配送中心货物配装中车辆选择问题研究
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摘要
随着现代物流技术在我国物流企业的实践与应用,作为现代物流中七个环节之首的运输业的飞速发展,对于我国物流业的腾飞可以说是功不可没。同时公路基础设施的进一步改善加快我国公路运输物流的发展,因此对货运车辆的需求不断增加,对货运车辆的要求也越来越高。货运车辆作为运输的载体,关系到货运能力、货运质量、货运安全。然而长期以来,人们习惯单纯以运输谈运输就车辆论车辆,仅考虑如何把货物运到,很少把运输、货运车辆及其周边设备作为整体进行研究,也较少涉及将货运车辆与整个物流链联系起来认识运输成本居高不下、运输效率低以及运输质量无法保证等潜在问题。因此,除了要注重运输管理和调度外,还必须高度关注货运车辆与物流的整体性与协调性,根据货物的属性、特点,选择合适的车辆、线路,实现现代物流多赢的目。
本文首先从配送中心货物配装问题的构成要素入手,包括货物、车辆、配送中心、客户、约束条件和目标函数等要素的属性进行系统分析,接着根据物流运输系统的特点和要求,分别阐述配送中心的货运车辆种类、作业流程、理货和装车的原则和配送网络四个方面。依据以上理论和实际研究为基础,分析物流运输与货运车辆的关系,货运车辆的发展现状及趋势。从运输经济性、快速性和安全性三个方面对多车型的货物配装中货运车辆的选择进行评价分析。同时根据每个评价指标的不同性质和特点,运用无量纲化的方法对指标数据进行标准化和规范化,并引入统计学中的斯皮尔曼(Spearman)等级相关系数,对不同的无量纲化的方法进行可靠性分析。最后结合M集团和A物流配送有限公司的实例,尝试运用层次分析方法,构建定量分析和定性分析相结合的货运车辆选择评价模型,求解出最优的货物配载方案。进一步验证模型的科学性和实用性。
As the advantaged logistics technologies applied and practiced in the enterprise of china,as the first link in modern logistics the transportation develops rapidly in china,it contributes a lot to the development of the logistics.And the improvement of the road infrastructure will accelerate the development of ehina's road transportation industry,the requirement of the road transportation increases ceaselessly,and it also ask a lot to the characteristics of the transport vehicles.Such the vehicles are the carries of the transportation,which relate to the transportation capability,quality and safety,but in a long term,people used to believing that the transportation is the transportation and the vehicles are the vehicles,just thinking about how to transport the goods to the destination,and rarely treated the transportation,vehicles and the related facilities as one whole research object,the idea to connect the transportation vehicles and the supply chain are less referred to the problems which help understand the high cost and the low efficiency and the uncertain quality of the transportation.Therefore,we should not only focus on the transportation management and distribution,but also on the integration and the coordination of vehicles and logistics.According to the characters of the cargo,then to choose the proper vehicles and the route,all of these lead to a win-win situation in logistics.
In the first place,the factors of the cargo loading problems are analyzed in the article,including the systemic analysis of the cargo,vehicle distribution center、customer、the constraint conditions and the objective function etc.In the second place,the four aspects of the distribution are explained according to the characters and requirement in the logistic system,such as the kinds of the transportation vehicles、operation process、the principle of the tally and loading、distribution net work.According to such the theories and the average research、the AHP model is applied in the analysis,including three aspects that are transportation economic、transportation speed and transportation safety,such the analysis tends to select the proper cargo vehicle and to design the model for the selection and evaluation of the cargo vehicle,which combines the quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis. According to the different characters of every evaluation,the dimensionless method is applied to standardize and regulate the evaluation data,and the statistical Spearman rank correlation coefficient is brought in to analyze the reliability of the dimensionless method.In the end,with the example of the M company group and the A distribution company,the model for the cargo vehicle choice and evaluation is proved,it is scientific and practical and the optimum plan could be given by this method.
本文首先从配送中心货物配装问题的构成要素入手,包括货物、车辆、配送中心、客户、约束条件和目标函数等要素的属性进行系统分析,接着根据物流运输系统的特点和要求,分别阐述配送中心的货运车辆种类、作业流程、理货和装车的原则和配送网络四个方面。依据以上理论和实际研究为基础,分析物流运输与货运车辆的关系,货运车辆的发展现状及趋势。从运输经济性、快速性和安全性三个方面对多车型的货物配装中货运车辆的选择进行评价分析。同时根据每个评价指标的不同性质和特点,运用无量纲化的方法对指标数据进行标准化和规范化,并引入统计学中的斯皮尔曼(Spearman)等级相关系数,对不同的无量纲化的方法进行可靠性分析。最后结合M集团和A物流配送有限公司的实例,尝试运用层次分析方法,构建定量分析和定性分析相结合的货运车辆选择评价模型,求解出最优的货物配载方案。进一步验证模型的科学性和实用性。
As the advantaged logistics technologies applied and practiced in the enterprise of china,as the first link in modern logistics the transportation develops rapidly in china,it contributes a lot to the development of the logistics.And the improvement of the road infrastructure will accelerate the development of ehina's road transportation industry,the requirement of the road transportation increases ceaselessly,and it also ask a lot to the characteristics of the transport vehicles.Such the vehicles are the carries of the transportation,which relate to the transportation capability,quality and safety,but in a long term,people used to believing that the transportation is the transportation and the vehicles are the vehicles,just thinking about how to transport the goods to the destination,and rarely treated the transportation,vehicles and the related facilities as one whole research object,the idea to connect the transportation vehicles and the supply chain are less referred to the problems which help understand the high cost and the low efficiency and the uncertain quality of the transportation.Therefore,we should not only focus on the transportation management and distribution,but also on the integration and the coordination of vehicles and logistics.According to the characters of the cargo,then to choose the proper vehicles and the route,all of these lead to a win-win situation in logistics.
In the first place,the factors of the cargo loading problems are analyzed in the article,including the systemic analysis of the cargo,vehicle distribution center、customer、the constraint conditions and the objective function etc.In the second place,the four aspects of the distribution are explained according to the characters and requirement in the logistic system,such as the kinds of the transportation vehicles、operation process、the principle of the tally and loading、distribution net work.According to such the theories and the average research、the AHP model is applied in the analysis,including three aspects that are transportation economic、transportation speed and transportation safety,such the analysis tends to select the proper cargo vehicle and to design the model for the selection and evaluation of the cargo vehicle,which combines the quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis. According to the different characters of every evaluation,the dimensionless method is applied to standardize and regulate the evaluation data,and the statistical Spearman rank correlation coefficient is brought in to analyze the reliability of the dimensionless method.In the end,with the example of the M company group and the A distribution company,the model for the cargo vehicle choice and evaluation is proved,it is scientific and practical and the optimum plan could be given by this method.
引文
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[2]何明坷等.中华人民共和国国家标准—物流术语(GB/T18354-2001)[P].国家标准出版社,2001.
[3]王之泰.现代物流学[M].中国物资出版社,1998.4-6.
[4]David Pisinger.Heuristics for the container loading problem[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2002(141):382-392.
[5]Michael Eley.Solving container loading problem by block arrangement[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2002(141):393-409.
[6]Bortfeldt A,Gehring H,Mack D.A parallel tabu search algorithm for solving the container loading problem[J].Parallel Computing,2003(29):641-662.
[7]Daniel Mack,Andreas Bortfeldt,Hermann Gehring.A parallel hybrid local search algorithm for the container loading problem[J].International Transactions in Operational Research,2004.11(5):511-534.
[8]Fred Glover,Said Hanafi.Tabu search and finite convergence[J].Discrete Applied Mathematics,2002:333-336.
[9]E.Hopper,B.C.H.Turton.A review of the application of meta-heuristic algorithms to 2D strip packing problems[J].Artificial Intelligence Review,2001(16):257-300.
[10]Azibi R,Vanderpooten D.Construction of rule-based assignment models[J].European Journal of Operational research,2002.138(2):274-293.
[11]Mousseau V,Figueira J,Naux J.Using assignment examples to infer weights for ELECTRETRI method:Some experimental results[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2001.130(2):263-275.
[12]Andrea lodi,Silvano Martello,Daniele Vigo.Approximation algorithms for the oriented two-dimensional bin packing pblem[J].Europe Journal of Operational Research,1999(112):158-166.
[13]Mousseau V,Figueira J,Naux J.Using assignment examples to infer weights for ELECTRETRI method:Some experimental results[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2001.130(2):263-275.
[14]姜义东,查建中,何大勇.集装箱装载矩形货物的布局研究[J].铁道学报,2000.22(6):13-18.
[15]樊建华,黄有群,刘嘉敏.集装箱装入算法的研究[J].沈阳工业大学学报,2002.24(4):306-308.
[16]刘嘉敏,马广馄,黄有群.基于组合的三维集装箱装入启发式算法的研究[J].工程图学学报,2005(1):22-25.
[17]阎威武,邵惠鹤,田雅杰.集装箱装载的一种启发式算法[J].信息与控制,2002.31(4):7-10.
[18]何大勇,查建中,姜义东.遗传算法求解复杂集装箱装载问题方法研究[J].软件学,2001.12(9):1380-1385.
[19]丁香乾,韩运实,张晓丽.自适应遗传算法解决集装箱装载问题的方法探讨[J].中国海洋大学学报,2004.34(5):844-848.
[20]曹先彬,庄镇泉.一个基于启发式经验的立体布局进化策略[J].电子科学,1998.20(4):404-408.
[21]曹先彬,刘克胜,王煦法.基于免疫遗传算法的装箱问题求解[J].小型微型计算机系统,2000(4):361-363.
[22]王金敏,马丰宁,刘黎.模拟退火算法在布局求解中的应用[J].机械设计,2000.17(2):6-9
[23]卜雷、尹传忠、蒲云.零担货物序贯装箱优化问题的遗传模拟退火算法[J].西南交通大学学报,2002.37(5):531-535.
[24]方永慧,刘光远,贺一,等.一种基于插入法的禁忌搜索算法[J].西南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2003.28(6):887-891.
[25]董宗然.基于禁忌搜索算法的集装箱装载问题研究[D].沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2007.
[26]Seheithauer G,Sommerweib U.4-Block heuristic for the rectangle packing problem[J].European Journal of Operational Research,1998(108):509-526.
[27]Bhattacharya S,Roy R.An exact depth—first algorithm for the pallet loading problem[J].European Journal of Operational Research,1998(110):610-625.
[28]Josef Neiliben.How to use structure constrains to compute an upper bound for the pallet loading problem[J].European Journal Operational Research,1995(84):36-42.
[29]Bhattacharya S,Roy R.Bhattacharya S.An exact depth-first algorithm for the pallet loading problem[J].European Journal of Operational Research,1998(110):610-625.
[30]Sweeney P E,Patemoster E R.A categorized,application- orientated research[J].Journal of Operational Research Society,1992.43(7):691-706.
[31]马士华,刘小群.零散货物装载的一种快速算法[J].预测,2005.24(2):64-67.
[32]李建民,孟庆霞.共同配送中的车货配载问题多目标规划研究[J].武汉理工大学学报(信息与管理工程版),2007.29(4):125-131.
[33]郑玲玲,黄世祥.层次分析法在货物配载问题中的应用[J].物流科技,2008(1):16-19.
[34]孙黎宏,许恒勤.多包装形式下货物配装问题的研究[J].森林工程,2006.22(5):69-70.
[35]孙焰,李致中.求X目标配装的多项式近似算法[J].长沙铁道学院学,1997.15(2):33-39.
[36]徐天亮,刘晓群.多品种货物配装的优化方法[J].华中科技大学学报(自然科学版),2003.31(9):15-17.
[37]Liu Xiao-qun,Ma Shi-hua.Optimization algorithm of multr truck multi category goods loading based on benchmark methods[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2007.7(1):99-105.
[38]覃运梅,王玲玲.货物配载优化问题的研究[J].广西工学院学报,2007.18(3):48-50.
[39]柳伯超,秦茂玲等.改进粒子群算法在货物装载中的应用[J].软件工程,2006(5):86-88.
[40]毋波,刘扬等.与运输路线有关的货物装载模型与算法[J].数学杂志,2003.23(1):49-53.
[41]孟国强,孙王可.我国托盘应用现状和发展建议[J].中国物流与采购,2004(12):12-16.
[42]沈进军.中国物流行业用车现状[J].货运车辆,2007(2):32-33.
[43]张维.商用车调整期的贡献者—轻型货车市场解析[J].汽车与配件,2006(8):29-31.
[44]王更义.中国重型物流用车市场分析[J].货运车辆,2007(4):52-54.
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