCS-3的影响[D].北京:北京交通大学, 2008
[9]铁道部运输局.铁路列车调度指挥系统(TDCS),第1版[M].北京:中国铁道出版社, 2006: 41-52
[10]杨志刚,邵志和. LKJ2000型列车运行监控记录装置[M].北京:中国铁道出版社, 2003: 1-200
[11]唐涛,郜春海. ETCS系统分析及CTCS的研究[J].机车电传动, 2004, (6): 1-6
[12]张国光.既有线CTCS-2级区段限速应用的探讨[J].铁道通信信号, 2008, (3): 16-17
[13]徐啸明. CTCS-2级列车运行控制系统应用从书列控地面设备,第1版[M].北京:中国铁道出版社, 2007: 30-60
[14]朱春芳,陈小梅. CTCS-2级与CTCS-3级间转换的初步研究与应用[J].铁道通信信号, 2008, 44(11): 13-15
[15]关胜. CTCS3系统设计方案[J].铁路通信信号工程技术, 2008, 5(2): 6-8
[16]吴江娇,刘晶晶.列控系统中临时限速执行时机的研究[J].铁道通信信号, 2008, (5): 8-9
[17]张萌.北京城轨数字工务系统的研究[D].北京:北京交通大学, 2007
[18] Roy Want. An introduction to RFID Technology[J]. Pervasive Computing, 2006, (1),: 25-33
[19] Matthew, Robshaw. An overview of RFID tags and new cryptographic developments[J]. Information Security Technical Report, 2006, 11: 82-88
[20]杨晓刚,李正明.基于Atmega1280的车载卫星天线控制系统[J].信息技术, 2010, (08): 149-152
[21]胡玮,魏伟. RS232与RS485串行接口转换电路及其编程实现[J].实验科学与技术, 2010, (01): 69-71
[22] Maxim Integrated Products. How far and how fast can you go with RS-485[R]., AN3884. 2006
[23] Simon M.K., Hinedi S.M., Lindsey W.C.. Digital Communication Techniques: Signal Design and Detection[M]. New Jersey: Prentice Hall,1995: 74-86
[24] Clark K.. Equalization enhances RS-485links[J]. EDN, 2004, 49(04):71-78
[25]袁波.提高RS-485通信可靠性的措施[J].电子世界, 2005, (11): 56-60
[26]陈立静.提高RS-485总线可靠性的几种有效对策[J].科技信息(学术研究), 2007, (07): 157-158
[27]王丽萍,刘永强,赵富强,等.电气装置中485电路及其可靠性设计[J].微计算机信息, 2009, (02): 117-121
[28]张雄星,王超,陈超,等.线性光电隔离电路的设计[J].现代电子技术, 2010, (24): 189-190
[29]陈颖.存储器AT45DB161及其在安全监控记录装置中的应用[J].机车电传动, 2009, (2): 51-54
[30]童诗白,华成英.模拟电子技术基础[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2001: 102-150
[31]阎石.数字电子技术基础[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2004: 151-204
[32]王奇. LKJ2000型列车运行监控记录装置的可靠性与安全性设计[J].机车电传动, 2001, (05): 26-29
[33]钱国立,贺胜民.一种防雷击浪涌的开关电源电路设计[J].阳光能源, 2009, (02): 47-49
[34]余振华,张其善,杨东凯.基于W77E58单片机的图形液晶显示的设计与应用[J].计算机工程与应用, 2008, 44(22): 71-73
[35]朱文彬,李玉忍.基于ISD4003芯片的语音报警系统设计[J].安防科技, 2008, (03): 22-24
[36]谭浩强,张基温. C语言程序设计教程[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 1991: 1-152
[37]孙丽晶.基于ICC AVR和Proteus软件平台的AVR单片机设计开发流程[J].吉林师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2010, (01): 103-105
[38]孙青,庄奕珙.电子元器件可靠性工程[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 1998: 56-78
[39]周志飞. LKJ2000监控记录装置的冗余设计[J].机车电传动, 2003, (03): 22-26
[40]梁之州.铁路信号产品的可靠性问题[J].北京:铁道部标准计算研究所, 1993, (07): 28-32
[41]龚勇,张凤登,赵珂.单片机系统的电磁兼容设计研究[J].微计算机信息, 2008, (23): 139-140
[42]刘小宁. PCB的电磁兼容设计[J].科技信息, 2009, (07): 68
[43]白运芳.电磁兼容与电磁兼容设计[J].无线电工程, 2008, 38(11): 34-36
[44]陆廷孝,郑鹏洲.可靠性设计与分析[M].北京:国防工业出版社, 1995: 114-152
[45]董彦涛.电子设备电缆布线的电磁兼容设计[J].声学与电子工程, 2010, (02): 35-37
[46] Wilhelw D.. Technical aspects for high-speed traffic in eastern Europe[J]. Rail International, 1998
[47]吴良斌,高玉良,李延辉.现代电子系统的电磁兼容性设计[M].北京:国防工业出版社, 2004: 63-86
[48]区健昌,林守霖,吕英华.电子设备的电磁兼容性设计[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 2003: 45-65
[49]龚尧莞,王子强,陈建明等.电源电路中的电磁兼容设计[J].硅谷, 2010, (04): 17-18