武汉市轨道交通二号线接运公交线网优化研究
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摘要
轨道交通因其速度快、运输效率高及安全性高等特点在公共交通系统中越来越受重视。目前国内已经进入到轨道交通大发展时期,共有14个城市拥有轨道交通线路、27个城市正在筹备建设城市轨道交通。武汉轨道交通发展速度也很快,到2012年武汉有地铁二号线以及地铁四号线投入运营。届时武汉交通状况将大大改善,缓解武汉过江难、高峰小时拥堵的状况。
接运公交是为轨道交通输送与疏散人流的公共汽车,与轨道交通形成轨道—接运公交系统。在这个系统中接运公交线路与城市轨道交通衔接可作为城市轨道交通线路的延伸,由于轨道交通线网密度低,与接运公交接驳能够有效提高轨道交通的客流吸引范围及影响区域,能够为轨道交通输送较为多的客流。接运公交与轨道交通接驳,可以实现零换乘,并通过轨道交通运量大、速度快的优势提高运输效率,通过接运公交线路灵活、通过能力强的特点实现门到门运输服务。在武汉轨道交通二号线即将开通的情况下研究接运公交线网的优化能够为武汉公交线网优化提供决策依据,有极大的现实意义。
本文首先通过轨道交通常规公交与接运公交的联系以及接运公交功能分析两方面阐述接运公交的性质与作用,其次分析了武汉市公交状况,提出武汉市轨道交通接运公交发展的必要性。接着对传统的公交客流OD推导方法进行了改进,提出平均乘距约束及修正的OD推导模型,推导并预测了2012年武汉轨道交通开通后的的公交客运需求量。然后通过对通用的公交线网优化目标的选取以及限定条件的筛选,选取合适的目标函数和限定条件。运用直达乘客量最大为优化目标建立了轨道交通二号线线网优化模型。最后分析了公交线网各种优化算法优缺点的基础上选取蚁群算法作为武汉地铁二号线接运公交线网优化求解方法,结合直达乘客量最大为目标函数进行求解,最终得到优化结果。根据优化结果结合武汉城市特性得到武汉地铁二号线接运公交线网优化方案。
本文研究成果为以后接运公交线网的优化提供了参考,能够为武汉轨道交通二号线接运公交线网优化提供理论依据。
Rail transportation attracts more and more attention because of its fast, efficient and safe transport characteristics in the public transport system. At present, rail traffic has entered the period of great development, a total of 14 cities have rail transit lines, 27 cities are preparing the construction of urban rail transit. The development of Wuhan rail transit is quick, there are two subways being in operation in 2012 which are Wuhan No.2 subway and No.4 subway. Then the traffic situation of Wuhan will be greatly improved and the situation of peak-hour congestion and difficulty to cross the river in Wuhan will be ease.
Transit feeder buses are normal buses which pick up and evacuation passages for rail transit and it become transit rail-feeder buses transportation system. In this system, the link of transit feeder buses lines and urban rail transit can be used as an extension of urban rail transit line. Because the rail transit network density is low and transit feeder buses connections to improve passenger rail transportation to attract the scope and impact areas, so as to get rail passengers. The link of transit feeder buses can achieve zero transfer, and take the advantage of large volume, fast speed and high transport efficiency of traffic by rail, pick up bus lines through flexible, strong ability to achieve through the door to door transport services. Wuhan No.2 subway is about to open, in the case of this, the study on transit feeder buses routes optimal design of Wuhan No.2 subway can be decision-making basis for routes optimal of Wuhan bus lines. So the study has great practical significance.
Firstly, we analyzed the nature and role in public transportation of transit feeder buses through the links between transit and transit feeder buses bus functional analysis of transit feeder buses, followed by analysis of the situation in Wuhan city bus. Then we proposed the necessity for transit feeder buses routes optimal design. Then, we proposed a modified model by an average of OD from the constraints and the derivation of the modified model which was the modified through traditional method of transit passenger OD derivation. On the base the paper predicted rail traffic in Wuhan in 2012 after the opening of bus passenger demand. We select the targets and qualification screening through general public transportation network and then optimized by the select the appropriate objective function and qualification. Then we use the maximum direct passenger rail traffic optimization objective to establish model for transit feeder buses routes optimal design of Wuhan No.2 subway. Finally, we choused ant colony algorithm to solve transit feeder buses routes optimal design of Wuhan No.2 subway Wuhan based on the analyses of the advantages and disadvantages of public transportation network of various optimization algorithms and get the final optimized results. Then we got transit feeder buses routes optimization scheme of Wuhan No.2 subway according to characteristics Wuhan city and optimization results which obtained before.
This research provides reference for transit feeder buses routes optimal design in the future and theoretical basis for transit feeder buses routes optimal design of Wuhan No.2 subway.
接运公交是为轨道交通输送与疏散人流的公共汽车,与轨道交通形成轨道—接运公交系统。在这个系统中接运公交线路与城市轨道交通衔接可作为城市轨道交通线路的延伸,由于轨道交通线网密度低,与接运公交接驳能够有效提高轨道交通的客流吸引范围及影响区域,能够为轨道交通输送较为多的客流。接运公交与轨道交通接驳,可以实现零换乘,并通过轨道交通运量大、速度快的优势提高运输效率,通过接运公交线路灵活、通过能力强的特点实现门到门运输服务。在武汉轨道交通二号线即将开通的情况下研究接运公交线网的优化能够为武汉公交线网优化提供决策依据,有极大的现实意义。
本文首先通过轨道交通常规公交与接运公交的联系以及接运公交功能分析两方面阐述接运公交的性质与作用,其次分析了武汉市公交状况,提出武汉市轨道交通接运公交发展的必要性。接着对传统的公交客流OD推导方法进行了改进,提出平均乘距约束及修正的OD推导模型,推导并预测了2012年武汉轨道交通开通后的的公交客运需求量。然后通过对通用的公交线网优化目标的选取以及限定条件的筛选,选取合适的目标函数和限定条件。运用直达乘客量最大为优化目标建立了轨道交通二号线线网优化模型。最后分析了公交线网各种优化算法优缺点的基础上选取蚁群算法作为武汉地铁二号线接运公交线网优化求解方法,结合直达乘客量最大为目标函数进行求解,最终得到优化结果。根据优化结果结合武汉城市特性得到武汉地铁二号线接运公交线网优化方案。
本文研究成果为以后接运公交线网的优化提供了参考,能够为武汉轨道交通二号线接运公交线网优化提供理论依据。
Rail transportation attracts more and more attention because of its fast, efficient and safe transport characteristics in the public transport system. At present, rail traffic has entered the period of great development, a total of 14 cities have rail transit lines, 27 cities are preparing the construction of urban rail transit. The development of Wuhan rail transit is quick, there are two subways being in operation in 2012 which are Wuhan No.2 subway and No.4 subway. Then the traffic situation of Wuhan will be greatly improved and the situation of peak-hour congestion and difficulty to cross the river in Wuhan will be ease.
Transit feeder buses are normal buses which pick up and evacuation passages for rail transit and it become transit rail-feeder buses transportation system. In this system, the link of transit feeder buses lines and urban rail transit can be used as an extension of urban rail transit line. Because the rail transit network density is low and transit feeder buses connections to improve passenger rail transportation to attract the scope and impact areas, so as to get rail passengers. The link of transit feeder buses can achieve zero transfer, and take the advantage of large volume, fast speed and high transport efficiency of traffic by rail, pick up bus lines through flexible, strong ability to achieve through the door to door transport services. Wuhan No.2 subway is about to open, in the case of this, the study on transit feeder buses routes optimal design of Wuhan No.2 subway can be decision-making basis for routes optimal of Wuhan bus lines. So the study has great practical significance.
Firstly, we analyzed the nature and role in public transportation of transit feeder buses through the links between transit and transit feeder buses bus functional analysis of transit feeder buses, followed by analysis of the situation in Wuhan city bus. Then we proposed the necessity for transit feeder buses routes optimal design. Then, we proposed a modified model by an average of OD from the constraints and the derivation of the modified model which was the modified through traditional method of transit passenger OD derivation. On the base the paper predicted rail traffic in Wuhan in 2012 after the opening of bus passenger demand. We select the targets and qualification screening through general public transportation network and then optimized by the select the appropriate objective function and qualification. Then we use the maximum direct passenger rail traffic optimization objective to establish model for transit feeder buses routes optimal design of Wuhan No.2 subway. Finally, we choused ant colony algorithm to solve transit feeder buses routes optimal design of Wuhan No.2 subway Wuhan based on the analyses of the advantages and disadvantages of public transportation network of various optimization algorithms and get the final optimized results. Then we got transit feeder buses routes optimization scheme of Wuhan No.2 subway according to characteristics Wuhan city and optimization results which obtained before.
This research provides reference for transit feeder buses routes optimal design in the future and theoretical basis for transit feeder buses routes optimal design of Wuhan No.2 subway.
引文
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[4]张超,杨晓光,庄斌.基于宏观仿真模拟的公交线网评价模型[J].系统工程,2007,(12).
[5]姜平,石琴,陈无畏,张卫华.基于Elman型回归神经网络的公交客流预测[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),2008,(03).
[6]肖滨,范炳全,柯欣.城市公交线网的分层规划方法[J].城市交通,2005,3(3)：19-20
[7]王海涌,刘丽颜,郑丽英,胡晓辉.基于模糊分析的城市公交线路网络综合评价[J].甘肃科学学报,2004,16(3)：80-83
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[9]雷艳军,王文清TRANSCAD在地区客运规划中的应用[J].交通与计算机,2006,(01).
[11]胡启洲,张卫华.基于信息熵的公交线网优化方案余弦排序[J].系统工程理论与实践,2008,(12).
[12]王建军,黄兰华,杨佩佩.基于轨道交通网络的道路公交线网评价研究[J].城市轨道交通研究,2008,(12).
[13]胡开桥.淮安市公交线网的模糊综合评价[J].系统仿真技术,2007,(01).
[14]葛志涛,李自林,常汝鸿.小城镇公交线网规划研究[J].天津城市建设学院学报,2008,(01).
[15]刘海英,韩印.面向实时换乘信息的公交线网实时优化方法研究[J].交通与运输(学术版),2009,(01).
[16]张欣伟,张贵兰.城市公交线网规划体系研究[J].交通企业管理,2008,(05).
[17]胡启洲,邓卫,周媛.公交线网优化的物元分析法[J].武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版),2009,(01).
[18]范海雁,韩印,杨晓芳.公交网络OD反推在公交线网规划中的应用[J].交通与计算机,2007,(05).
[19]刘好德,杨晓光.基于路线优选的公交线网优化设计方法研究[J].交通与计算机,2007,(02).
[20]张健,李文权.公交线网优化的算法研究[J].交通运输工程与信息学报,2008,(03).
[21]钱大琳,孙艳丰.离散非平衡公交网络优化模型及其求解算法[J].北方交通大学学报,2001,(02)
[22]于滨,杨永志,杨忠振,靳廉洁.基于直达客流密度最大的公交线网优化[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2009,(02).
[23]胡启洲,邓卫,田新现.基于四维消耗的公交线网优化模型及蚁群算法[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2008,(02).
[24]胡启洲,张卫华.基于信息熵的公交线网优化方案余弦排序[J].系统工程理论与实践,2008,(12).
[25]陈红,肖殿良,柳孟松,罗剑.城镇公交线网布局优化方法研究[J].重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版),2008,(01).
[26]李永昶,张巧艳.兰州市公交线网优化模型构建[J].铁路计算机应用,2008,(01).
[27]胡启洲,邓卫.基于线性分派法对公交线网优化方案排序[J].系统管理学报,2007,(04).
[28]邓卫,胡启洲.基于灰色模糊数的公交线网优化研究[J].中国工程科学,2007,(11).
[29]胡启洲,张卫华.城市公交线网优化的灰色关联度决策模型[J].系统工程学报,2007,(06).
[30]朱小郭,马江山.快速公交的线网规划研究[J].山西科技,2009,(01).
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