高等级公路收费站通行能力评价研究
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摘要
高等级公路收费站的通行能力直接影响着路段通行能力,从而在总体上制约着公路的交通运行状况。因此提高高等级公路收费站的通行能力和服务水平,是改善高等级公路通行能力及服务水平的有效方法。
论文首先介绍了收费站及其通行能力的概念,介绍了国内外高等级公路收费站通行能力研究背景及现状,并在此基础上理性分析了云南地区高等级公路收费站的交通流特性,确定了收费站上游来车分布、各种车型在收费站的服务时间和离去时间的统计分布,并且对这些特征参数进行了标定。
其次,论文以C#为开发工具,通过对公路收费站交通流运行特征和分布特征的分析,建立了高等级公路收费站微观仿真模型。模型考虑了不同车型服务时间分布的差异以及车辆选择排队的实际因素,可以对不同交通组成下公路收费站的通行能力以及车辆排队延误等服务水平指标进行仿真分析。
最后,把收费站服务水平划分为基于用户运行条件的运行服务水平OLOS和基于系统管理者从收费站利用率角度考虑的相对服务水平RLOS的观点,提出用收费站平均排队长度和平均排队时间相结合作为相对服务水平评价指标,并给出分析步骤。通过对收费站服务方式的分析与探讨,提出了如何提高收费站通行能力的几种方法。
The traffic capacity of highway toll-station is influencing the traffic capacity of highway directly, thus restricting the traffic operation conditions of the highway on the whole. So improving the traffic capacity and the service level of highway toll-station is an effective method of improving the traffic capacity and service level of the highway.
Firstly, the concepts of toll-station and its traffic capacity are introduced. In addition, the background and current situation of the traffic capacity of highway toll-station in the world are continually discussed. On the basis of that, the traffic flow characters of highway toll-station in Yunnan are reasonably analyzed, and then up-flow headway distributing, sever-time in toll-station and away-time distributing of different type vehicle are fixed.
Secondly, the paper takes C# as the development tools, the highway toll-station microscopic simulation model is developed based on the operation characteristics of traffic flow and its distributing characters. The model has considered the difference in service time for different vehicle as well as the actual factor in vehicle choosing line, and carried on a simulation analysis to the traveling capability of the toll station and the service level in line delay situation under different traffic composition.
Finally, service level of toll-station is divided to two types, one is operation level of service (OLOS) based on user operation condition, and the other is relative level of service (RLOS) based on the system superintendent from the toll-station use factor angle. The paper puts forward to use the toll-station average line length and the average line time as the RLOS appraising index, and gives the analysis step. And by analysis and discuss of server way of toll-station, several methods to improve traffic capacity of highway toll-station are put forward.
论文首先介绍了收费站及其通行能力的概念,介绍了国内外高等级公路收费站通行能力研究背景及现状,并在此基础上理性分析了云南地区高等级公路收费站的交通流特性,确定了收费站上游来车分布、各种车型在收费站的服务时间和离去时间的统计分布,并且对这些特征参数进行了标定。
其次,论文以C#为开发工具,通过对公路收费站交通流运行特征和分布特征的分析,建立了高等级公路收费站微观仿真模型。模型考虑了不同车型服务时间分布的差异以及车辆选择排队的实际因素,可以对不同交通组成下公路收费站的通行能力以及车辆排队延误等服务水平指标进行仿真分析。
最后,把收费站服务水平划分为基于用户运行条件的运行服务水平OLOS和基于系统管理者从收费站利用率角度考虑的相对服务水平RLOS的观点,提出用收费站平均排队长度和平均排队时间相结合作为相对服务水平评价指标,并给出分析步骤。通过对收费站服务方式的分析与探讨,提出了如何提高收费站通行能力的几种方法。
The traffic capacity of highway toll-station is influencing the traffic capacity of highway directly, thus restricting the traffic operation conditions of the highway on the whole. So improving the traffic capacity and the service level of highway toll-station is an effective method of improving the traffic capacity and service level of the highway.
Firstly, the concepts of toll-station and its traffic capacity are introduced. In addition, the background and current situation of the traffic capacity of highway toll-station in the world are continually discussed. On the basis of that, the traffic flow characters of highway toll-station in Yunnan are reasonably analyzed, and then up-flow headway distributing, sever-time in toll-station and away-time distributing of different type vehicle are fixed.
Secondly, the paper takes C# as the development tools, the highway toll-station microscopic simulation model is developed based on the operation characteristics of traffic flow and its distributing characters. The model has considered the difference in service time for different vehicle as well as the actual factor in vehicle choosing line, and carried on a simulation analysis to the traveling capability of the toll station and the service level in line delay situation under different traffic composition.
Finally, service level of toll-station is divided to two types, one is operation level of service (OLOS) based on user operation condition, and the other is relative level of service (RLOS) based on the system superintendent from the toll-station use factor angle. The paper puts forward to use the toll-station average line length and the average line time as the RLOS appraising index, and gives the analysis step. And by analysis and discuss of server way of toll-station, several methods to improve traffic capacity of highway toll-station are put forward.
引文
[1]张起森,张亚平.道路通行能力分析[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2002.
[2]《道路通行能力手册》1985年版[M].任福田等译.北京工业大学交通工程室.建筑工业出版社.
[3]公路工程技术标准.JTJ-o1.97[S].北京:人民交通出版社.1997.
[4]道路通行能力研究,《起始报告》,《研究进度报告》(1)、(2)、(3)、(4)、(5)、(6),中国国道研究项目,世界银行贷款项目(河南/河北),1996.5.
[5]道路通行能力国际研讨会论文集.南京.1998.
[6]Woo,T.Hugh And Lester A.Hoel.1991."An Investigation Of Toll Plaza Capacity And Level Of Service".Virginia Transportation Research Council.
[7]Special Report 209:"Highway Capacity Manual.Third edition" Washington D C::TRB,National Research Council,1994.
[8]张智勇,曲峰.M/G/K排队模型的北京地区高速公路收费站通行能力研究[J].公路,2001,(7):128-133.
[9]郑建兴,江平.泉夏高速公路收费站设计[J].公路交通科技,1995,12(4):24-30.
[10]邓卫,吴海翔.公路收费口通行能力研究[J].中国公路学报,2000,13(2):87-90.
[11]丹尼尔(美)L.鸠洛夫等.交通流理论(中译本).人民交通出版社.1983.
[12]日本道路工团,日本高速公路设计要领,交通部工程管理司译制组译,陕西旅游出版社,1991.
[13]丁创新.高等级公路收费站通行能力研究.昆明.[东南大学硕士学位论文]:2005
[14]Highway Capacity and Level of Service.Proceedings of the international Symposium on Highway Capacity Karsruhe,July 1991.
[15]周刚,常成利.高速公路收费站通行能力研究[J].公路交通科技,2001,18(3):56-59.
[16]Hensher David.Electronic Toll Collection Transportation Research Part A-General.Jan.1991.V25 N1:9-16.
[17]ESSAM.RADWAN and SYLVESTER A.F.KALEVELA Investigation of the Effect of Change in Vehicular Characteristics on Highway Capacity and Level of Service Transportation Research Record 1005.
[18]R.Rocess.Freeway Level Of Service:A Received Approach.TRB,Transportation Research Record 699,1979.
[19]吴海翔.公路收费口通行能力分析.南京.[东南大学硕士学位论文]:1998.
[20]M.Schofield.Speed,Flow and Capacity on the M6 Motorway.Traffic Engineering Control.Oct.1986.
[21]James H.Banks.Freeway Speed-Flow-Concentration Relationships:More Evidence and Interpretations.TRR.1988.
[22]周荣贵、张智勇等.公路路段自由流速度与通行能力分析.公路科研中心学术交流会论文集,1998.6,北京.
[23]Fred L.Hall,Frank O.Montgomery.The Investigation of an Alternative interpretation of the Speed-Flow Relationship for U.K.Motorways.Traffic Engineering Control.1993(9).
[24]陆凤山.排队论及其应用[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版社.1984.
[25]葛颖恩、杨佩昆.谈数学模型在交通需求预测中的应用[J].交通工程.1997.
[26]《数学模型》,姜启源编,高等教育出版社,1993.
[27]交通部公路所、北京工业大学.等级公路适应交通量和折算系数标准研究报告.1994.
[28]等级公路适应交通量和折算系数标准研究报告.北京:交通部公路科学研究所,北京工业大学,1994.
[29]周荣贵,常成利等.公路路段车辆折算系数的分析计算.公路科研中心学术交流会论文集,1998.6,北京.
[30]黄晨、孔雷军.广深高速公路服务水平评估[J].交通工程.1997(3).
[31]常成利.双向双车道公路服务水平分析模型和划分标准研究[硕士学位论文].北京.北京工业大学.1999.
[32]曾胜,甘先永.高速公路收费广场服务水平分析方法的探讨[J].长沙交通学院院报,2000.6:73-76
[33]许乙敏.收费站出入口的平面布置形式和收费车道数的确定[J].天津建设科技,2001.2:32-34
[34]H.Nam and Donald R.Drew,Traffic Dynamics:Method for Estimating Freeway Travel Times in Real Time from Flow Measurements.Journal of Transportation Engineering,1996.
[35]张亚平.快速路基本路段交通流特征和通行能力研究[博士学位论文].哈尔滨.哈尔滨工业大学.2005.
[36]楼小女.一种提高收费口效率的新方法[J].国外公路,2000,4(2):7-9
[37]郭秋文.提高高速公路收费站通行能力的几点建议.交通与社会.
[38]David Levinson and Elva Chang.2000."Developing Electronic Tolls." California PATH Research Report UCB-ITS-PRR-2000-11.
[39]Zarrillo,m;Radwan,A;Al-Deek,H.1997.Modeling Traffic Operations At Electronic Toll Collection And Traffic Management Systems Computers & Industrial Engine ering,V33 N3-4:857-861
[40]刘元良、丁刚.同一车道复式收费亭收费模式的研究和实践[J].中国交通信息产业.2007,11:81-84
[2]《道路通行能力手册》1985年版[M].任福田等译.北京工业大学交通工程室.建筑工业出版社.
[3]公路工程技术标准.JTJ-o1.97[S].北京:人民交通出版社.1997.
[4]道路通行能力研究,《起始报告》,《研究进度报告》(1)、(2)、(3)、(4)、(5)、(6),中国国道研究项目,世界银行贷款项目(河南/河北),1996.5.
[5]道路通行能力国际研讨会论文集.南京.1998.
[6]Woo,T.Hugh And Lester A.Hoel.1991."An Investigation Of Toll Plaza Capacity And Level Of Service".Virginia Transportation Research Council.
[7]Special Report 209:"Highway Capacity Manual.Third edition" Washington D C::TRB,National Research Council,1994.
[8]张智勇,曲峰.M/G/K排队模型的北京地区高速公路收费站通行能力研究[J].公路,2001,(7):128-133.
[9]郑建兴,江平.泉夏高速公路收费站设计[J].公路交通科技,1995,12(4):24-30.
[10]邓卫,吴海翔.公路收费口通行能力研究[J].中国公路学报,2000,13(2):87-90.
[11]丹尼尔(美)L.鸠洛夫等.交通流理论(中译本).人民交通出版社.1983.
[12]日本道路工团,日本高速公路设计要领,交通部工程管理司译制组译,陕西旅游出版社,1991.
[13]丁创新.高等级公路收费站通行能力研究.昆明.[东南大学硕士学位论文]:2005
[14]Highway Capacity and Level of Service.Proceedings of the international Symposium on Highway Capacity Karsruhe,July 1991.
[15]周刚,常成利.高速公路收费站通行能力研究[J].公路交通科技,2001,18(3):56-59.
[16]Hensher David.Electronic Toll Collection Transportation Research Part A-General.Jan.1991.V25 N1:9-16.
[17]ESSAM.RADWAN and SYLVESTER A.F.KALEVELA Investigation of the Effect of Change in Vehicular Characteristics on Highway Capacity and Level of Service Transportation Research Record 1005.
[18]R.Rocess.Freeway Level Of Service:A Received Approach.TRB,Transportation Research Record 699,1979.
[19]吴海翔.公路收费口通行能力分析.南京.[东南大学硕士学位论文]:1998.
[20]M.Schofield.Speed,Flow and Capacity on the M6 Motorway.Traffic Engineering Control.Oct.1986.
[21]James H.Banks.Freeway Speed-Flow-Concentration Relationships:More Evidence and Interpretations.TRR.1988.
[22]周荣贵、张智勇等.公路路段自由流速度与通行能力分析.公路科研中心学术交流会论文集,1998.6,北京.
[23]Fred L.Hall,Frank O.Montgomery.The Investigation of an Alternative interpretation of the Speed-Flow Relationship for U.K.Motorways.Traffic Engineering Control.1993(9).
[24]陆凤山.排队论及其应用[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版社.1984.
[25]葛颖恩、杨佩昆.谈数学模型在交通需求预测中的应用[J].交通工程.1997.
[26]《数学模型》,姜启源编,高等教育出版社,1993.
[27]交通部公路所、北京工业大学.等级公路适应交通量和折算系数标准研究报告.1994.
[28]等级公路适应交通量和折算系数标准研究报告.北京:交通部公路科学研究所,北京工业大学,1994.
[29]周荣贵,常成利等.公路路段车辆折算系数的分析计算.公路科研中心学术交流会论文集,1998.6,北京.
[30]黄晨、孔雷军.广深高速公路服务水平评估[J].交通工程.1997(3).
[31]常成利.双向双车道公路服务水平分析模型和划分标准研究[硕士学位论文].北京.北京工业大学.1999.
[32]曾胜,甘先永.高速公路收费广场服务水平分析方法的探讨[J].长沙交通学院院报,2000.6:73-76
[33]许乙敏.收费站出入口的平面布置形式和收费车道数的确定[J].天津建设科技,2001.2:32-34
[34]H.Nam and Donald R.Drew,Traffic Dynamics:Method for Estimating Freeway Travel Times in Real Time from Flow Measurements.Journal of Transportation Engineering,1996.
[35]张亚平.快速路基本路段交通流特征和通行能力研究[博士学位论文].哈尔滨.哈尔滨工业大学.2005.
[36]楼小女.一种提高收费口效率的新方法[J].国外公路,2000,4(2):7-9
[37]郭秋文.提高高速公路收费站通行能力的几点建议.交通与社会.
[38]David Levinson and Elva Chang.2000."Developing Electronic Tolls." California PATH Research Report UCB-ITS-PRR-2000-11.
[39]Zarrillo,m;Radwan,A;Al-Deek,H.1997.Modeling Traffic Operations At Electronic Toll Collection And Traffic Management Systems Computers & Industrial Engine ering,V33 N3-4:857-861
[40]刘元良、丁刚.同一车道复式收费亭收费模式的研究和实践[J].中国交通信息产业.2007,11:81-84