6013铝合金性能与组织的研究
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摘要
采用铸锭冶金方法，设计并制备了不同合金元素含量的6013铝合金，将铸锭热加工以后，测试了合金的拉伸力学性能和时效性能，采用金相显微镜观察分析了合金的显微组织结构，研究了合金中主合金元素Mg、Si，微量元素Mn、Cu添加量、均匀化温度和时间对合金组织和性能的影响。同时，还研究了6013挤压铝型材的力学性能、耐蚀性和导电性。研究结果表明：
(1)6013合金热轧、热挤压成型性优良；
(2)6013合金中含量为1.18％Mg、0.96％Si、0.50％Cu、0.36％Mn时，合金的屈服强度σ_(0.2)、抗拉强度σ_b和延伸率δ都较好。6013合金实验热轧板材经固溶处理后于180℃时效4小时达到峰值硬度；
(3)540℃、560℃、和580℃固溶处理25min、水淬，得到了固溶充分的固溶体，580℃的情况下晶界析出相未粗化、三晶粒交界处的角度未出现等分的120°，表明未发生过烧。组织中有强化相Mg_2Si相析出。
(4)铜含量高的挤压型材合金1，其强度略高于铜含量低的合金2，这是因为铜含量增加，可能存在的过渡相β′相等增多所致。
(5)2号挤压型材合金的耐蚀性比1号合金好，二者均比6063合金稍差。这与合金中铜含量密切相关。
(6)6013合金的电阻率比6063合金的电阻率稍高，而导电率比6063合金的稍低，这是由于6013合金的合金化程度高于6063合金所致。
(7)6013合金轧制管材尺寸及外观质量：φ130±0.5×7~(-0.5)mm，
，／7液大学工怒倾士学泣材广
内外表面光滑，无起皮、气泡、分层、夹渣、裂纹、外来夹杂物、
腐蚀斑点等；抗拉强度 6。为 31 7MPa，屈服强度 6们为 292MPa，
延伸率6为 14饰
6013 aluminum alloys containing different main alloying elements minor alloying elements were designed and prepared by ingot-metallurgy processing . The tesile mechanical and aging properties of the studied alloys were tested ; the microstructure of those alloys were observed and analyzed using optical microscope ; the influence of main alloying element Mg,Si , minor alloying elements Mn, Cu and homogenization process on the structure and property of studied alloys were studied . Mechanical properties , corrosion resistance and electric properties of 6013 alloy extruded shapes were studied . The results showed that :
(1) the shaping abilities of hot rolling and hot extruding of 6013alloy are excellent .
(2) when the additions of alloying elements : Mg, Si, Cu and Mn in 6013 alloys are 1. 97wt%, 0. 96wt%, 0.50wt%, and 0.36wt%,respectively , the yield strength 0.2, ultimate strength and ductility of alloys were better . After solid solution treatment , the rigidities of hot rolling plates of 6013 alloys reach peak value when aging temperature and time are 180 C and 4 hours , respectively .
(3) solid solution with good solid solution ability were acquired by solid soluting treatment for 25 min at 540 C, 560 C and 580 C, respectively , after that water quenching was carried on . In the case of 580 C, the
coarseness of the precipitation at grain boundaries did not happen , equi-part 120 did not emerge at the intersection of three grains , these suggest that over sintering did not happen . Strengthening phase Mg2Si is precipitated in the structure of alloy .
(4) In extruded shapes of 6013 alloys , the strength of alloy in with more Cu content is higher than that of alloy 2 with lower Cu content , because Cu content was increased , the number of the transitted phase increased .
(5) In extruded shapes of 6013 alloys , corrosion resistance of alloy 2 is better than that of alloy 1ft . The corrosion resistance of both alloys are inferior to that of 6063 alloy , this is significantly related to the Cu content of alloys .
(6) Resistivity of 6013 alloy is higher that of 6063 alloy , but conductivity is lower than that of 6063 alloy , this is due to the Cu content of 6013 alloy is higher than that of 6063 alloy . The conductivity decreased with Cu content of 6013 alloy increasing .
(7) Dimension and external quality of the 6013 rolled tube : 130+0.5+7-0.5, the internal and external surface are smooth , on which there are no peeling, air bubble, delamination, dregs, cracks, extra lards, corrosion stains; the strength 6b, ultimate strength 60.2, ductility of 6013 rolled tubes was 317MPa, 292MPa, 14%, respectively.
(1)6013合金热轧、热挤压成型性优良；
(2)6013合金中含量为1.18％Mg、0.96％Si、0.50％Cu、0.36％Mn时，合金的屈服强度σ_(0.2)、抗拉强度σ_b和延伸率δ都较好。6013合金实验热轧板材经固溶处理后于180℃时效4小时达到峰值硬度；
(3)540℃、560℃、和580℃固溶处理25min、水淬，得到了固溶充分的固溶体，580℃的情况下晶界析出相未粗化、三晶粒交界处的角度未出现等分的120°，表明未发生过烧。组织中有强化相Mg_2Si相析出。
(4)铜含量高的挤压型材合金1，其强度略高于铜含量低的合金2，这是因为铜含量增加，可能存在的过渡相β′相等增多所致。
(5)2号挤压型材合金的耐蚀性比1号合金好，二者均比6063合金稍差。这与合金中铜含量密切相关。
(6)6013合金的电阻率比6063合金的电阻率稍高，而导电率比6063合金的稍低，这是由于6013合金的合金化程度高于6063合金所致。
(7)6013合金轧制管材尺寸及外观质量：φ130±0.5×7~(-0.5)mm，
，／7液大学工怒倾士学泣材广
内外表面光滑，无起皮、气泡、分层、夹渣、裂纹、外来夹杂物、
腐蚀斑点等；抗拉强度 6。为 31 7MPa，屈服强度 6们为 292MPa，
延伸率6为 14饰
6013 aluminum alloys containing different main alloying elements minor alloying elements were designed and prepared by ingot-metallurgy processing . The tesile mechanical and aging properties of the studied alloys were tested ; the microstructure of those alloys were observed and analyzed using optical microscope ; the influence of main alloying element Mg,Si , minor alloying elements Mn, Cu and homogenization process on the structure and property of studied alloys were studied . Mechanical properties , corrosion resistance and electric properties of 6013 alloy extruded shapes were studied . The results showed that :
(1) the shaping abilities of hot rolling and hot extruding of 6013alloy are excellent .
(2) when the additions of alloying elements : Mg, Si, Cu and Mn in 6013 alloys are 1. 97wt%, 0. 96wt%, 0.50wt%, and 0.36wt%,respectively , the yield strength 0.2, ultimate strength and ductility of alloys were better . After solid solution treatment , the rigidities of hot rolling plates of 6013 alloys reach peak value when aging temperature and time are 180 C and 4 hours , respectively .
(3) solid solution with good solid solution ability were acquired by solid soluting treatment for 25 min at 540 C, 560 C and 580 C, respectively , after that water quenching was carried on . In the case of 580 C, the
coarseness of the precipitation at grain boundaries did not happen , equi-part 120 did not emerge at the intersection of three grains , these suggest that over sintering did not happen . Strengthening phase Mg2Si is precipitated in the structure of alloy .
(4) In extruded shapes of 6013 alloys , the strength of alloy in with more Cu content is higher than that of alloy 2 with lower Cu content , because Cu content was increased , the number of the transitted phase increased .
(5) In extruded shapes of 6013 alloys , corrosion resistance of alloy 2 is better than that of alloy 1ft . The corrosion resistance of both alloys are inferior to that of 6063 alloy , this is significantly related to the Cu content of alloys .
(6) Resistivity of 6013 alloy is higher that of 6063 alloy , but conductivity is lower than that of 6063 alloy , this is due to the Cu content of 6013 alloy is higher than that of 6063 alloy . The conductivity decreased with Cu content of 6013 alloy increasing .
(7) Dimension and external quality of the 6013 rolled tube : 130+0.5+7-0.5, the internal and external surface are smooth , on which there are no peeling, air bubble, delamination, dregs, cracks, extra lards, corrosion stains; the strength 6b, ultimate strength 60.2, ductility of 6013 rolled tubes was 317MPa, 292MPa, 14%, respectively.
引文
[1] 张君尧，美国铝业公司6013铝合金简介，轻合金加工技术，1995，3，24-26
[2] 陈准，谭澄宇，热处理制度对6013和6061合金拉伸性能的影响，轻合金加工技术，2001，4，25-27
[3] 王祝堂，田荣璋等，铝合金及其加工手册。第一版，中南大学出版社，1989
[4] 曾渝，中南工业大学硕士学位论文，2001
[5] 何立子，张晓博等，Cu、Mg、Si、La对低成分Al-Cu-Mg-Si合金强度的影响，轻合金加工技术，1999，12，37-39
[6] 何立子，张晓博等，类6013铝合金热处理制度的研究，宇航材料工艺，1999年第1期，42-45
[7] 张宝昌，《有色金属及其热处理》，西北工业大学出版社，1993，58
[8] R．S．Kaneko等，美国海军新型飞机上用的6013铝合金板，张永甲译，轻合金加工技术，1991，(19)：40-43
[9] (美).M.Bowden,Third International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar,Journal of Metals,1984,(12):25-28
[10](美)V．R．Walters等，中强和高强6XXX系铝合金的发展。洪仁先译，轻金属，1986，(12)：59-64
[11]L．F．蒙多尔福，铝合金的组织与性能，北京：冶金工业出版社，1981：711-727
[12]金相图谱编写组，《变形铝合金金相图谱》，北京：冶金工业出版社，1975：10-11
[13](苏)科瓦索夫，弗里得良捷尔等，《工业铝合金》，北京：
冶金工业出版社，1981：49-59
[14] (苏)B．H多尔巴金等，《铝合金半成品的组织与性能》，北京：冶金工业出版社，1984：8-11
[15] (日)加滕正夫等，Al-Mg-Si三元素时效硬化性耐蚀合金，轻金属，1958，(6)：56-61
[16] S. Zajac, B. Hutchinson, A. Johansson, Microstructure control and extrudability of Al-Mg-Si alloys microalloyed with manganese, Materials Science and Technology 1994, (10):323-326
[17] [法] 马希弗D．6000系中高挤压性能合金，向克译。洪仁先，张君尧，王祝堂等编译，国外近代变形铝合金专集，北京：冶金工业出版社，1987：80-96
[18] 王祝堂，田荣璋等，铝合金及其加工手册。第一版，中南大学出版社，1989，：1359-1360
[19] L. Zhen, S.B. Kang, Effect of predeformation on microsture and tensile properties of Al-Mg-Si alloys with high silicon content, Materials Science and Technology, 1998, (4):317-321
[20] 大掘等，Al-Mg-Si系铝合金，轻金属，1988，(11)：748-763
[21] 陈俊，微量元素对6063合金淬火敏感性的影响，铝加工，1992，(4)：41-44
[22] 田荣璋，《金属热处理》，冶金工业出版社，1985，，(5)：17-18 236-241
[23] 李竞舟，郑子樵，6013合金的力学性能及微观结构特点，铝加工：1997，19，50-55
[24] Press quenching of Alluminium alloys, Material Science
and Technology, 1988, (4):635-643
[25] D.h. Lee, J.H. Park, Enhancement of mechanical properties of Al-Mg-Si Alloys by means of manganese dispersiods, Materials Science and Technology, 1999, (4):450-455
[26] Alcoa Aluminiun Alloy 6013, Aluminum Alloy, Jan. 1988
[2] 陈准，谭澄宇，热处理制度对6013和6061合金拉伸性能的影响，轻合金加工技术，2001，4，25-27
[3] 王祝堂，田荣璋等，铝合金及其加工手册。第一版，中南大学出版社，1989
[4] 曾渝，中南工业大学硕士学位论文，2001
[5] 何立子，张晓博等，Cu、Mg、Si、La对低成分Al-Cu-Mg-Si合金强度的影响，轻合金加工技术，1999，12，37-39
[6] 何立子，张晓博等，类6013铝合金热处理制度的研究，宇航材料工艺，1999年第1期，42-45
[7] 张宝昌，《有色金属及其热处理》，西北工业大学出版社，1993，58
[8] R．S．Kaneko等，美国海军新型飞机上用的6013铝合金板，张永甲译，轻合金加工技术，1991，(19)：40-43
[9] (美).M.Bowden,Third International Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar,Journal of Metals,1984,(12):25-28
[10](美)V．R．Walters等，中强和高强6XXX系铝合金的发展。洪仁先译，轻金属，1986，(12)：59-64
[11]L．F．蒙多尔福，铝合金的组织与性能，北京：冶金工业出版社，1981：711-727
[12]金相图谱编写组，《变形铝合金金相图谱》，北京：冶金工业出版社，1975：10-11
[13](苏)科瓦索夫，弗里得良捷尔等，《工业铝合金》，北京：
冶金工业出版社，1981：49-59
[14] (苏)B．H多尔巴金等，《铝合金半成品的组织与性能》，北京：冶金工业出版社，1984：8-11
[15] (日)加滕正夫等，Al-Mg-Si三元素时效硬化性耐蚀合金，轻金属，1958，(6)：56-61
[16] S. Zajac, B. Hutchinson, A. Johansson, Microstructure control and extrudability of Al-Mg-Si alloys microalloyed with manganese, Materials Science and Technology 1994, (10):323-326
[17] [法] 马希弗D．6000系中高挤压性能合金，向克译。洪仁先，张君尧，王祝堂等编译，国外近代变形铝合金专集，北京：冶金工业出版社，1987：80-96
[18] 王祝堂，田荣璋等，铝合金及其加工手册。第一版，中南大学出版社，1989，：1359-1360
[19] L. Zhen, S.B. Kang, Effect of predeformation on microsture and tensile properties of Al-Mg-Si alloys with high silicon content, Materials Science and Technology, 1998, (4):317-321
[20] 大掘等，Al-Mg-Si系铝合金，轻金属，1988，(11)：748-763
[21] 陈俊，微量元素对6063合金淬火敏感性的影响，铝加工，1992，(4)：41-44
[22] 田荣璋，《金属热处理》，冶金工业出版社，1985，，(5)：17-18 236-241
[23] 李竞舟，郑子樵，6013合金的力学性能及微观结构特点，铝加工：1997，19，50-55
[24] Press quenching of Alluminium alloys, Material Science
and Technology, 1988, (4):635-643
[25] D.h. Lee, J.H. Park, Enhancement of mechanical properties of Al-Mg-Si Alloys by means of manganese dispersiods, Materials Science and Technology, 1999, (4):450-455
[26] Alcoa Aluminiun Alloy 6013, Aluminum Alloy, Jan. 1988