城市地铁站点选址方案评价研究
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摘要
随着城市的快速发展以及居民生活水平的逐步提高,城市交通压力与优质交通服务需求之间的矛盾日益突出,为此国内外许多大城市纷纷投入大量资金开展地铁规划建设。然而地铁建设成本高、风险大,车站建设会长期影响地铁运行效率和社会经济效益。对城市地铁站点选址的研究,不仅能规避投资浪费,确保建设顺利实施,也能充分协调好站点布设与线路规划、城市发展之间的关系。文章以地铁站点为基础理论,探索了影响城市地铁站点选址的影响因素。以此为基础,本文改进传统评价方法,综合应用德尔菲法、层次分析法、熵权法、模糊物元分析理论和最优度理论,建立以“协调发展,按需设置,技术可行,经济合理”为根本原则的城市地铁站点选址三级评价指标体系。该评价体系具有普遍适用性,既能充分体现地铁线路与城市规划要求,又与实际情况相结合,对站点选址的理论研究及实际问题解决有指导意义。文章将建立的评价体系应用到昆明地铁首期工程昆明站站选址方案比选中以解决实际存在的选址难题,经征询设计人员及专家意见,最终选址结果与本文评价体系评价结论相一致。
As cities develop rapidly and people's lives are improved, many big cities both at home and abroad spend much money in planning and constructing metros, in order to resolve the conflict between the increasing urban transit pressure and the high demand for transit service quality. However, metro construction which is high-cost and high-risk is a century project of cities, and stations construction will have long-term effect on the metro operating efficiency and social economic benefits. At the start of metro planning, research on the station location can not only guarantee its coordination relationship with route planning, but also avoid wasting funds for constructing, ensure the construction's smooth going, and coordinate with cities'forward development planning. After analyzing metro route planning and metro station theory, the article explores the effect that urban metro has on other relative factors and influencing factors on the site selection of metro station, and by means of improving the previous evaluating methods, that is utilizing comprehensively features of Delphi method, Analytical hierarchy process, Entropy-right method, Fuzzy matter-element analysis theory and Optimal theory, builds a three-level evaluation system of station site selection in urban metro route based on the ultimate principle of coordinated development, available on request, technical feasibility and economy of use. The evaluation system is general applicable, and can embody route planning demand, and coincide with reality; besides, it has guiding significance for theory research and resolving practical problems. The article applies the evaluation system to comparing stations site selection programs of the first-phase project of Kunming metro to solve the practical site selection problems. By consulting planners and experts, the final site selection is in accord with the evaluation results of the evaluation system in the article.
As cities develop rapidly and people's lives are improved, many big cities both at home and abroad spend much money in planning and constructing metros, in order to resolve the conflict between the increasing urban transit pressure and the high demand for transit service quality. However, metro construction which is high-cost and high-risk is a century project of cities, and stations construction will have long-term effect on the metro operating efficiency and social economic benefits. At the start of metro planning, research on the station location can not only guarantee its coordination relationship with route planning, but also avoid wasting funds for constructing, ensure the construction's smooth going, and coordinate with cities'forward development planning. After analyzing metro route planning and metro station theory, the article explores the effect that urban metro has on other relative factors and influencing factors on the site selection of metro station, and by means of improving the previous evaluating methods, that is utilizing comprehensively features of Delphi method, Analytical hierarchy process, Entropy-right method, Fuzzy matter-element analysis theory and Optimal theory, builds a three-level evaluation system of station site selection in urban metro route based on the ultimate principle of coordinated development, available on request, technical feasibility and economy of use. The evaluation system is general applicable, and can embody route planning demand, and coincide with reality; besides, it has guiding significance for theory research and resolving practical problems. The article applies the evaluation system to comparing stations site selection programs of the first-phase project of Kunming metro to solve the practical site selection problems. By consulting planners and experts, the final site selection is in accord with the evaluation results of the evaluation system in the article.
引文
[1]叶霞飞,顾保南.城市轨道交通规划与设计.北京：中国铁道出版社,2000：15-17
[2]吴小萍.可持续发展战略指导下的轨道交通规划与评价方法研究：[硕士学位论文].长沙：中南大学,2003：7-8
[3]毛保华.城市轨道交通规划与设计.北京：人民交通出版社,2006：16-18
[4]周耀辉,余晖.中国轨道交通的公共政策构建.财经问题研究,2009,11(312)：3-9
[5]李峰.城市轨道交通车站分布方法研究：[硕士学位论文].长沙：长沙理工大学,2008：18-42
[6]张瑞.浅谈地铁车站站位比选.山西建筑,2007,33(4)：311-312
[7]马德芹,蔺安林.地下铁道与轻轨交通.成都：西南交通大学出版社,2003：13-31
[8]Dieesare.A system analysis approach to urban rapid transit guide way location. Pittsburgh:Department of Electrical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University,1970,12(11):57-59
[9]Church, Clifford. Discussion of environmental optimization of power lines. Environmental Engineering Division,1979,21(6):438-439
[10]John R. Current, Charles S. ReVelle and Jared L. Cohon. The hierarchical network design problem. European Journal of Operational Research,1986, 1(27):57-66
[11]K.I-O斯卡洛夫.城市交通枢纽的发展.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1982：12-17
[12]MTR system planning. University of Calgary,1988,3(51):24-17
[13]Wirasinghe S. C, Vuchic. Characteristics of Metro Networks and Methodology for Their Evaluation. Transportation Research Record,1988,11(4):8-10
[14]M.Gendreau. Locating Rapid Transit Lines. Advanced Transportation,1995, 129(2):145-162
[15]A, Sake. Model for determining optimum Bus-Stop Spacing in Urban Areas. Transportation Engineering,2001,127(3):195-199
[16]Chine, Steven. Optimization of bus stop locations for improving transit accessibility. Transportation Planning and Technology,2004,11(6):211-227
[17]林志盈.台北都会区捷运系统车站规划概述.中国工程师学会工程会刊,1990,63(11)：43-47
[18]覃矞.轨道交通枢纽规划与设计理论研究：[博士学位论文].上海：同济大学,2002：15-39
[19]孙壮志.城市轨道交通网络规划若干理论问题研究：[博士学位论文].北京：北方交通大学,2002：21-36
[20]杜昌锦.地铁车站站位与站型选择的研究.建筑设计,2004,3(52)：19-20
[21]杜昌锦.地铁车站站位与站型选择的研究.建材技术与应用,2004,3(39)：19-20
[22]覃矞.基于乘客流量概率分布的轨道车站合理间距优化模型.系统工程,2005,9(33)：50-54
[23]王兴海,陶志祥.江苏省沿江地区轨道交通线网布局研究.武汉理工大学学报,2005,29(2)：262-265
[24]徐浩,施超.城市轨道交通站点设置优化模型.中国科技信息,2006,5(2)：119-120
[25]魏金丽.城市轨道交通线路站点布设研究：[硕士学位论文].西安：长安大学,2006：23-47
[26]吴红兵.城市轨道交通线路与站点规划理论研究：[硕士学位论文].重庆：重庆大学,2006：42-48
[27]张瑞.浅谈地铁车站站位比选.山西建筑,2007,33(4)：311-312
[28]过文魁.面向轨道交通站点的换乘模式和设施布局研究：[硕士学位论文].南京：南京林业大学,2007：32-37
[29]魏金丽,梁平,阎岩等.城市轨道交通站点布局优化研究.青岛理工大学学报,2008,29(4)：88-93
[30]傅搏峰,吴娇蓉,陈小鸿.郊区轨道站点分类方法研究.铁道学报,2008,30(6)：19-23
[31]毛保华.城市轨道交通.北京：中国铁道出版社,2000：32-33
[32]翟维丽.城市轨道交通系统关键技术及相关问题研究：[博士学位论文].长春：吉林大学,2007：24-36
[33]王有为.城市公共交通枢纽规划研：[硕士学位论文].西安：西安建筑科技大学,1999：11-27
[34]郑祖武.城市道路交通.北京：人民交通出版社,2001：16-21
[35]王炜.城市公共交通系统规划方法与管理技术.北京：科学出版社,2002： 23-27
[36]王毅.我国城市轨道交通发展综述.综合运输,2003,9(34)：36-39
[37]朱蓓玲.合理确定地铁车站距离.铁道标准设计,1999,4(3)：19-20
[38]蒋玉琨.合理设置轨道站间距的经济技术分析.中国铁道学报,2002,2(12)：122-125
[39]李君,叶霞飞.城市轨道交通车站分布方法的研究.同济大学学报,2004,32(8)：1006-1014
[40]欧阳志坚.城市轨道交通客流规模影响因素分析.学术专论,2003,4(22)：50-58
[41]Schabas M. Quantitative analysis of rapid transit alignment alternatives. Transportation Quarterly,1988,42(14):4-16
[42]王伟.香港地铁的先进管理运营经验.城市快速轨道交通研究,2002,3(12)：87-88
[43]Dilek Tuzun, Laura I.Burke. A two-phase tabor search approach to the location routing problem. European Journal of Operational Researchl, 1999,2(3):87-99
[44]V. V. Kovacevic. TABU Search Methodology in Global Optimization. Computer and Mathematics with application,1999,9(7):125-133
[45]郭春安.北京城市轨道交通线网调整规.都是轨道交通,2007,17(1)：9-15
[46]Giuseppe Bruno, Michel Gendreau, Gilbert Laporte.A heuristic for the location of a rapid transit line. Computers & Operations Research, 2002,29(5):1-12
[47]Ernst Messerchmid, Reinhold Bertrand. Space stations:systems and utilization. Berlin New York:Springer,1999:25-28
[48]Rachid Chelouah. Taboo Search applied to global optimization. Operational Research,2000,23(13):256-270
[49]顾保南,方青青.城市轨道交通网规划的评价指标体系研究.城市轨道交通研究,2000,4(3)：24-28
[50]Andeerstig C, Mattsson L G. Appraising large-scale investment in metropolitan transportation system. Transportation,1992,11(19):267-283
[51]丁卫东,刘明.交通方式与城市绿色交通.武汉科技大学学报,2003,26(1)：50-53
[52]杨沛敏.西安城市快速轨道交通线网规划研究.山西建筑,2006,14(32)：9-10
[53]岳辉,钟学燕,叶怀珍.第三方逆向物流企业的模糊评价研究.软科学,2005,19(5)：39-42
[54]李明博.轨道交通网络化建设中枢纽换乘系统规划方案优选研究：[硕士学位论文].北京：北京交通大学,2007：28-31
[55]杜栋,庞庆元.现代综合评价方法.北京：清华大学出版社,2005：14-19
[56]姜灵敏.网络会计信息系统安全性综合评价.计算机科学,2005,14(2)：32-35
[57]秦寿康.综合评价原理和应用.北京：电子工业出版社,2003：24-26
[58]符卓.高等运筹学.长沙：中南大学研究生课件,2006：1-12
[59]蔡文.物元模型及应用.北京：科学技术文献出版社,1994：12-19
[60]蔡文.可拓论及其应用.科学通报,1999,44(7)：474-479
[61]蔡文,杨春燕,何斌.可拓工程与人工智能.广东工学院学报,1996,13(1)：12-17
[62]罗君君,郑俊杰,孙玲.公路软基处理方案优选的熵权模糊物元决策法.铁道科学与工程学报,2008,5(4)：20-24
[2]吴小萍.可持续发展战略指导下的轨道交通规划与评价方法研究：[硕士学位论文].长沙：中南大学,2003：7-8
[3]毛保华.城市轨道交通规划与设计.北京：人民交通出版社,2006：16-18
[4]周耀辉,余晖.中国轨道交通的公共政策构建.财经问题研究,2009,11(312)：3-9
[5]李峰.城市轨道交通车站分布方法研究：[硕士学位论文].长沙：长沙理工大学,2008：18-42
[6]张瑞.浅谈地铁车站站位比选.山西建筑,2007,33(4)：311-312
[7]马德芹,蔺安林.地下铁道与轻轨交通.成都：西南交通大学出版社,2003：13-31
[8]Dieesare.A system analysis approach to urban rapid transit guide way location. Pittsburgh:Department of Electrical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University,1970,12(11):57-59
[9]Church, Clifford. Discussion of environmental optimization of power lines. Environmental Engineering Division,1979,21(6):438-439
[10]John R. Current, Charles S. ReVelle and Jared L. Cohon. The hierarchical network design problem. European Journal of Operational Research,1986, 1(27):57-66
[11]K.I-O斯卡洛夫.城市交通枢纽的发展.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1982：12-17
[12]MTR system planning. University of Calgary,1988,3(51):24-17
[13]Wirasinghe S. C, Vuchic. Characteristics of Metro Networks and Methodology for Their Evaluation. Transportation Research Record,1988,11(4):8-10
[14]M.Gendreau. Locating Rapid Transit Lines. Advanced Transportation,1995, 129(2):145-162
[15]A, Sake. Model for determining optimum Bus-Stop Spacing in Urban Areas. Transportation Engineering,2001,127(3):195-199
[16]Chine, Steven. Optimization of bus stop locations for improving transit accessibility. Transportation Planning and Technology,2004,11(6):211-227
[17]林志盈.台北都会区捷运系统车站规划概述.中国工程师学会工程会刊,1990,63(11)：43-47
[18]覃矞.轨道交通枢纽规划与设计理论研究：[博士学位论文].上海：同济大学,2002：15-39
[19]孙壮志.城市轨道交通网络规划若干理论问题研究：[博士学位论文].北京：北方交通大学,2002：21-36
[20]杜昌锦.地铁车站站位与站型选择的研究.建筑设计,2004,3(52)：19-20
[21]杜昌锦.地铁车站站位与站型选择的研究.建材技术与应用,2004,3(39)：19-20
[22]覃矞.基于乘客流量概率分布的轨道车站合理间距优化模型.系统工程,2005,9(33)：50-54
[23]王兴海,陶志祥.江苏省沿江地区轨道交通线网布局研究.武汉理工大学学报,2005,29(2)：262-265
[24]徐浩,施超.城市轨道交通站点设置优化模型.中国科技信息,2006,5(2)：119-120
[25]魏金丽.城市轨道交通线路站点布设研究：[硕士学位论文].西安：长安大学,2006：23-47
[26]吴红兵.城市轨道交通线路与站点规划理论研究：[硕士学位论文].重庆：重庆大学,2006：42-48
[27]张瑞.浅谈地铁车站站位比选.山西建筑,2007,33(4)：311-312
[28]过文魁.面向轨道交通站点的换乘模式和设施布局研究：[硕士学位论文].南京：南京林业大学,2007：32-37
[29]魏金丽,梁平,阎岩等.城市轨道交通站点布局优化研究.青岛理工大学学报,2008,29(4)：88-93
[30]傅搏峰,吴娇蓉,陈小鸿.郊区轨道站点分类方法研究.铁道学报,2008,30(6)：19-23
[31]毛保华.城市轨道交通.北京：中国铁道出版社,2000：32-33
[32]翟维丽.城市轨道交通系统关键技术及相关问题研究：[博士学位论文].长春：吉林大学,2007：24-36
[33]王有为.城市公共交通枢纽规划研：[硕士学位论文].西安：西安建筑科技大学,1999：11-27
[34]郑祖武.城市道路交通.北京：人民交通出版社,2001：16-21
[35]王炜.城市公共交通系统规划方法与管理技术.北京：科学出版社,2002： 23-27
[36]王毅.我国城市轨道交通发展综述.综合运输,2003,9(34)：36-39
[37]朱蓓玲.合理确定地铁车站距离.铁道标准设计,1999,4(3)：19-20
[38]蒋玉琨.合理设置轨道站间距的经济技术分析.中国铁道学报,2002,2(12)：122-125
[39]李君,叶霞飞.城市轨道交通车站分布方法的研究.同济大学学报,2004,32(8)：1006-1014
[40]欧阳志坚.城市轨道交通客流规模影响因素分析.学术专论,2003,4(22)：50-58
[41]Schabas M. Quantitative analysis of rapid transit alignment alternatives. Transportation Quarterly,1988,42(14):4-16
[42]王伟.香港地铁的先进管理运营经验.城市快速轨道交通研究,2002,3(12)：87-88
[43]Dilek Tuzun, Laura I.Burke. A two-phase tabor search approach to the location routing problem. European Journal of Operational Researchl, 1999,2(3):87-99
[44]V. V. Kovacevic. TABU Search Methodology in Global Optimization. Computer and Mathematics with application,1999,9(7):125-133
[45]郭春安.北京城市轨道交通线网调整规.都是轨道交通,2007,17(1)：9-15
[46]Giuseppe Bruno, Michel Gendreau, Gilbert Laporte.A heuristic for the location of a rapid transit line. Computers & Operations Research, 2002,29(5):1-12
[47]Ernst Messerchmid, Reinhold Bertrand. Space stations:systems and utilization. Berlin New York:Springer,1999:25-28
[48]Rachid Chelouah. Taboo Search applied to global optimization. Operational Research,2000,23(13):256-270
[49]顾保南,方青青.城市轨道交通网规划的评价指标体系研究.城市轨道交通研究,2000,4(3)：24-28
[50]Andeerstig C, Mattsson L G. Appraising large-scale investment in metropolitan transportation system. Transportation,1992,11(19):267-283
[51]丁卫东,刘明.交通方式与城市绿色交通.武汉科技大学学报,2003,26(1)：50-53
[52]杨沛敏.西安城市快速轨道交通线网规划研究.山西建筑,2006,14(32)：9-10
[53]岳辉,钟学燕,叶怀珍.第三方逆向物流企业的模糊评价研究.软科学,2005,19(5)：39-42
[54]李明博.轨道交通网络化建设中枢纽换乘系统规划方案优选研究：[硕士学位论文].北京：北京交通大学,2007：28-31
[55]杜栋,庞庆元.现代综合评价方法.北京：清华大学出版社,2005：14-19
[56]姜灵敏.网络会计信息系统安全性综合评价.计算机科学,2005,14(2)：32-35
[57]秦寿康.综合评价原理和应用.北京：电子工业出版社,2003：24-26
[58]符卓.高等运筹学.长沙：中南大学研究生课件,2006：1-12
[59]蔡文.物元模型及应用.北京：科学技术文献出版社,1994：12-19
[60]蔡文.可拓论及其应用.科学通报,1999,44(7)：474-479
[61]蔡文,杨春燕,何斌.可拓工程与人工智能.广东工学院学报,1996,13(1)：12-17
[62]罗君君,郑俊杰,孙玲.公路软基处理方案优选的熵权模糊物元决策法.铁道科学与工程学报,2008,5(4)：20-24