车辆行驶工况与排放率关系及其数据库研究
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摘要
机动车对环境的污染问题已经引起社会的广泛关注。传统的实验室对机动车排放的评估方法,由于其工况不能反映实际道路驾驶行为等原因,未能完全反映车辆实际道路排放情况,车辆排放控制策略的开发也就局限在法规工况控制范围内。所以为了更深入地了解车辆实际排放状况,本文采用车载排放测试的方法来研究天津市实际道路行驶机动车的排放,对天津市道路行驶特征和车辆排放整体特性进行了分析。
本文使用的车载排放检测设备是OBS-2200车载实时汽车道路排放测量系统,该系统可以每秒一次甚至十次的速率采集记录下汽车的瞬时车速,发动机温度、压力,环境温度、压力,各排放污染物(CO、CO_2、NO_X和THC)浓度值等信息。这些数据可用于计算分析汽车的道路行驶工况的特征、道路废气质量的排放特性,汽车实际道路的排放因子。在进行本文研究之前,我们已经利用该套试验设备进行了大量的道路试验,试验证明该套系统的工作可靠,测试精度达到设备说明书要求。
本文通过对天津市的道路类型比例进行分析研究后确定了本项目的试验路线,并采用上述车载检测技术测试了70多辆具有代表性的轻型汽油车辆的道路实际排放,结果显示车辆实际道路得到的排放因子比实验室法规情况下测量的排放因子要高的多。车辆排放耐久性测试的劣化系数CO为6.2,NOx为5.4,THC为7.1,大大高于法规认为1.2的系数。
本文通过对70多辆试验车辆的排放测试数据进行处理分析,采用行驶力(速度*加速度)和速度与排放率的联合分布来分析车辆道路行驶工况与排放率关系。通过对废气质量排放率与车辆行驶参数的关系研究发现,使用V×A描述的参数与废气质量排放率存在对应关系,我们定义了V×A这个参数,用它来表征车辆行驶力的大小。研究了单元数量的选择和单元内数值地计算。把V从0～130km/h按照5 km/h的间隔分为25段,V×A从-35～30 m~2/s~3按照2.5 m~2/s~3间隔分25段,建立一个点数为625的排放数据库。库中每个点的排放率,按照其V和V×A值的不同,放置于不同的单元中,在每个单元内计算其平均值。车辆按技术种类、排量和使用年龄根据回归曲线,插值修正计算其排放率值,最终得到了不同车辆按技术种类和使用年龄在实际行驶中的废气排放率。并结合Matlab工具,开发出了车辆工况与排放关系解析软件,利用该解析软件对数据进行分析整理,最终得到了一种新型的车辆行驶工况与排放率关系数据库。
通过天津市典型道路上的大量的实际道路测试,获得了描述各种不同道路类型的汽车行驶特征参数。结果表明各类参数在不同的道路上有不同的分布特征。
The pollution problem of vehicles to environment has already caused social extensive concern.Evaluation method of traditional laboratory to vehicles emissions,owing to its work condition can't reflect actual road driving behavior,can't completely reflect vehicles' actual road emissions,the exploiture of strategy of the vehicle emissions control also limits in the areas of the law stipulate working condition.In order to more thoroughly understand vehicles actual emissions,the text adoptes on-board emissions test method to study vehicles actual road emissions in Tianjin City,analysing the road driving characteristic and the whole vehicle emissions characteristic of Tianjin City.
The on-board emission test equipment which the text uses is OBS-2200,an on-board real time vehicle road emission text system.Using this system,the vehicle instantaneous speed,engine temperature and press, environment temperature and press,volume concentraten of exhaust gases (CO,CO_2,NO_x and THC) can be tested and recorded with one even ten times per sec.All these data can be used to analyze exhaust behavior of the vehicle under realistic road condition and driving pattern.Some experiments has been made to certify the credibility and precision of the system.
Passing analysing and researching the road type's proportion of Tianjin City,we confirm the test route,and adopted the above-mentioned on-board test technique to test more than 70 representative vehicles, the result shows that the emission factor of vehicle actual road emission is higher than testing in laboratory.The inferior coefficient of vehicle emission durable test is:CO is 6.2,NO_x is 5.4,THC is 7.1,consumedly higher than 1.2 of the law ordaining.
Passing analysing and dealing wite the data of more than 70 vehicles, adopting unite distribution of driving power(speed*acceleraten)、speed and emission rate to analysing the relation between vehicle road driving condition and emission rate.From researching the ralation of the waste gas quality emissions rate and the vehicle driving parameter, we find that the parameter described by V×A and the waste gas quality emissions rate exist corresponding relation, we define the V×A parameter and use it express vehicle driving power value. We study the choice of cell's number and numeric calculation in cell.We divide the V into 25 sects from the 0～130km/h according to the partition of 5km/h, divide the V×A into 25 sects from -35～30m~2/s~3 according to the partition of 2.5m~2/s~3, build up an emissions database including 625 cells.Each cell's emission rate in the database, according to the dissimilarity of its V and V×A's value, placing in different cells, calculating its average value in each cell.According to the technique type,emission mass and the using years, by using return curve and inserting value and correcting to calculate its emissions rate value,and getting actual driving emission rate of different vehicle according to different technique type and using years at last.Combining with Matlab,we empolder an analyzing software about the relation of vehicles' work condition and emissions,using it to analyse and deal with those data,we build up a new kind of database about the relation of vehicles' work condition and emission.
We carry through a great deal of actual road test of typical model road in Tienjin City, obtaining various road type driving characteristic parameter.As a result,each kind of parameter on different road has different distribution characteristic.
本文使用的车载排放检测设备是OBS-2200车载实时汽车道路排放测量系统,该系统可以每秒一次甚至十次的速率采集记录下汽车的瞬时车速,发动机温度、压力,环境温度、压力,各排放污染物(CO、CO_2、NO_X和THC)浓度值等信息。这些数据可用于计算分析汽车的道路行驶工况的特征、道路废气质量的排放特性,汽车实际道路的排放因子。在进行本文研究之前,我们已经利用该套试验设备进行了大量的道路试验,试验证明该套系统的工作可靠,测试精度达到设备说明书要求。
本文通过对天津市的道路类型比例进行分析研究后确定了本项目的试验路线,并采用上述车载检测技术测试了70多辆具有代表性的轻型汽油车辆的道路实际排放,结果显示车辆实际道路得到的排放因子比实验室法规情况下测量的排放因子要高的多。车辆排放耐久性测试的劣化系数CO为6.2,NOx为5.4,THC为7.1,大大高于法规认为1.2的系数。
本文通过对70多辆试验车辆的排放测试数据进行处理分析,采用行驶力(速度*加速度)和速度与排放率的联合分布来分析车辆道路行驶工况与排放率关系。通过对废气质量排放率与车辆行驶参数的关系研究发现,使用V×A描述的参数与废气质量排放率存在对应关系,我们定义了V×A这个参数,用它来表征车辆行驶力的大小。研究了单元数量的选择和单元内数值地计算。把V从0～130km/h按照5 km/h的间隔分为25段,V×A从-35～30 m~2/s~3按照2.5 m~2/s~3间隔分25段,建立一个点数为625的排放数据库。库中每个点的排放率,按照其V和V×A值的不同,放置于不同的单元中,在每个单元内计算其平均值。车辆按技术种类、排量和使用年龄根据回归曲线,插值修正计算其排放率值,最终得到了不同车辆按技术种类和使用年龄在实际行驶中的废气排放率。并结合Matlab工具,开发出了车辆工况与排放关系解析软件,利用该解析软件对数据进行分析整理,最终得到了一种新型的车辆行驶工况与排放率关系数据库。
通过天津市典型道路上的大量的实际道路测试,获得了描述各种不同道路类型的汽车行驶特征参数。结果表明各类参数在不同的道路上有不同的分布特征。
The pollution problem of vehicles to environment has already caused social extensive concern.Evaluation method of traditional laboratory to vehicles emissions,owing to its work condition can't reflect actual road driving behavior,can't completely reflect vehicles' actual road emissions,the exploiture of strategy of the vehicle emissions control also limits in the areas of the law stipulate working condition.In order to more thoroughly understand vehicles actual emissions,the text adoptes on-board emissions test method to study vehicles actual road emissions in Tianjin City,analysing the road driving characteristic and the whole vehicle emissions characteristic of Tianjin City.
The on-board emission test equipment which the text uses is OBS-2200,an on-board real time vehicle road emission text system.Using this system,the vehicle instantaneous speed,engine temperature and press, environment temperature and press,volume concentraten of exhaust gases (CO,CO_2,NO_x and THC) can be tested and recorded with one even ten times per sec.All these data can be used to analyze exhaust behavior of the vehicle under realistic road condition and driving pattern.Some experiments has been made to certify the credibility and precision of the system.
Passing analysing and researching the road type's proportion of Tianjin City,we confirm the test route,and adopted the above-mentioned on-board test technique to test more than 70 representative vehicles, the result shows that the emission factor of vehicle actual road emission is higher than testing in laboratory.The inferior coefficient of vehicle emission durable test is:CO is 6.2,NO_x is 5.4,THC is 7.1,consumedly higher than 1.2 of the law ordaining.
Passing analysing and dealing wite the data of more than 70 vehicles, adopting unite distribution of driving power(speed*acceleraten)、speed and emission rate to analysing the relation between vehicle road driving condition and emission rate.From researching the ralation of the waste gas quality emissions rate and the vehicle driving parameter, we find that the parameter described by V×A and the waste gas quality emissions rate exist corresponding relation, we define the V×A parameter and use it express vehicle driving power value. We study the choice of cell's number and numeric calculation in cell.We divide the V into 25 sects from the 0～130km/h according to the partition of 5km/h, divide the V×A into 25 sects from -35～30m~2/s~3 according to the partition of 2.5m~2/s~3, build up an emissions database including 625 cells.Each cell's emission rate in the database, according to the dissimilarity of its V and V×A's value, placing in different cells, calculating its average value in each cell.According to the technique type,emission mass and the using years, by using return curve and inserting value and correcting to calculate its emissions rate value,and getting actual driving emission rate of different vehicle according to different technique type and using years at last.Combining with Matlab,we empolder an analyzing software about the relation of vehicles' work condition and emissions,using it to analyse and deal with those data,we build up a new kind of database about the relation of vehicles' work condition and emission.
We carry through a great deal of actual road test of typical model road in Tienjin City, obtaining various road type driving characteristic parameter.As a result,each kind of parameter on different road has different distribution characteristic.
引文
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[2]周龙保,高宗英.内燃机学.北京:机械工业出版社,1999:190-230.
[3]谢绍东,张远航,唐孝炎.我国城市地区机动车污染现状与趋势[J].环境科学研究,2000,13(4):22-26
[4]贺克斌,郝吉明,傅立新.我国汽车排气污染现状与发展[J].环境科学,1996,17(4):80-83
[5]Jason D.Hawirko,M.David Checkel.Quantifying Vehicle Emission Factors for Various Ambient Conditions using an On-Road,Read-Time Emissions System.SAE 2003-01-0301
[6]P G Boulter,T Barlow.On-board emission measurements in Central London.SAE 2004-01-0791
[7]Edward K.Nam,Arvon Mitcham.Dynamometer and On-board Emissions Testing of the Honda Insight and Toyota Prius.SAE 2005-01-0681
[8]H.Christopher Frey and Nagui M.Rouphail.Emissions Reduction Through Better Traffic Management NC Department of Transportation June 2001
[9]I.De Vlieger.On-board Emission and Fuel Consumption Measurement Campaign on Petrol-driven Passenger Cars.Atmospheric Environment.1997,Vol 31,No 22,pp3752-3761
[10]Pablo Cicero-Fernandez,Jeffrey R.Long,Arthur M.Winer.Effects of Grades and Other Loads on On-Road Emissions of Hydrocarbons and Carbon Monoxide.JAWMA,1997,47(9):898-904
[11]Nobutaka Kihara,Tokihiro Tsukamoto,Koichi Matsumoto.Real-Time On-Board Measurement of Mass Emission of NOx,Fuel Consumption,Road Load,and Engine Output for Diesel Vehicles.SAE 2000-01-1141
[12]Timothy J.Truex,John F.Collins.Measurement of Ambient Roadway and Vehicle Exhaust Emissions-An Assessment of Instrument Capability and Initial On-Road Test Results with an Advanced Low Emission Vehicle.SAE 2000-01-1142
[13]许建昌,李孟良,徐达.车载排放测试技术的研究综述[J].天津汽车,2006,3:30-33
[14]陈燕涛,李孟良,乔维高.车辆气体污染物测量技术的现状和发展分析[J].汽车研究与开发.2005.9:38-40
[15]李孟良,陈燕涛,刘伏萍等.道路排放测试技术的研究[J].上海汽车,2005.12:23-25
[16]杨延相,杜红,刘昌文等.用于汽车道路行驶排放测量的车载实验系统[J].长安大学学报,2002,4:62-65
[17]杜青,杨延相,刘昌文.一种机动车车载实时道路排放测量系统[J].拖拉机与农用运输车,2002,3:34-38
[18]Mohan Krishnamurthy,Mridul Gautam.Quality Assurance of Exhaust Emissions Test Data Measured Using Portable Emissions Measurement System.SAE 2005-01-3799
[19]Jeff Jetter,Shinji Maeshiro,Seiji Hatcho.Development of an On-Board Analyzer for Use on Advanced Low Emission Vehicles.SAE 2000-01-1140
[20]Karl Oestergaard,Scott Porter.Investigation into the Performance of an On-Board Emissions Measurement System Using a Vehicle Exhaust Emissions Simulator.SAE 2003-01-3746
[21]王云鹏,沙学锋,李世武.机动车道路排放的实时测试系统开发及试验研究[J].公路交通科技,2005,22(8):149-152
[22]杜青,杨延相,郑伟.机动车实际道路排放特性及若干影响因素的研究[J].内燃机学报,2002,20(4):297-302
[23]张雨.汽油机瞬态排放分析.长沙:国防科技大学出版社,2005.156-234.
[24]蒋德明.内燃机燃烧与排放学.西安:西安交通大学出版社,2001.512-602.
[25]尹泽明,丁春利.精通MATLAB6.北京:清华大学出版社,2002.300-386.
[26]李伟.典型城市道路机动车排放污染特征研究:[硕士学位论文].北京:清华大学,2002.
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