基于城市轨道交通的常规公交线网调整方法
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摘要
随着我国大力发展和建设城市轨道交通,其在公共交通体系中所扮演的角色越来越重要。轨道交通的开通运行,势必与沿线现有常规公交形成客流竞争关系。然而,无论是常规公交系统还是城市轨道交通,都因各自局限性而无法满足不同人群的出行需求。因此,只有将城市轨道交通和常规公交两者结合起来,适时调整常规公交站点及线网布局,才能充分发挥轨道交通的骨干作用及其整体效益,使轨道交通与常规公交系统最终达到“双赢”目的。
本文首先对国内外城市基于轨道交通开行的常规公交线网协调的理论和实践研究进行总结综述,然后结合两大公交方式的技术经济特性进行客流分析和功能定位。从公交站点,公交线路及公交线网三方面研究了以轨道交通为核心的常规公交线网的布局调整问题。剖析了由点到线到面的常规公交线路的调整方法。
在常规公交的站点协调优化中,以站点换乘客运周转量最大为目标,构建了接运公交首末站的优化选取模型,并以乘客总出行时间最小为原则建立最优站间距求解模型；从现有常规公交线路的调整和新增接运公交线路两个方面论述完成轨道接运任务的常规公交线路调整方法。以客运周转量的接运效率最大为规划目标建立接运效率模型。
最后,以成都市即将开通运营的地铁1号线为背景,分析1号线沿线常规公交运营现状,给出了公交线路调整建议。
With the vigorous development and rapid construction of urban rail transit, it plays a more and more important role in the public transport system in China. The operation of the rail transit will definitely compete with the existing conventional public transit. However, neither of them can meet the different demand of different kinds of people alone, for both of them have their individual limitations. Therefore, it seems that only by combining urban rail transit with conventional public transit, adjust the conventional bus station and network allocation appropriately, can the urban rail transit give full play to its effect and overall efficiency, so as to get a "win-win" situation for both the urban rail transit and the public transport system.
This paper first makes a summary on the theory and practice study of the conventional public transit line and network corporation based on rail transit operation both at home and abroad. After that this paper carries out the passenger flow analysis and function orientation based on the technical and economical characteristics of the above two major public transport forms. Conventional public transit network adjustment problem with rail transit as the core has been studied from three aspects, which are bus station, bus line and public transit line network. The conventional public transport adjust methods have also been analyzed.
In the conventional public transit station coordination and optimization process, using maximize the station transfer passenger person kilometers as the objective function, this paper built an optimal select model which can connect the origin station and the terminal station, and the optimal station spacing solving model has been built on the principle of minimum the total travel time of the passengers. This paper also discussed the conventional public transit line adjustment method to achieve the line feeder task from two aspects which are conventional existing public transport adjustment and newly increasing public transit feeder lines. Using maximize the feeder efficiency of the passenger person kilometers as the planning objectives, the feeder efficiency model has been built.
Finally, this paper makes an analysis of the current operational situation of conventional public transit along the Chengdu Subway No.1 Line; adjust the surrounding bus station and the bus line alignment.
本文首先对国内外城市基于轨道交通开行的常规公交线网协调的理论和实践研究进行总结综述,然后结合两大公交方式的技术经济特性进行客流分析和功能定位。从公交站点,公交线路及公交线网三方面研究了以轨道交通为核心的常规公交线网的布局调整问题。剖析了由点到线到面的常规公交线路的调整方法。
在常规公交的站点协调优化中,以站点换乘客运周转量最大为目标,构建了接运公交首末站的优化选取模型,并以乘客总出行时间最小为原则建立最优站间距求解模型；从现有常规公交线路的调整和新增接运公交线路两个方面论述完成轨道接运任务的常规公交线路调整方法。以客运周转量的接运效率最大为规划目标建立接运效率模型。
最后,以成都市即将开通运营的地铁1号线为背景,分析1号线沿线常规公交运营现状,给出了公交线路调整建议。
With the vigorous development and rapid construction of urban rail transit, it plays a more and more important role in the public transport system in China. The operation of the rail transit will definitely compete with the existing conventional public transit. However, neither of them can meet the different demand of different kinds of people alone, for both of them have their individual limitations. Therefore, it seems that only by combining urban rail transit with conventional public transit, adjust the conventional bus station and network allocation appropriately, can the urban rail transit give full play to its effect and overall efficiency, so as to get a "win-win" situation for both the urban rail transit and the public transport system.
This paper first makes a summary on the theory and practice study of the conventional public transit line and network corporation based on rail transit operation both at home and abroad. After that this paper carries out the passenger flow analysis and function orientation based on the technical and economical characteristics of the above two major public transport forms. Conventional public transit network adjustment problem with rail transit as the core has been studied from three aspects, which are bus station, bus line and public transit line network. The conventional public transport adjust methods have also been analyzed.
In the conventional public transit station coordination and optimization process, using maximize the station transfer passenger person kilometers as the objective function, this paper built an optimal select model which can connect the origin station and the terminal station, and the optimal station spacing solving model has been built on the principle of minimum the total travel time of the passengers. This paper also discussed the conventional public transit line adjustment method to achieve the line feeder task from two aspects which are conventional existing public transport adjustment and newly increasing public transit feeder lines. Using maximize the feeder efficiency of the passenger person kilometers as the planning objectives, the feeder efficiency model has been built.
Finally, this paper makes an analysis of the current operational situation of conventional public transit along the Chengdu Subway No.1 Line; adjust the surrounding bus station and the bus line alignment.
引文
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[3]Pattnaik S.B, Mohan.S, Tom V.M. Urban bus transit route network design using genetic algorithm. Journal of Transportation Engineering,1998,124(4):368-375.
[4]Hurdle.V.F. Location of rail station for many to one travel demand and several feeder model[J]. Journal of Advanced Transportation,1980,14(1):36-38.
[5]Martins C L, Pato M V. Search strategies for the feeder bus network design Problem. European Journal of Operation Research,1998(106):425-430.
[6]G. K. Kuah,J. Perl.Optimization of feeder bus routes and bus-stop spacing[J]. Journal of Transportation Engineering,1989,114(3):751-767.
[7]Fernandez Rodrigo. Expert system for the preliminary design and location of high-capacity bus-stops. Traffic Engineering & Control,1993,34(11):533-539.
[8]R.E. Allsop. University of London Center for Transport Studies Report[J]. Traffic Engineering &Control,1997:36-38.
[9]S.N.Kuan, H.L.Ong and K.M.Ng. Solving the feeder bus network design problem by genetic algorithms and ant colony optimization. Advances in Engineering Software, 2006(37):351-359.
[10]Taylor.m.a.p. Urban Public transport research in Australia 1969-1989. A review.Australian road research,1990, vol.20(1):22-29.
[11]Roy Gresswell. Urban Planning & Public transportation. The Construction Press, Lancaster, England,1997:90-92.
[12]Luo Yon, Huang Hai-bo, Guo Xiu-chun. The study of bus stop spacing optimizing model based on the minimum system total cost [J]. Journal of Sichuan University of Science and Technology,2003:74-76.
[13]Meyer R.John, Kain F.John. The urban transportation masterplan kunming[J].Urban Public Transportation System Planning.1996:116-171.
[14]WolfgangS. Homburger. Transportation and traffic engineering hand book (second edition) [M]. Institute of transportation engineers,1982.
[15]Levinson, H.S. Rail transit in the next millennium:Some global perspectives [J]. Transportation research Record,2000:32-35.
[16]Ian S.J. Dickins. Park and ride facilities on light rail transit systems[J]. Transportation, 1991,18:23-36.
[17]王炜,徐吉谦,杨涛.城市交通规划[M].东南大学出版社,2000.
[18]王炜,杨新苗,陈学武等.城市公共交通系统规划方法与管理技术[M].科学出版社,2002.
[19]韩传峰,胡志伟.城市公交路网性能评估的网络图方法[J].系统工程,2003,21(3)：58-61.
[20]赵巧霞,马志强,张发.以最小换乘次数和站数为目标的公交出行算法[J].计算机应用,2004,24(12)：136-137.
[21]王志栋.公交线网优化模型的建立[J].大连铁道学院学报,1997,12(4)：31-34.
[22]蒋冰蕾等.城市快速轨道交通接运公交路线网规划[J].系统工程理论与实践,1998.03：130-134.
[23]陈学武,李淑娟.城市公共交通优先权的目标、效果与措施[J].中国市政工程,2001,93(2)：15-17.
[24]孙章.城市轨道交通的百年回眸[M].北京：科学技术出版社,2003,55(1)：6-10.
[25]郑大伟.我国城市公共交通存在的问题及对策[J].黑龙江交通科技,2007,(5)：99-100.
[26]蔡顺利.城市轨道交通在城市公共交通体系中的骨干作用[J].城市管理与科技,2002(2)：41-44.
[27]蔡顺利.德国城市轨道交通概述—德国考查观感[J].城市管理与科技,2004(4)：33-35.
[28]袁振洲.城市轨道交通规划中与其他交通衔接问题的分析[J].科学导报,2001(11)：48-50.
[29]北京城建设计院.广州市城市轨道交通线网规划[R].北京：北京城建设计院,1997.
[30]林涛.地铁枢纽交通衔接研究[D].同济大学硕士论文,2000年.
[31]姜帆.城市轨道交通与其它交通方式衔接的研究[J].北方交通大学学报,2001,25(4)：108-110.
[32]史其信,陆化普,殷亚峰.浅谈城市轨道交通客流预测方法[J].清华大学交通研究所：23-26.
[33]钱臻,陆化普.一种公交网络客流分配方法及其实用性研究[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2005,45(9)：1170-1174.
[34]轩宏伟,王花兰,颜月霞.常规公交影响下的轨道交通吸引范围研究[J].铁道运输与经济,2007,7(29)：61-63.
[35]章明蓝.增加公共交通吸引力的对策探讨[J].交通与运输,2001.6：10-11.
[36]覃煜,晏克非.轨道交通与常规公交衔接系统分析[J].城市轨道交通研究,2000(6)：44-48.
[37]陆建,胡刚.常规公交线网布局层次规划法及其应用[J].交通规划与研究,2004：34-37.
[38]詹运洲.城市客运交通政策研究及交通结构优化[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2001.07.
[39]周翊民.加快建设我国大城市轨道交通体系[J].城市轨道交通研究,2000(1)：12-14.
[40]梁广.城市综合换乘系统研究[D].长安大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[41]单传平.以轨道交通为骨干的城市公交线网协调性研究[D].重庆交通大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[42]周磊.武汉地铁2号线沿线公交系统调整研究[D].武汉理工大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[43]周立新等.城市轨道交通系统的换乘研究[J].城市轨道交通研究,2001.04：35-38.
[44]陆化普.库里提巴发展公共交通的经验与启示[J].北京市快速公交系统发展战略研讨会论文集,2003：34-41.
[45]单静涛,李东等.城市交通枢纽交通换乘分析与客流组织评价研究[J].第七次城市道路与交通工程学术交流会议：153-161.
[46]席庆,霍亚敏,叶怀珍.交通运输枢纽中客运站点布局问题的研究[J].西南交通大学学报,1999,34(3)：374-378.
[47]吴稼豪.国外公交网络优化设计综述[J].系统工程.1986(5)：22-26.
[48]陈启新.城市公共交通规划的一般要求[J].城市公共交通,2002(1)：18-19.
[49]王缉宪.城市公共交通选线的机理分析[J].城市交通,1999(23)：44-47.
[50]文国炜.城市交通与道路系统规划设计[M].清华大学出版社,1991.
[51]周爱娣.常规公交线网现状分析评价指标及近期调整优化方法[D].东南大学硕士学位论文,2002.
[52]王显民,姚洪伟.巴西库里蒂巴市的城市公共交通[J].国外公交：33-34.
[53]孙章.加快发展以轨道交通为骨干的城市公共交通[J].城市轨道交通研究,1998(02)：3-5.
[2]Ceder,A., an Wilson, N.H.M(1986),Bus Network Design. Transp, Res, Part B,2000(1): 331-344.
[3]Pattnaik S.B, Mohan.S, Tom V.M. Urban bus transit route network design using genetic algorithm. Journal of Transportation Engineering,1998,124(4):368-375.
[4]Hurdle.V.F. Location of rail station for many to one travel demand and several feeder model[J]. Journal of Advanced Transportation,1980,14(1):36-38.
[5]Martins C L, Pato M V. Search strategies for the feeder bus network design Problem. European Journal of Operation Research,1998(106):425-430.
[6]G. K. Kuah,J. Perl.Optimization of feeder bus routes and bus-stop spacing[J]. Journal of Transportation Engineering,1989,114(3):751-767.
[7]Fernandez Rodrigo. Expert system for the preliminary design and location of high-capacity bus-stops. Traffic Engineering & Control,1993,34(11):533-539.
[8]R.E. Allsop. University of London Center for Transport Studies Report[J]. Traffic Engineering &Control,1997:36-38.
[9]S.N.Kuan, H.L.Ong and K.M.Ng. Solving the feeder bus network design problem by genetic algorithms and ant colony optimization. Advances in Engineering Software, 2006(37):351-359.
[10]Taylor.m.a.p. Urban Public transport research in Australia 1969-1989. A review.Australian road research,1990, vol.20(1):22-29.
[11]Roy Gresswell. Urban Planning & Public transportation. The Construction Press, Lancaster, England,1997:90-92.
[12]Luo Yon, Huang Hai-bo, Guo Xiu-chun. The study of bus stop spacing optimizing model based on the minimum system total cost [J]. Journal of Sichuan University of Science and Technology,2003:74-76.
[13]Meyer R.John, Kain F.John. The urban transportation masterplan kunming[J].Urban Public Transportation System Planning.1996:116-171.
[14]WolfgangS. Homburger. Transportation and traffic engineering hand book (second edition) [M]. Institute of transportation engineers,1982.
[15]Levinson, H.S. Rail transit in the next millennium:Some global perspectives [J]. Transportation research Record,2000:32-35.
[16]Ian S.J. Dickins. Park and ride facilities on light rail transit systems[J]. Transportation, 1991,18:23-36.
[17]王炜,徐吉谦,杨涛.城市交通规划[M].东南大学出版社,2000.
[18]王炜,杨新苗,陈学武等.城市公共交通系统规划方法与管理技术[M].科学出版社,2002.
[19]韩传峰,胡志伟.城市公交路网性能评估的网络图方法[J].系统工程,2003,21(3)：58-61.
[20]赵巧霞,马志强,张发.以最小换乘次数和站数为目标的公交出行算法[J].计算机应用,2004,24(12)：136-137.
[21]王志栋.公交线网优化模型的建立[J].大连铁道学院学报,1997,12(4)：31-34.
[22]蒋冰蕾等.城市快速轨道交通接运公交路线网规划[J].系统工程理论与实践,1998.03：130-134.
[23]陈学武,李淑娟.城市公共交通优先权的目标、效果与措施[J].中国市政工程,2001,93(2)：15-17.
[24]孙章.城市轨道交通的百年回眸[M].北京：科学技术出版社,2003,55(1)：6-10.
[25]郑大伟.我国城市公共交通存在的问题及对策[J].黑龙江交通科技,2007,(5)：99-100.
[26]蔡顺利.城市轨道交通在城市公共交通体系中的骨干作用[J].城市管理与科技,2002(2)：41-44.
[27]蔡顺利.德国城市轨道交通概述—德国考查观感[J].城市管理与科技,2004(4)：33-35.
[28]袁振洲.城市轨道交通规划中与其他交通衔接问题的分析[J].科学导报,2001(11)：48-50.
[29]北京城建设计院.广州市城市轨道交通线网规划[R].北京：北京城建设计院,1997.
[30]林涛.地铁枢纽交通衔接研究[D].同济大学硕士论文,2000年.
[31]姜帆.城市轨道交通与其它交通方式衔接的研究[J].北方交通大学学报,2001,25(4)：108-110.
[32]史其信,陆化普,殷亚峰.浅谈城市轨道交通客流预测方法[J].清华大学交通研究所：23-26.
[33]钱臻,陆化普.一种公交网络客流分配方法及其实用性研究[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2005,45(9)：1170-1174.
[34]轩宏伟,王花兰,颜月霞.常规公交影响下的轨道交通吸引范围研究[J].铁道运输与经济,2007,7(29)：61-63.
[35]章明蓝.增加公共交通吸引力的对策探讨[J].交通与运输,2001.6：10-11.
[36]覃煜,晏克非.轨道交通与常规公交衔接系统分析[J].城市轨道交通研究,2000(6)：44-48.
[37]陆建,胡刚.常规公交线网布局层次规划法及其应用[J].交通规划与研究,2004：34-37.
[38]詹运洲.城市客运交通政策研究及交通结构优化[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2001.07.
[39]周翊民.加快建设我国大城市轨道交通体系[J].城市轨道交通研究,2000(1)：12-14.
[40]梁广.城市综合换乘系统研究[D].长安大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[41]单传平.以轨道交通为骨干的城市公交线网协调性研究[D].重庆交通大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[42]周磊.武汉地铁2号线沿线公交系统调整研究[D].武汉理工大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[43]周立新等.城市轨道交通系统的换乘研究[J].城市轨道交通研究,2001.04：35-38.
[44]陆化普.库里提巴发展公共交通的经验与启示[J].北京市快速公交系统发展战略研讨会论文集,2003：34-41.
[45]单静涛,李东等.城市交通枢纽交通换乘分析与客流组织评价研究[J].第七次城市道路与交通工程学术交流会议：153-161.
[46]席庆,霍亚敏,叶怀珍.交通运输枢纽中客运站点布局问题的研究[J].西南交通大学学报,1999,34(3)：374-378.
[47]吴稼豪.国外公交网络优化设计综述[J].系统工程.1986(5)：22-26.
[48]陈启新.城市公共交通规划的一般要求[J].城市公共交通,2002(1)：18-19.
[49]王缉宪.城市公共交通选线的机理分析[J].城市交通,1999(23)：44-47.
[50]文国炜.城市交通与道路系统规划设计[M].清华大学出版社,1991.
[51]周爱娣.常规公交线网现状分析评价指标及近期调整优化方法[D].东南大学硕士学位论文,2002.
[52]王显民,姚洪伟.巴西库里蒂巴市的城市公共交通[J].国外公交：33-34.
[53]孙章.加快发展以轨道交通为骨干的城市公共交通[J].城市轨道交通研究,1998(02)：3-5.