基于FVP技术的全路况林火巡护与扑救车辆动态性能研究
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摘要
传统的产品设计过程是一个从样机试制到测试评估,再到反馈设计的循环反复过程。这其中的每一次循环,都伴随着物理样机的建造或修改,和伴之而来的产品开发周期的延长和开发成本的增长。采用功能化虚拟样机技术进行产品的开发,全过程以数字化方式进行,避免了物理样机的建造,有利于缩短产品开发周期,降低产品开发成本,改进产品设计质量,提高面向客户与市场需求的能力。
本研究以现有的全路况林火巡护与扑救车辆为原型和研究对象,采用功能化虚样机技术建立了该车的多体动力学模型。基于虚拟试验场对模型进行了平顺性、制动性和地形通过性仿真,并对试验仿真结果进行分析和评价,辨识了影响全路况林火巡护与扑救车辆平顺性、制动性和地形通过性的主要因素,并提出了优化设计方案。
首先,在Solid Works软件环境下对全路况林火巡护与扑救车辆主要结构部件进行几何建模和虚拟装配,得到整车三维实体模型。将Solid Works中的三维实体模型通过文件转换导入到仿真软件ADAMS中,根据各部件的相对约束、运动关系,在ADAMS中建立了该车整车多体动力学模型。第二,在Adams/car中进行了两侧车轮同向跳动虚拟试验,在试验中利用Adams/Insight对前悬架参数进行优化。第三,在论证模型可行性的基础上,基于ADAMS的虚拟环境,分别进行了随机路面输入和脉冲路面输入的平顺性仿真分析,讨论了所输出的特性曲线,达到了了解整车动力学特性的目的。然后,进行了平顺性驾驶实车试验,掌握了车辆在各种不平路面行驶的状态、性能。
最后,结合我国汽车性能试验标准,在不同环境模式下,对全路况林火巡护与扑救车辆的平顺性、制动性和地形通过性在时域响应和频域响应进行了计算和仿真,参考相关标准对试验结果进行了分析和评价。参照实际车辆试验标准对全路况林火巡护与扑救车辆的平顺性、制动性和地形通过性进行了实车试验,并与虚拟仿真结果进行了对比分析,结果表明虚拟仿真试验结果与实车试验数据非常接近。这为评估、改进、优化同类型车辆提供了重要的理论参考。该仿真研究为整车的设计开发提供了更加科学的方法,解决了一些相关车辆运动学和动力学难题,从而提高了设计水平,缩短设计开发周期,减少成本,为提高我国全路况林火巡护与扑救车辆自主开发能力做了有益的探索。
Traditional design process includes prototype manufacture, test evaluation and feedback design. Every circulation process is accompanied with physics prototype's establishment or modification, and then brings out longer developing period and higher cost. While using virtual technology for products development, and realize whole process digitally could avoid establishing physic models, shortening period, reducing cost, enhancing design quality, and improve service ability for customer and market demand.
Taking a forestry fire patrol and fighting omni-terrain vehicle as prototype, this thesis adopted virtual prototype technology to establish multi-body dynamic model. Then this thesis simulated ride comfort, braking performance, terrain trafficability, and analyzed simulation results, found out main factors for those abilities, and put forward modification methods.
Firstly, according to the vehicle construction, this thesis established geometry model and carried out virtual assembling under Solid-works, and got the whole three-dimension model. Then leading this model into ADAMS, according to relationship between parts, this thesis established whole multi-body dynamic model. Secondly, tires of both sides same direction jumping virtual experiment was also carried out in Adams/car, and Adams/Insight was used for optimization of front suspension. Thirdly, on the basis of model and ADMAS environment, random road and impulse road input ride comfort was also simulated in this thesis, and this thesis discussed character curve, then realized the aim about whole vehicle dynamic characteristics. Then, through experiments, situation and performance on various roads were also presented.
At last, combining with factual vehicle experiment standards, in various environment ways, large time-domain and frequency-domain response calculation and simulation about vehicle's ride comfort, braking performance and terrain trafficability were carried out, then this thesis analyzed and evaluated the results referring to real vehicle's experiment standards. Vehicle experiments were completed on the forestry patrol and fighting omni-terrain vehicle to test its ride comfort, braking performance and terrain trafficability according to vehicle experiment standards, and these experiments were further contrasted with virtual simulation. The results show that real data is accordance with the virtual data, which provides important theoretical reference for evaluation, improvement and optimization of the same type vehicles. The simulations provide more scientific methods for whole vehicle's design and development, solve some kinematics and dynamic problems, and promote design level, shortens development period, reduce cost, and provide good references for promoting the home-made forestry fire patrol and fighting vehicle's design level.
本研究以现有的全路况林火巡护与扑救车辆为原型和研究对象,采用功能化虚样机技术建立了该车的多体动力学模型。基于虚拟试验场对模型进行了平顺性、制动性和地形通过性仿真,并对试验仿真结果进行分析和评价,辨识了影响全路况林火巡护与扑救车辆平顺性、制动性和地形通过性的主要因素,并提出了优化设计方案。
首先,在Solid Works软件环境下对全路况林火巡护与扑救车辆主要结构部件进行几何建模和虚拟装配,得到整车三维实体模型。将Solid Works中的三维实体模型通过文件转换导入到仿真软件ADAMS中,根据各部件的相对约束、运动关系,在ADAMS中建立了该车整车多体动力学模型。第二,在Adams/car中进行了两侧车轮同向跳动虚拟试验,在试验中利用Adams/Insight对前悬架参数进行优化。第三,在论证模型可行性的基础上,基于ADAMS的虚拟环境,分别进行了随机路面输入和脉冲路面输入的平顺性仿真分析,讨论了所输出的特性曲线,达到了了解整车动力学特性的目的。然后,进行了平顺性驾驶实车试验,掌握了车辆在各种不平路面行驶的状态、性能。
最后,结合我国汽车性能试验标准,在不同环境模式下,对全路况林火巡护与扑救车辆的平顺性、制动性和地形通过性在时域响应和频域响应进行了计算和仿真,参考相关标准对试验结果进行了分析和评价。参照实际车辆试验标准对全路况林火巡护与扑救车辆的平顺性、制动性和地形通过性进行了实车试验,并与虚拟仿真结果进行了对比分析,结果表明虚拟仿真试验结果与实车试验数据非常接近。这为评估、改进、优化同类型车辆提供了重要的理论参考。该仿真研究为整车的设计开发提供了更加科学的方法,解决了一些相关车辆运动学和动力学难题,从而提高了设计水平,缩短设计开发周期,减少成本,为提高我国全路况林火巡护与扑救车辆自主开发能力做了有益的探索。
Traditional design process includes prototype manufacture, test evaluation and feedback design. Every circulation process is accompanied with physics prototype's establishment or modification, and then brings out longer developing period and higher cost. While using virtual technology for products development, and realize whole process digitally could avoid establishing physic models, shortening period, reducing cost, enhancing design quality, and improve service ability for customer and market demand.
Taking a forestry fire patrol and fighting omni-terrain vehicle as prototype, this thesis adopted virtual prototype technology to establish multi-body dynamic model. Then this thesis simulated ride comfort, braking performance, terrain trafficability, and analyzed simulation results, found out main factors for those abilities, and put forward modification methods.
Firstly, according to the vehicle construction, this thesis established geometry model and carried out virtual assembling under Solid-works, and got the whole three-dimension model. Then leading this model into ADAMS, according to relationship between parts, this thesis established whole multi-body dynamic model. Secondly, tires of both sides same direction jumping virtual experiment was also carried out in Adams/car, and Adams/Insight was used for optimization of front suspension. Thirdly, on the basis of model and ADMAS environment, random road and impulse road input ride comfort was also simulated in this thesis, and this thesis discussed character curve, then realized the aim about whole vehicle dynamic characteristics. Then, through experiments, situation and performance on various roads were also presented.
At last, combining with factual vehicle experiment standards, in various environment ways, large time-domain and frequency-domain response calculation and simulation about vehicle's ride comfort, braking performance and terrain trafficability were carried out, then this thesis analyzed and evaluated the results referring to real vehicle's experiment standards. Vehicle experiments were completed on the forestry patrol and fighting omni-terrain vehicle to test its ride comfort, braking performance and terrain trafficability according to vehicle experiment standards, and these experiments were further contrasted with virtual simulation. The results show that real data is accordance with the virtual data, which provides important theoretical reference for evaluation, improvement and optimization of the same type vehicles. The simulations provide more scientific methods for whole vehicle's design and development, solve some kinematics and dynamic problems, and promote design level, shortens development period, reduce cost, and provide good references for promoting the home-made forestry fire patrol and fighting vehicle's design level.
引文
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