轨道线网环境下的地面公交线网和换乘枢纽规划布局研究
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摘要
公共交通是对国民经济和社会发展具有先导性影响的基础产业,是城市客运的主体,是城市生产和生活必不可少的公益事业,是城市经济发展的动脉。轨道交通是城市公共交通的主骨架,决定着公共交通的结构和布局形态;地面公交是城市公共交通的主体,是轨道交通的有力补充,增强公共交通的通达性和方便性。随着公共交通的发展,许多大城市开始修建轨道交通,并逐渐形成系统完整的网络体系。轨道交通的修建打破了原有公共交通的供需平衡,为了保持公共交通的供需平衡,避免浪费交通资源,使公共交通健康、持续地发展,应对轨道交通走廊内的地面公交进行调整优化。
本文在分析轨道线网和地面公交线网特性的基础上,研究了轨道线网与地面公交线网的三种布局模式,分析了轨道线网对地面公交线网布局的影响;对地面公交线网进行了功能层次划分,在此基础上研究了各层次地面公交线网规划的模型和约束条件,提出了公交线网的布设方法;基于轨道交通与地面公交换乘枢纽的区位特点、换乘方式和换乘客流量,构建了公交换乘枢纽的功能层次等级,提出了各层次公交换乘枢纽的布局优化模型;在分析公交线网评价指标选取原则的基础上构建了地面公交线网合理性评价指标体系,提出了地面公交线网合理性和公交换乘枢纽协调性的评价方法。
以西安为依托,对论文所构架的地面公交线网规划理论体系进行验证,检验其适应性和可行性。
Public transport is the basic industry that have guiding influence to national economic and social development, is the main body of the urban passenger traffic, is the essential public service of production and life of city, also is the artery of urban economic development.
Rail transport is the skeleton of the urban public transport, determine the structure and layout of public transport. The ground public transit is the subject of the urban public transport and is the strong supplement of the rail transport, strengthen the sensible and convenience of the public transport. With the development of public transport, many large cities begin to build rail transport, and form the intact network system gradually. The construction of the rail transport has broken the equilibrium of supply and demand of the original public transport, in order to keep the equilibrium of supply and demand of the public transport, avoid wasting traffic resources, make the public transport develop healthily and continuously, should adjust and optimize the ground public transit within the rail transport corridor.
On the basis of analyzing characteristics of the rail network and ground public transit network, this thesis have studied three layout modes of the rail network and ground public transit network, have analyzed impact of the rail line network to ground public network; have divided the ground public transit network under the function level, on this basis, has studied every level network planning model and restraint terms of ground public transit, have proposed the method of laying public transit network. Based on zone feature, transferring way ,transferring passenger flow data of rail transport and ground interchange terminal, construct interchange terminal function level grade, putting forward every level optimized layout models of the interchange terminal; on the basis of analyzing principles that choose network evaluation index of public transit, construct rational evaluation index system of ground public transit network, put forward the evaluation method of rationality of ground public transit network and harmony of interchange terminal.
Taking a example of Xi'an, prove that framework theory and plan method of ground public transit network, to thesis is adaptable and feasible.
本文在分析轨道线网和地面公交线网特性的基础上,研究了轨道线网与地面公交线网的三种布局模式,分析了轨道线网对地面公交线网布局的影响;对地面公交线网进行了功能层次划分,在此基础上研究了各层次地面公交线网规划的模型和约束条件,提出了公交线网的布设方法;基于轨道交通与地面公交换乘枢纽的区位特点、换乘方式和换乘客流量,构建了公交换乘枢纽的功能层次等级,提出了各层次公交换乘枢纽的布局优化模型;在分析公交线网评价指标选取原则的基础上构建了地面公交线网合理性评价指标体系,提出了地面公交线网合理性和公交换乘枢纽协调性的评价方法。
以西安为依托,对论文所构架的地面公交线网规划理论体系进行验证,检验其适应性和可行性。
Public transport is the basic industry that have guiding influence to national economic and social development, is the main body of the urban passenger traffic, is the essential public service of production and life of city, also is the artery of urban economic development.
Rail transport is the skeleton of the urban public transport, determine the structure and layout of public transport. The ground public transit is the subject of the urban public transport and is the strong supplement of the rail transport, strengthen the sensible and convenience of the public transport. With the development of public transport, many large cities begin to build rail transport, and form the intact network system gradually. The construction of the rail transport has broken the equilibrium of supply and demand of the original public transport, in order to keep the equilibrium of supply and demand of the public transport, avoid wasting traffic resources, make the public transport develop healthily and continuously, should adjust and optimize the ground public transit within the rail transport corridor.
On the basis of analyzing characteristics of the rail network and ground public transit network, this thesis have studied three layout modes of the rail network and ground public transit network, have analyzed impact of the rail line network to ground public network; have divided the ground public transit network under the function level, on this basis, has studied every level network planning model and restraint terms of ground public transit, have proposed the method of laying public transit network. Based on zone feature, transferring way ,transferring passenger flow data of rail transport and ground interchange terminal, construct interchange terminal function level grade, putting forward every level optimized layout models of the interchange terminal; on the basis of analyzing principles that choose network evaluation index of public transit, construct rational evaluation index system of ground public transit network, put forward the evaluation method of rationality of ground public transit network and harmony of interchange terminal.
Taking a example of Xi'an, prove that framework theory and plan method of ground public transit network, to thesis is adaptable and feasible.
引文
[1]广州市轨道交通线网规划.广州:广州地铁总公司.2003
[2]蔡顺利.城市轨道交通在城市公共交通体系中骨干作用.城市管理与科技,2002(4):41-44
[3]Lampkim,Saalmans.The Design of Routes,Undertaking:A Case Study.Transportation Research,1967,34(2):123-127
[4]Baaj,M.H.,and Mahmassani,H.S.,Trust:A Lisp Frogam for the analysis of transit route configurations.Transp.Res.Rec,12(8):125-135
[5]Janarthanan Natarajan.Development of an Expert System to Assist in the Ineractive Graphic Transit System Design Process.Transportation Reseach Record,1998,21(4):44-48
[6]Fernadez Rodrigo.Expert System for the Preliminary Design and Location of High-capacity Bus stops.Traffic Engineering&Control,1993,34(6):533-539
[7]Pattnail,S.B.Urban bus Transit Route Network Design Using Genetic Algorithm.Journa of Transportation Engineering,1998,12(4):368-375
[8]David Sullivan.Using Desktop GIS for the Investigation of Accessibility by Public Transpor Anlsochrone Approach.Geographical Information Science,2002,14(1):123-157
[9]周鹤龙.美国大都市交通规划及其启示.国外城市规划,2002(4):50-52
[10]Hounsell,N.B.Urban network traffic control,Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers.Part,2001
[11]Vaseoncellos,Eduardo A.Urban transportation and traffic policies:The challenge of coexistence in developing countries,Transportation Quarterly,Winter,2000,91-101
[12]王炜,杨新苗,陈学武.城市公共交通系统规划方法与管理技术.北京:科学出版社.2002
[13]林柏梁,林富社,李鹏.基于出行费用最小的交通网络优化模型.中国公路学报,1999,12(1):79-83
[14]胡坚铭.智能公共交通关键理论和实施技术研究.吉林:吉林大学,2001
[15]王治栋.公交线网优化模型的建立.大连铁道学院学报,1997,12(4):31-34
[16]唐利民.运用FLAPT模型改善上海交通问题.系统工程理论方法应用,1999.8(1):25-28
[17]单连龙.城市交通网络设计与土地使用规划的研究.北京:北方交通大学,2000
[18]曹玫,林小涵.基于遗传算法的城市轨道交通接运公交线网规划.武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版),2005.29(4):568-570
[19]覃煜,晏克非.轨道交通与地面公交衔接系统分析.城市轨道交通研究,2002(2):44-48
[20]范海雁,杨晓光,夏晓梅,严凌.基于轨道交通的地面公交线网调整方法.城市轨道交通研究,2005(4):36-38
[21]广州市轨道交通四号线交通衔接规划.广州:广州至信交通顾问有限公司,2006
[22]张箴译.世界地铁线路网外形的形式.隧道译丛.1989(12):53-56
[23]毛保华.城市轨道交通规划与设计.北京:人民交通出版社,2005
[24]五忠强,高世廉.城市轨道交通路网形态分析方法.城市轨道交通研究,1999(5):33-36
[25]李媛媛.城市公共交通建设策略研究:以西安市为例.北京:人民交通出版社,2004
[26]李淑庆,滕宏伟.城市公交现状问题分析与线网布局规划模式研究.重庆交通学院学报,2006,25(2):89-92
[27]陈旭梅.城市轨道交通网络分析.成都:西南交通大学,2001
[28]王炜,徐吉谦.城市交通规划理论及其应用.南京:东南大学出版社,1998
[29]王缉宪.城市公共交通选线的激励分析.城市规划,1997(7):32-35
[30]Alok.Bansal.Optimization of Bus Route Network for a Fixed Spatial Distribution.Scientific Management of Transport System,1981.
[31]钱大琳,孙艳丰.离散非平衡公交网络优化模型及其求解算法.北方交通大学学报,2001,25(2)
[32]王志栋.公交线网优化模型的建立.大连铁道学院学报,1997,18(4)
[33]张纲.城市公交网络优化模型及评价系统.北京:北方交通大学,1987
[34]常玉林,胡启洲.城市公交线网优化的线性模型.中国公路学报,2005,18(1):95-98
[35]胡刚.城市公共交通网络及站点优化技术研究.南京:东南大学,2003
[36]李福志,胡思继.城市快速轨道交通路网规划的相关问题.交通运输工程学报,2001(1):15-18
[37]蒋冰蕾,孙爱充.城市快速轨道交通接运公交路线网规划.系统工程理论与实践,1998(3):130-139
[38]谢华,都金康.基于优化理论和GIS空间分析技术的公交站点规划方法.武汉理工大学学报.2004,28(6):907-909
[39]陆锡铭.综合交通规划.北京:人民交通出版社.2001
[40]覃煌,晏克非,赵童.铁路客运与市内公交衔接协调性的评价分析.武汉交通科技大学学报.2000,16(2):35-39
[41]覃煌,晏克非.轨道交通枢纽换乘效率DEA非均一评价模型.长安大学学报(自然科学版).2002,22(4):12-16
[42]段惠琴.求图最小控制集的逻辑算法.运城高等专科学校学报.2000,18(3):6-7
[43]袁振洲.城市轨道交通规划中与其他交通衔接问题的分析.科学导报.2000(11):25-27
[44]郭志勇.城市轨道交通枢纽换乘协调研究.武汉:华中科技大学,2001
[45]张学尽.城市轨道交通与地面公交换乘协调性研究.成都:西南交通大学,2001
[46]姚新虎.城市快速轨道交通与地面公交的线网协调研究.西安:长安大学,2005
[47]王建军.公路建设项目后评价理论与方法研究.北京:人民交通出版社,2005
[48]郭亚军.综合评价理论与方法.北京:科学出版社,2002
[49]胡永宏.综合评价方法.北京:科学出版社,2000
[2]蔡顺利.城市轨道交通在城市公共交通体系中骨干作用.城市管理与科技,2002(4):41-44
[3]Lampkim,Saalmans.The Design of Routes,Undertaking:A Case Study.Transportation Research,1967,34(2):123-127
[4]Baaj,M.H.,and Mahmassani,H.S.,Trust:A Lisp Frogam for the analysis of transit route configurations.Transp.Res.Rec,12(8):125-135
[5]Janarthanan Natarajan.Development of an Expert System to Assist in the Ineractive Graphic Transit System Design Process.Transportation Reseach Record,1998,21(4):44-48
[6]Fernadez Rodrigo.Expert System for the Preliminary Design and Location of High-capacity Bus stops.Traffic Engineering&Control,1993,34(6):533-539
[7]Pattnail,S.B.Urban bus Transit Route Network Design Using Genetic Algorithm.Journa of Transportation Engineering,1998,12(4):368-375
[8]David Sullivan.Using Desktop GIS for the Investigation of Accessibility by Public Transpor Anlsochrone Approach.Geographical Information Science,2002,14(1):123-157
[9]周鹤龙.美国大都市交通规划及其启示.国外城市规划,2002(4):50-52
[10]Hounsell,N.B.Urban network traffic control,Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers.Part,2001
[11]Vaseoncellos,Eduardo A.Urban transportation and traffic policies:The challenge of coexistence in developing countries,Transportation Quarterly,Winter,2000,91-101
[12]王炜,杨新苗,陈学武.城市公共交通系统规划方法与管理技术.北京:科学出版社.2002
[13]林柏梁,林富社,李鹏.基于出行费用最小的交通网络优化模型.中国公路学报,1999,12(1):79-83
[14]胡坚铭.智能公共交通关键理论和实施技术研究.吉林:吉林大学,2001
[15]王治栋.公交线网优化模型的建立.大连铁道学院学报,1997,12(4):31-34
[16]唐利民.运用FLAPT模型改善上海交通问题.系统工程理论方法应用,1999.8(1):25-28
[17]单连龙.城市交通网络设计与土地使用规划的研究.北京:北方交通大学,2000
[18]曹玫,林小涵.基于遗传算法的城市轨道交通接运公交线网规划.武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版),2005.29(4):568-570
[19]覃煜,晏克非.轨道交通与地面公交衔接系统分析.城市轨道交通研究,2002(2):44-48
[20]范海雁,杨晓光,夏晓梅,严凌.基于轨道交通的地面公交线网调整方法.城市轨道交通研究,2005(4):36-38
[21]广州市轨道交通四号线交通衔接规划.广州:广州至信交通顾问有限公司,2006
[22]张箴译.世界地铁线路网外形的形式.隧道译丛.1989(12):53-56
[23]毛保华.城市轨道交通规划与设计.北京:人民交通出版社,2005
[24]五忠强,高世廉.城市轨道交通路网形态分析方法.城市轨道交通研究,1999(5):33-36
[25]李媛媛.城市公共交通建设策略研究:以西安市为例.北京:人民交通出版社,2004
[26]李淑庆,滕宏伟.城市公交现状问题分析与线网布局规划模式研究.重庆交通学院学报,2006,25(2):89-92
[27]陈旭梅.城市轨道交通网络分析.成都:西南交通大学,2001
[28]王炜,徐吉谦.城市交通规划理论及其应用.南京:东南大学出版社,1998
[29]王缉宪.城市公共交通选线的激励分析.城市规划,1997(7):32-35
[30]Alok.Bansal.Optimization of Bus Route Network for a Fixed Spatial Distribution.Scientific Management of Transport System,1981.
[31]钱大琳,孙艳丰.离散非平衡公交网络优化模型及其求解算法.北方交通大学学报,2001,25(2)
[32]王志栋.公交线网优化模型的建立.大连铁道学院学报,1997,18(4)
[33]张纲.城市公交网络优化模型及评价系统.北京:北方交通大学,1987
[34]常玉林,胡启洲.城市公交线网优化的线性模型.中国公路学报,2005,18(1):95-98
[35]胡刚.城市公共交通网络及站点优化技术研究.南京:东南大学,2003
[36]李福志,胡思继.城市快速轨道交通路网规划的相关问题.交通运输工程学报,2001(1):15-18
[37]蒋冰蕾,孙爱充.城市快速轨道交通接运公交路线网规划.系统工程理论与实践,1998(3):130-139
[38]谢华,都金康.基于优化理论和GIS空间分析技术的公交站点规划方法.武汉理工大学学报.2004,28(6):907-909
[39]陆锡铭.综合交通规划.北京:人民交通出版社.2001
[40]覃煌,晏克非,赵童.铁路客运与市内公交衔接协调性的评价分析.武汉交通科技大学学报.2000,16(2):35-39
[41]覃煌,晏克非.轨道交通枢纽换乘效率DEA非均一评价模型.长安大学学报(自然科学版).2002,22(4):12-16
[42]段惠琴.求图最小控制集的逻辑算法.运城高等专科学校学报.2000,18(3):6-7
[43]袁振洲.城市轨道交通规划中与其他交通衔接问题的分析.科学导报.2000(11):25-27
[44]郭志勇.城市轨道交通枢纽换乘协调研究.武汉:华中科技大学,2001
[45]张学尽.城市轨道交通与地面公交换乘协调性研究.成都:西南交通大学,2001
[46]姚新虎.城市快速轨道交通与地面公交的线网协调研究.西安:长安大学,2005
[47]王建军.公路建设项目后评价理论与方法研究.北京:人民交通出版社,2005
[48]郭亚军.综合评价理论与方法.北京:科学出版社,2002
[49]胡永宏.综合评价方法.北京:科学出版社,2000