快速公交线网规划方法研究
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摘要
随着汽车拥有量的快速增长,目前我国城市道路交通态势不断恶化。一方面,传统的单纯依靠提高道路设施供给的解决方法已经难以奏效,必须将思路转换到提高公交出行分担率的思路上来;另一方面,受多方面的影响,城市公共交通分担率呈逐年下降的趋势。快速公交作为一种新的城市公共交通方式,对缓解城市交通拥挤、优化城市交通结构等方面都起到了很大的作用,也越来越受到理论和实践界的高度关注。本文对快速公交线网规划方法进行了有益的探索,以求为决策和实践部门提供参考。
本文首先对实施快速公交的条件进行分析,主要从客流条件和道路条件两个角度去研究分析,并分析了道路条件与客流条件的关系。
城市交通走廊直接决定着快速公交线网布局,因此在进行快速公交线网规划时,必须首先识别快速公交走廊。在研究城市交通走廊判别方面,本文提出基于数学形态学的城市交通走廊判别方法,然后将判别出的交通走廊结合控制点组成一个综合交通网络,通过交通配流的方法进行线路识别,最终分离出快速公交走廊。
快速公交需求预测方面,根据我国城市交通数据积累不足的状况以及现阶段我国城市发展特征,依据快速公交系统对城市土地开发的引导作用,进行出行生成预测时,从交通出行源点的产生即土地使用规律入手,采用基于土地使用性质的类别生成法进行快速公交系统出行需求预测。
在识别出的快速公交走廊上,需要结合走廊上预测的客流走向研究如何具体实施快速公交线网的布设。首先研究了如何在快速公交走廊上进行主干线和节点的选取来生成初始线网,然后研究了快速公交线网的优化方法。提出了以直达客流运输密度最大和直达客流平均绕行系数最小为目标的优化方法,并建立数学模型及优化步骤。优化步骤以实用的逐条布设方法为基础进行了改进,思路清晰,操作简单,对于我国城市快速公交的发展具有较好的实用价值。
最后为验证本文所提出方法的可行性,以深圳市快速公交线网规划进行了实证研究。
With the rapid increasing of the car volume, presently the traffic situation in China's urban roads continues to deteriorate. On the one hand, we must convert our ideas to raising the sharing rate of the bus traveling instead of relying on the ineffectively traditional solution method simply by improving the supply of road facilities. On the other hand, urban public transport sharing rate showed a downward trend year by year because of lacking competitiveness. BRT, as a new urban public transport means, is highly concerned for its playing a big role in alleviating urban traffic congestion and optimizing its structure and so on.
First comes to the analysis of conditions of the implementation of Bus Rapid Transit .The conditions of implementation include passenger flow and road,then analyze the relationship of the road conditions and passenger flow conditions.
City traffic corridor directly determines the network layout of BRT network, so during the planning Of the BRT network .you must first identify the BRT traffic corridor. In the study of the discrimination of BRT corridor,this paper proposed the method based on mathematical morphology of discrimination of the city traffic corridor. The combine the city traffic corridor which have been identifyid and control points of the corridor into a comprehensive transportation network, through the traffic assignment methods to identify the line, finally identify the BRT corridor.
On the respect of BRT traffic demand forecast, according the inadequacy of China's urban traffic data accumulation as well as the current stage characteristics of China's urban development,base on the BRT system guide the urban land development, in traffic generation fore cast, start with the root of traffic generation ,adopte the method of basing on the nature of land-use to forecast the BRT traffic demand.
On the identified BRT traffic corridor, it require to combinate the prediction passenger flow of the corridor to study how to concrete implement the line arrangement of the BRT network. First of all, study how to choose the main trunk and the nodes on the BRT traffic corridor to generate the initial BRT network. Then study the method of BRT network optimization,it puts forward the optimal model with the goal of the maximal density of direct passenger transport and the minimal flow coefficient, reflecting features of priority to efficiency of the BRT as a mass transit mode. Algorithms are improved on the basis of the practical methods through one by one. The model, clear in thought and easy in operation, has a good practical value for the rapid development of BRT in our city.
Finally in order to verify the feasibility of the proposed method in this paper, carry out an empirical study of BRT planning of Shenzhen.
本文首先对实施快速公交的条件进行分析,主要从客流条件和道路条件两个角度去研究分析,并分析了道路条件与客流条件的关系。
城市交通走廊直接决定着快速公交线网布局,因此在进行快速公交线网规划时,必须首先识别快速公交走廊。在研究城市交通走廊判别方面,本文提出基于数学形态学的城市交通走廊判别方法,然后将判别出的交通走廊结合控制点组成一个综合交通网络,通过交通配流的方法进行线路识别,最终分离出快速公交走廊。
快速公交需求预测方面,根据我国城市交通数据积累不足的状况以及现阶段我国城市发展特征,依据快速公交系统对城市土地开发的引导作用,进行出行生成预测时,从交通出行源点的产生即土地使用规律入手,采用基于土地使用性质的类别生成法进行快速公交系统出行需求预测。
在识别出的快速公交走廊上,需要结合走廊上预测的客流走向研究如何具体实施快速公交线网的布设。首先研究了如何在快速公交走廊上进行主干线和节点的选取来生成初始线网,然后研究了快速公交线网的优化方法。提出了以直达客流运输密度最大和直达客流平均绕行系数最小为目标的优化方法,并建立数学模型及优化步骤。优化步骤以实用的逐条布设方法为基础进行了改进,思路清晰,操作简单,对于我国城市快速公交的发展具有较好的实用价值。
最后为验证本文所提出方法的可行性,以深圳市快速公交线网规划进行了实证研究。
With the rapid increasing of the car volume, presently the traffic situation in China's urban roads continues to deteriorate. On the one hand, we must convert our ideas to raising the sharing rate of the bus traveling instead of relying on the ineffectively traditional solution method simply by improving the supply of road facilities. On the other hand, urban public transport sharing rate showed a downward trend year by year because of lacking competitiveness. BRT, as a new urban public transport means, is highly concerned for its playing a big role in alleviating urban traffic congestion and optimizing its structure and so on.
First comes to the analysis of conditions of the implementation of Bus Rapid Transit .The conditions of implementation include passenger flow and road,then analyze the relationship of the road conditions and passenger flow conditions.
City traffic corridor directly determines the network layout of BRT network, so during the planning Of the BRT network .you must first identify the BRT traffic corridor. In the study of the discrimination of BRT corridor,this paper proposed the method based on mathematical morphology of discrimination of the city traffic corridor. The combine the city traffic corridor which have been identifyid and control points of the corridor into a comprehensive transportation network, through the traffic assignment methods to identify the line, finally identify the BRT corridor.
On the respect of BRT traffic demand forecast, according the inadequacy of China's urban traffic data accumulation as well as the current stage characteristics of China's urban development,base on the BRT system guide the urban land development, in traffic generation fore cast, start with the root of traffic generation ,adopte the method of basing on the nature of land-use to forecast the BRT traffic demand.
On the identified BRT traffic corridor, it require to combinate the prediction passenger flow of the corridor to study how to concrete implement the line arrangement of the BRT network. First of all, study how to choose the main trunk and the nodes on the BRT traffic corridor to generate the initial BRT network. Then study the method of BRT network optimization,it puts forward the optimal model with the goal of the maximal density of direct passenger transport and the minimal flow coefficient, reflecting features of priority to efficiency of the BRT as a mass transit mode. Algorithms are improved on the basis of the practical methods through one by one. The model, clear in thought and easy in operation, has a good practical value for the rapid development of BRT in our city.
Finally in order to verify the feasibility of the proposed method in this paper, carry out an empirical study of BRT planning of Shenzhen.
引文
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[29].刘迁,周楠森.从库里蒂巴的经验思考北京BRT系统建设[J].交通运输工程与信息学报.2004.
[30].张南.公交优先通行系统研究.西南交通大学硕士论文[D].2003:10-18.
[31].张卫华,黄艳君,胡刚.城市公共交通专用道设置标准的探讨[J].交通标准化.2003(7):35.
[32].陆建,王炜,陈学武.公交专用车道设置条件与效益分析[J].东南大学学报.1998,28(3):103.
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[37].王炜,徐吉谦,杨涛等著.城市交通规划理论及其应用[M].南京:东南大学出版社,1998.
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[41].交通走廊对城镇形态演变的影响研究[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文,2004
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[2]. Wilbur Smith and Associates,The Potential of Bus Rapid Transit[R]. 1970.2
[3]. Transportation Research Board. Bus Rapid Transit Volume l:Case Studies in Bus Rapid Transit[R].2003.
[4]. Transportation Research Board. Bus Rapid Transit Volume 2: Implementation Guidelines [R]. 2003.
[5]. KhaledF.Abdelghany.A Modeling Framework for Bus Rapid Transit Operations
[6]. Evaluation and Service Planning[C] .83th AnnualMeeting of Transportation Research Board. 2004.
[7]. Eric Holeman. Selecting Corridors for Bus Rapid Transit Using a Multicriteria Method[C]. 83th Annual Meeting of Transportation Research Board. 2004.
[8]. Yafeng Yin, Mark A.Miller. A Framework for Deployment Planning of Bus Rapid Transit Systems[C] 84th Annual Meeting of Transportation Research Board. 2005.
[9]. Mandl,C.E..Evaluation and optimization of urban Public transportation networks[C] Third European Congress on Operational Research, Amsterdam,Netherlands 1979.
[10]. Baaj,M.h,Mahmassani,H.S.An Al-based approach for transit route system planning and design [J].Journal of Advanced Transportation, 1991,25(2),187-210.
[11]. Wu,C,Murray,A.Optimizing Public transit quality and access:The multiple -route maximal covering/shortest Path Problem[J].Environment and Planning B:Planning and Deslgn32, 2005, 163-178.
[12]. Ceder. A, Wilson ,N .H. M. Bus net work design [J]. Transportation Research PartB, 1896 20, 311-344.
[13]. Matlsziw,TC,Murray, A.T., Kim, C.Strategic route extension in transit networks [J].European Journal of Operational Researeh,2006,171,611-673.
[14]. Gao.Z,Sun,H,L.L.A continuous equilibrium network design model and algorithln for transit systems[J].Transportation on Research PartB,2002,38,235-250.
[15]. Fan.W,Machenehl, R. B. Optimal transit route network design problem:Algorithnms, implementations, and numerical results,2004.Report No.SWITC/04/167244-1, Center for Transportation Research,University of Texas at Austin.
[16].Fang Zhao,Xiaogang Zeng.Optimization of transit route network,vehiele,headwaysand timetables for large-scale transit networks[J].European Joumal of OPerational Research(2007),doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2007.02.005.
[17].胡启洲,常玉林.城市公交线网多目标优化的建模极其求解[J].江苏大学学报自然科学版,2003,24(6):88-90.
[18].常玉林,胡启洲.城市公交线网优化的线性模型[J].中国公路学报,2005,18(1):95-98.
[19].林柏梁、杨富社、李鹏.基于出行费用最小化的公交网络优化模型[J].中国公路学报,1999,12(1):79-83.
[20].王志栋.公交线网优化模型的建立[J].大连铁道学院学报,1997,18(4):31-34.
[21].刘清.实现城市公交线网优化的数学模型和广义A*算法[J].系统工程理论与实践,1992,12(2):11-17.
[22].杨超、李彬.城市公共交通线网优化的图论模型与算法[J].同济大学学报,1998,26(3):294-299.
[23].高自友,宋一凡等.公交网络中基于弹性需求和能力限制条件下的SUE配流模型及算法(Ⅰ)[J].北方交通大学学报,2000,24(6):1-7.
[24].高自友,宋一凡等.公交网络中基于弹性需求和能力限制条件下的SUE配流模型及算法(Ⅱ)[J].北方交通大学学报,2000,24(6):8-13.
[25].张国伍,钱大琳.公共交通线路网多条最短路径算法[J].系统工程理论与实践,1992,12(4):22-26.
[26].王炜,陈学武,陆建著.城市交通系统可持续发展理论体系研究[M],北京:科学出版社,2004.2
[27].毛保华,姜帆等.城市轨道交通[M].科学出版社,2001:80-85.
[28].竞报记者体验快速公交[EB/OL].[2006-10-16].http://www.the first.cn/aoyun06_1_5_jizhe.htm.
[29].刘迁,周楠森.从库里蒂巴的经验思考北京BRT系统建设[J].交通运输工程与信息学报.2004.
[30].张南.公交优先通行系统研究.西南交通大学硕士论文[D].2003:10-18.
[31].张卫华,黄艳君,胡刚.城市公共交通专用道设置标准的探讨[J].交通标准化.2003(7):35.
[32].陆建,王炜,陈学武.公交专用车道设置条件与效益分析[J].东南大学学报.1998,28(3):103.
[33].中华人民共和国建设部主编.城市道路交通规划设计规范[M].北京:中国计划出版社,1995.8.
[34].杨晓光,周光伟,杭明升等.公交优先技术方法[J].城市交通.2000(2):1-12.
[35].Transportation Research Board.Bus Rapid Transit Volume 2:Implementation Guidelines JR].2003.
[36].彭庆艳.大城市轨道交通线网规划方案研究[D].同济大学硕士学位论文.2002.
[37].王炜,徐吉谦,杨涛等著.城市交通规划理论及其应用[M].南京:东南大学出版社,1998.
[38].(法)SYSTRA索菲图公司.上海城市规划研究院.上海市城市轨道交通系统规划方案(最终报告)[R].2000.4.
[39].纪六虎.交通轴沿线的城镇发展与形态演变[D].同济大学硕士学位论文,2001.
[40].费移山.城市形态与城市交通相关性研究[D].东南大学硕士学位论文,2003.
[41].交通走廊对城镇形态演变的影响研究[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文,2004
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