基于企业整体模型的订单生产的车间运作过程研究
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摘要
本论文针对典型订单生产的具体特点和现有企业存在的MRP-Ⅱ和CAPP、PDM等系统各自独立，造成信息孤岛这一弊端，研究基于企业整体模型，以优化生产排产，减少库存在制品和半成品为目标的车间运作管理系统。讨论了系统所需解决的几个主要问题：订单管理，生产能力和能力需求计划，同步线形生产的能力需求计划的算法，提前期管理。由于车间计划是车间生产的关键环节，本文首先以优化车间计划制定为目标，研究了生产能力和能力需求计划，给出了相约同步线形生产的能力需求计划的算法。然后，按照面向过程并体现面向客户的思想，将车间的业务流程作了向前和向后拓展。通过业务流程重构，建立了以减少库存在制品和半成品为目标的车间运作模型，包括功能模型和信息流模型以及车间的CIMS结构。实现了工艺数据和产品数据对车间的导入。采用面向对象技术，建立了计划、质量、车间工艺，设备管理和调度类，并以产品信息为中介实现数据的集成。为了提高系统的处理事物的能力以及尽可能地避免数据冗余，数据库表作了关联性设计，并将产品属性的变化信息引进数据结构的设计中。在以上基础上，开发了带有自动和手动两种功能的原型系统。
To fit typical make-to-order enterprise and solve the problem that MRP-II, CAPP and PDM are separated to be lonely information island, this paper researches on workshop process information whose objective is to optimize production plan, to decrease work-in-process(WIP) inventors and half end-product, based on enterprise integrated model. The main problems are also discussed such as order arrangement, capacity, capacity requirement plan, dynamic capacity plan based on agreement synchronous linear produce and lead-time control. Since shop plan is the key of shop producing, with the goal to optimize producing workshop plan, the paper discusses the capacity and capacity requirement plan and provides an agreement synchronous linear production algorithm. After that, business process in jobshop is developed forward and backward according to the thought which faces to the course and the customer. Based on the business process reengineering, shop operation model is built with the goal to decrease WIP and half end-pro
duct, including function model, information model and CIMS structure. Thus the data indraught from CAPP and PDM to job-shop is realized .Based on Object-Oriented technology, plan class, quality class, shop class, equipment class and dispatch class are built. Then data integration among classes is solved under product information as a medium among them. Finally, to decrease the redundance, the table of database is designed relatively and the field is designed with information of production attribute changed. Above all, a prototype system with two functions--automatic and manual, is developed.
To fit typical make-to-order enterprise and solve the problem that MRP-II, CAPP and PDM are separated to be lonely information island, this paper researches on workshop process information whose objective is to optimize production plan, to decrease work-in-process(WIP) inventors and half end-product, based on enterprise integrated model. The main problems are also discussed such as order arrangement, capacity, capacity requirement plan, dynamic capacity plan based on agreement synchronous linear produce and lead-time control. Since shop plan is the key of shop producing, with the goal to optimize producing workshop plan, the paper discusses the capacity and capacity requirement plan and provides an agreement synchronous linear production algorithm. After that, business process in jobshop is developed forward and backward according to the thought which faces to the course and the customer. Based on the business process reengineering, shop operation model is built with the goal to decrease WIP and half end-pro
duct, including function model, information model and CIMS structure. Thus the data indraught from CAPP and PDM to job-shop is realized .Based on Object-Oriented technology, plan class, quality class, shop class, equipment class and dispatch class are built. Then data integration among classes is solved under product information as a medium among them. Finally, to decrease the redundance, the table of database is designed relatively and the field is designed with information of production attribute changed. Above all, a prototype system with two functions--automatic and manual, is developed.
引文
[1] 理查德B．蔡斯，尼古拉斯丁．阿奎拉诺，F．罗伯特．雅各布斯著，宋国防等译．《生产运作与管理．》，机械工业出版社，(1999)．
[2] B. G. Kingsman, L. Hendry, A. Mercer, and A. D. Souza, Responding to customer enquiries in make-to-order companies problems and solutions, Int. ,J. Production Economics, 6-47(1996), 219-231.
[3] s.x. Bai, S. B. Gershwin, scheduling manufacturing systems with work-in-process inventory control: multiple-part-type systems, International Journal of Production Research 32(2)(1994)365-385.
[4] C. K. chu Sidney. A mathematical Programming approach toward optimized master production scheduling, International Journal of Production Economics 38(2-3) (1995) 269-279.
[5] A. Cianci. mino, I. lari, C. valant, Process/Product integrated planning in a manufacturing system: A linear programming model ,European Journal of operational research 61(1)(1992)311-319.
[6] T. E. vollmann, W, LBerry , P. C. Whybark. Manufacturing planning and control systems, Irwin ,Homewood, I1, 1992.
[7] P. JBillington, J. O, Mc. Clain, J. L. Thomas , mathematical programming approaches to capacity-constrained MRP systems: Review formulation and problem reduction, Management Science29(10) (1983) 1126-1141.
[8] L. Brown. N.J. Harhen , J. shivan, Production management systems, A CIM perspective, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA. 1988.
[9] L. Gelers, L. van Wassenhove, capacity planning in MRP, JIT and OPT:A critique, Engineering costs and production Economics(IFIP)9 (3) (1985) 201-209.
[10] S. Silva capacity management Get the level of detail right .Annual International Conference Proceedings-Amerixcan Production and Inventory Control Society. 1992. pp. 641-644.
[11] E. F. Watson, D, J. Medeiros, R, P. sadowski, Order release Planning using variable lead times based on a backward simulation model
International Journal of Production Research 33(10)(1995)2867-2888.
[11] 张毅，《制造资源计划MRP～Ⅱ及其应用》，清华大学出版社，2001，6．
[12] 龚国华，龚益鸣，《生产与运营管理》，复旦大学出版社，(1998)．
[13] 马玉芳，CIMS条件下单件小批生产计划的编制方法及应用，湖北汽车工业学院学报．1998年03期．
[14] 汪应洛，《工业工程手册》，东北大学出版社，(1999)，651．
[15] Kurt M. Bretthauer, Murray J. cté. Noneline programming for multip eriod capacity planning in a manufacturing system. Europen Journal of Operational Research ,96(1996) 167-169.
[16] Bitran, G. R and Tirupati, D. Trade-off curves targeting and balancing in manufacturing queuing networks, operations research 37(1989) 547-564.
[17] Bitran, G. R., and Tirupati, D. "capacity planning in manufacturing networks with discrete options" Annals of Operations Research 17(1989)119-135.
[18] Fratta, L. ,GerlaMerla, M., and kleinrock, "The flow deviation method: an approach to store-and-forward communication network design", Network 3 (1973)97-133.
[19] Gerla, M., and Kleinrock, L., "On the topological design of distributed computer networks" IEEE Transactions on communications 25(1977)48-60.
[20] Kershenbaum, A, kermani, P. and Grover, G. MENTOR: "A algorithm for mesh network topological optimization and routing ",IEEE transaction on Communications 39(1991)503-513.
[21] Kleinrock, L., Queuing Systems Volume Ⅱ computer Applications. 35 (1987) 202-209.
[22] Veroy, B, and Zwass, V., "Embedding a point-to-point network in the expansion of infrastructure for information systems" Journal of management Information systems 4 (1987-88)50-63.
[23] Kurt M. Bretthauer, capacity planning in manufacturing and computer
networks European Journal of Operational Research 91(1996) 386-394.
[24] Z. Bahroun, J-P. Campagne, M. Moalla. The overlapping production planning : A new approach of bounded capacity management ,Int. J. Production Economics , 64(2000), 21-36.
[25] H. Hillion, J. M. Proth, Finite capacity flow control in a multi-stage/multi-product environment, International Journal of Production Research, 32(5)(1994), 1119-1136.
[26] 奥古斯特．威廉谢林著，陈戎译，《企业管理的计算机化》，上海科学技术出版社，(1994)．
[27] 《运筹学》编写组，《运筹学》(修订版)，清华大学出版社，(2000)．
[28] 李怀祖，《生产计划与控制》，中国科学技术出版社，(2001，6)．
[29] 陈禹六，《IDEF建模分析与设计方法》清华大学出版社，(1995，5)．
[30] 范玉顺，王刚，高展等编著，《现代集成制造系统CIMS系列 企业建模与方法导论》，清华大学出版社，施普林格出版社，(2001，10)．
[31] 范玉顺、曹军威编著，《现代集成制造系统CIMS系列 复杂系统的面向对象的建模 分析与设计》，清华大学出版社，施普林格出版社，2001年10月．
[32] 美Boggs，W 著，邱仲潘等译，《UML与Rational Rose 2002从入门到精通》，电子工业出版社，(2003，3)．
[33] 耿也，忽成华，陈东馨，分布式数控(DNC)系统的设计与应用．组合机床与自动加工技术．(1996，8)，29-32．
[34] 王时龙，刘飞，DNC集成技术的发展，中国机械工程．(1998，2)，54-56．
[35] 肖凌等，分布式数据库系统的研究与应用，计算机工程，(2001，1)，33-35．
[36] 萨师煊，王珊，《数据库系统概论》，高等教育出版社，(1991)，1-10．
[37] 闪四清主编，康博创作室审校，《SQL SERVER 7．0系统管理和应用开发指南》，清华大学出版社，(2000，2)．
[38] Kate Gregory著，前导工作室译，《Visual C++6 开发使用手册》，机械工业出版社，(1999，2)．
[39] [美]Ben．Ezzell著，陈辉，王辉，晓蔚译，《Windows 2000环境下Visual C++编程从入门到精通》电子工业出版社，(2000，10)．
[40] Eugene Olafsen，Kenn Scribner，K．Dayid，white等著，王建华，陈一飞，张焕生，钱飒飒等译．《MFC Visual C++编成技术内幕》，机械工业出版社，(2000，2)．
[41] 刘刀桂，孟繁晶，《Visual C++实践与提高——数据库篇》，中国铁道出版社，(2001)．
[42] 扬晓鹏，宗明等编著，《Visual C++ 7.0实用编程技术》，中国水利水电出版社，(2001，1)．
[43] 夏云庆．Visual C++ 7.0《数据库实用编程》，希望电子出版社，(2002，1)。
[44] 余英，梁刚编著，《Visual C++实践与提高COM和COM~+篇》，中国铁道出版社，(2001)．
[45] 童秉枢，李建明主编，《现代集成制造系统CIMS系列 产品数据管理(PDM)技术》，清华大学出版社，施普林格出版社，(2001，10)．
[2] B. G. Kingsman, L. Hendry, A. Mercer, and A. D. Souza, Responding to customer enquiries in make-to-order companies problems and solutions, Int. ,J. Production Economics, 6-47(1996), 219-231.
[3] s.x. Bai, S. B. Gershwin, scheduling manufacturing systems with work-in-process inventory control: multiple-part-type systems, International Journal of Production Research 32(2)(1994)365-385.
[4] C. K. chu Sidney. A mathematical Programming approach toward optimized master production scheduling, International Journal of Production Economics 38(2-3) (1995) 269-279.
[5] A. Cianci. mino, I. lari, C. valant, Process/Product integrated planning in a manufacturing system: A linear programming model ,European Journal of operational research 61(1)(1992)311-319.
[6] T. E. vollmann, W, LBerry , P. C. Whybark. Manufacturing planning and control systems, Irwin ,Homewood, I1, 1992.
[7] P. JBillington, J. O, Mc. Clain, J. L. Thomas , mathematical programming approaches to capacity-constrained MRP systems: Review formulation and problem reduction, Management Science29(10) (1983) 1126-1141.
[8] L. Brown. N.J. Harhen , J. shivan, Production management systems, A CIM perspective, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA. 1988.
[9] L. Gelers, L. van Wassenhove, capacity planning in MRP, JIT and OPT:A critique, Engineering costs and production Economics(IFIP)9 (3) (1985) 201-209.
[10] S. Silva capacity management Get the level of detail right .Annual International Conference Proceedings-Amerixcan Production and Inventory Control Society. 1992. pp. 641-644.
[11] E. F. Watson, D, J. Medeiros, R, P. sadowski, Order release Planning using variable lead times based on a backward simulation model
International Journal of Production Research 33(10)(1995)2867-2888.
[11] 张毅，《制造资源计划MRP～Ⅱ及其应用》，清华大学出版社，2001，6．
[12] 龚国华，龚益鸣，《生产与运营管理》，复旦大学出版社，(1998)．
[13] 马玉芳，CIMS条件下单件小批生产计划的编制方法及应用，湖北汽车工业学院学报．1998年03期．
[14] 汪应洛，《工业工程手册》，东北大学出版社，(1999)，651．
[15] Kurt M. Bretthauer, Murray J. cté. Noneline programming for multip eriod capacity planning in a manufacturing system. Europen Journal of Operational Research ,96(1996) 167-169.
[16] Bitran, G. R and Tirupati, D. Trade-off curves targeting and balancing in manufacturing queuing networks, operations research 37(1989) 547-564.
[17] Bitran, G. R., and Tirupati, D. "capacity planning in manufacturing networks with discrete options" Annals of Operations Research 17(1989)119-135.
[18] Fratta, L. ,GerlaMerla, M., and kleinrock, "The flow deviation method: an approach to store-and-forward communication network design", Network 3 (1973)97-133.
[19] Gerla, M., and Kleinrock, L., "On the topological design of distributed computer networks" IEEE Transactions on communications 25(1977)48-60.
[20] Kershenbaum, A, kermani, P. and Grover, G. MENTOR: "A algorithm for mesh network topological optimization and routing ",IEEE transaction on Communications 39(1991)503-513.
[21] Kleinrock, L., Queuing Systems Volume Ⅱ computer Applications. 35 (1987) 202-209.
[22] Veroy, B, and Zwass, V., "Embedding a point-to-point network in the expansion of infrastructure for information systems" Journal of management Information systems 4 (1987-88)50-63.
[23] Kurt M. Bretthauer, capacity planning in manufacturing and computer
networks European Journal of Operational Research 91(1996) 386-394.
[24] Z. Bahroun, J-P. Campagne, M. Moalla. The overlapping production planning : A new approach of bounded capacity management ,Int. J. Production Economics , 64(2000), 21-36.
[25] H. Hillion, J. M. Proth, Finite capacity flow control in a multi-stage/multi-product environment, International Journal of Production Research, 32(5)(1994), 1119-1136.
[26] 奥古斯特．威廉谢林著，陈戎译，《企业管理的计算机化》，上海科学技术出版社，(1994)．
[27] 《运筹学》编写组，《运筹学》(修订版)，清华大学出版社，(2000)．
[28] 李怀祖，《生产计划与控制》，中国科学技术出版社，(2001，6)．
[29] 陈禹六，《IDEF建模分析与设计方法》清华大学出版社，(1995，5)．
[30] 范玉顺，王刚，高展等编著，《现代集成制造系统CIMS系列 企业建模与方法导论》，清华大学出版社，施普林格出版社，(2001，10)．
[31] 范玉顺、曹军威编著，《现代集成制造系统CIMS系列 复杂系统的面向对象的建模 分析与设计》，清华大学出版社，施普林格出版社，2001年10月．
[32] 美Boggs，W 著，邱仲潘等译，《UML与Rational Rose 2002从入门到精通》，电子工业出版社，(2003，3)．
[33] 耿也，忽成华，陈东馨，分布式数控(DNC)系统的设计与应用．组合机床与自动加工技术．(1996，8)，29-32．
[34] 王时龙，刘飞，DNC集成技术的发展，中国机械工程．(1998，2)，54-56．
[35] 肖凌等，分布式数据库系统的研究与应用，计算机工程，(2001，1)，33-35．
[36] 萨师煊，王珊，《数据库系统概论》，高等教育出版社，(1991)，1-10．
[37] 闪四清主编，康博创作室审校，《SQL SERVER 7．0系统管理和应用开发指南》，清华大学出版社，(2000，2)．
[38] Kate Gregory著，前导工作室译，《Visual C++6 开发使用手册》，机械工业出版社，(1999，2)．
[39] [美]Ben．Ezzell著，陈辉，王辉，晓蔚译，《Windows 2000环境下Visual C++编程从入门到精通》电子工业出版社，(2000，10)．
[40] Eugene Olafsen，Kenn Scribner，K．Dayid，white等著，王建华，陈一飞，张焕生，钱飒飒等译．《MFC Visual C++编成技术内幕》，机械工业出版社，(2000，2)．
[41] 刘刀桂，孟繁晶，《Visual C++实践与提高——数据库篇》，中国铁道出版社，(2001)．
[42] 扬晓鹏，宗明等编著，《Visual C++ 7.0实用编程技术》，中国水利水电出版社，(2001，1)．
[43] 夏云庆．Visual C++ 7.0《数据库实用编程》，希望电子出版社，(2002，1)。
[44] 余英，梁刚编著，《Visual C++实践与提高COM和COM~+篇》，中国铁道出版社，(2001)．
[45] 童秉枢，李建明主编，《现代集成制造系统CIMS系列 产品数据管理(PDM)技术》，清华大学出版社，施普林格出版社，(2001，10)．