摘要
采用铸锭冶金方法,设计并制备了不同合金元素含量的6013铝合金,将铸锭热加工以后,测试了合金的拉伸力学性能和时效性能,采用金相显微镜观察分析了合金的显微组织结构,研究了合金中主合金元素Mg、Si,微量元素Mn、Cu添加量、均匀化温度和时间对合金组织和性能的影响。同时,还研究了6013挤压铝型材的力学性能、耐蚀性和导电性。研究结果表明:
(1)6013合金热轧、热挤压成型性优良;
(2)6013合金中含量为1.18%Mg、0.96%Si、0.50%Cu、0.36%Mn时,合金的屈服强度σ_(0.2)、抗拉强度σ_b和延伸率δ都较好。6013合金实验热轧板材经固溶处理后于180℃时效4小时达到峰值硬度;
(3)540℃、560℃、和580℃固溶处理25min、水淬,得到了固溶充分的固溶体,580℃的情况下晶界析出相未粗化、三晶粒交界处的角度未出现等分的120°,表明未发生过烧。组织中有强化相Mg_2Si相析出。
(4)铜含量高的挤压型材合金1,其强度略高于铜含量低的合金2,这是因为铜含量增加,可能存在的过渡相β′相等增多所致。
(5)2号挤压型材合金的耐蚀性比1号合金好,二者均比6063合金稍差。这与合金中铜含量密切相关。
(6)6013合金的电阻率比6063合金的电阻率稍高,而导电率比6063合金的稍低,这是由于6013合金的合金化程度高于6063合金所致。
(7)6013合金轧制管材尺寸及外观质量:φ130±0.5×7~(-0.5)mm,
,/7液大学工怒倾士学泣材广
内外表面光滑,无起皮、气泡、分层、夹渣、裂纹、外来夹杂物、
腐蚀斑点等;抗拉强度 6。为 31 7MPa,屈服强度 6们为 292MPa,
延伸率6为 14饰
6013 aluminum alloys containing different main alloying elements minor alloying elements were designed and prepared by ingot-metallurgy processing . The tesile mechanical and aging properties of the studied alloys were tested ; the microstructure of those alloys were observed and analyzed using optical microscope ; the influence of main alloying element Mg,Si , minor alloying elements Mn, Cu and homogenization process on the structure and property of studied alloys were studied . Mechanical properties , corrosion resistance and electric properties of 6013 alloy extruded shapes were studied . The results showed that :
(1) the shaping abilities of hot rolling and hot extruding of 6013alloy are excellent .
(2) when the additions of alloying elements : Mg, Si, Cu and Mn in 6013 alloys are 1. 97wt%, 0. 96wt%, 0.50wt%, and 0.36wt%,respectively , the yield strength 0.2, ultimate strength and ductility of alloys were better . After solid solution treatment , the rigidities of hot rolling plates of 6013 alloys reach peak value when aging temperature and time are 180 C and 4 hours , respectively .
(3) solid solution with good solid solution ability were acquired by solid soluting treatment for 25 min at 540 C, 560 C and 580 C, respectively , after that water quenching was carried on . In the case of 580 C, the
coarseness of the precipitation at grain boundaries did not happen , equi-part 120 did not emerge at the intersection of three grains , these suggest that over sintering did not happen . Strengthening phase Mg2Si is precipitated in the structure of alloy .
(4) In extruded shapes of 6013 alloys , the strength of alloy in with more Cu content is higher than that of alloy 2 with lower Cu content , because Cu content was increased , the number of the transitted phase increased .
(5) In extruded shapes of 6013 alloys , corrosion resistance of alloy 2 is better than that of alloy 1ft . The corrosion resistance of both alloys are inferior to that of 6063 alloy , this is significantly related to the Cu content of alloys .
(6) Resistivity of 6013 alloy is higher that of 6063 alloy , but conductivity is lower than that of 6063 alloy , this is due to the Cu content of 6013 alloy is higher than that of 6063 alloy . The conductivity decreased with Cu content of 6013 alloy increasing .
(7) Dimension and external quality of the 6013 rolled tube : 130+0.5+7-0.5, the internal and external surface are smooth , on which there are no peeling, air bubble, delamination, dregs, cracks, extra lards, corrosion stains; the strength 6b, ultimate strength 60.2, ductility of 6013 rolled tubes was 317MPa, 292MPa, 14%, respectively.
引文
[1] 张君尧,美国铝业公司6013铝合金简介,轻合金加工技术,1995,3,24-26
[2] 陈准,谭澄宇,热处理制度对6013和6061合金拉伸性能的影响,轻合金加工技术,2001,4,25-27
[3] 王祝堂,田荣璋等,铝合金及其加工手册。第一版,中南大学出版社,1989
[4] 曾渝,中南工业大学硕士学位论文,2001
[5] 何立子,张晓博等,Cu、Mg、Si、La对低成分Al-Cu-Mg-Si合金强度的影响,轻合金加工技术,1999,12,37-39
[6] 何立子,张晓博等,类6013铝合金热处理制度的研究,宇航材料工艺,1999年第1期,42-45
[7] 张宝昌,《有色金属及其热处理》,西北工业大学出版社,1993,58
[8] R.S.Kaneko等,美国海军新型飞机上用的6013铝合金板,张永甲译,轻合金加工技术,1991,(19):40-43
[9] (美).M.Bowden,Third International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar,Journal of Metals,1984,(12):25-28
[10](美)V.R.Walters等,中强和高强6XXX系铝合金的发展。洪仁先译,轻金属,1986,(12):59-64
[11]L.F.蒙多尔福,铝合金的组织与性能,北京:冶金工业出版社,1981:711-727
[12]金相图谱编写组,《变形铝合金金相图谱》,北京:冶金工业出版社,1975:10-11
[13](苏)科瓦索夫,弗里得良捷尔等,《工业铝合金》,北京:
冶金工业出版社,1981:49-59
[14] (苏)B.H多尔巴金等,《铝合金半成品的组织与性能》,北京:冶金工业出版社,1984:8-11
[15] (日)加滕正夫等,Al-Mg-Si三元素时效硬化性耐蚀合金,轻金属,1958,(6):56-61
[16] S. Zajac, B. Hutchinson, A. Johansson, Microstructure control and extrudability of Al-Mg-Si alloys microalloyed with manganese, Materials Science and Technology 1994, (10):323-326
[17] [法] 马希弗D.6000系中高挤压性能合金,向克译。洪仁先,张君尧,王祝堂等编译,国外近代变形铝合金专集,北京:冶金工业出版社,1987:80-96
[18] 王祝堂,田荣璋等,铝合金及其加工手册。第一版,中南大学出版社,1989,:1359-1360
[19] L. Zhen, S.B. Kang, Effect of predeformation on microsture and tensile properties of Al-Mg-Si alloys with high silicon content, Materials Science and Technology, 1998, (4):317-321
[20] 大掘等,Al-Mg-Si系铝合金,轻金属,1988,(11):748-763
[21] 陈俊,微量元素对6063合金淬火敏感性的影响,铝加工,1992,(4):41-44
[22] 田荣璋,《金属热处理》,冶金工业出版社,1985,,(5):17-18 236-241
[23] 李竞舟,郑子樵,6013合金的力学性能及微观结构特点,铝加工:1997,19,50-55
[24] Press quenching of Alluminium alloys, Material Science
and Technology, 1988, (4):635-643
[25] D.h. Lee, J.H. Park, Enhancement of mechanical properties of Al-Mg-Si Alloys by means of manganese dispersiods, Materials Science and Technology, 1999, (4):450-455
[26] Alcoa Aluminiun Alloy 6013, Aluminum Alloy, Jan. 1988