基于改进的数据驱动随机子空间方法的钢筋混凝土立筒仓动力参数研究
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摘要
钢筋混凝土立筒仓在我国粮食、煤炭、建材、冶金等行业中被广泛应用,然而在地震中钢筋混凝土立筒仓发生破坏的现象依然严重。因此,根据立筒仓结构设计、工程应用、抗震减灾的需要,对其动力计算问题进行深入系统的理论分析和试验研究是十分必要和紧迫的。
目前对于钢筋混凝土立筒仓动力计算问题的研究甚少,没有形成成熟的理论体系。对于立筒仓的抗震设计,在“工业构筑物抗震鉴定标准”中仅有单仓的频率简化计算方法,而没有相应规范和标准给出群仓的频率、振型和阻尼比的计算方法。因此,采用环境激励法进行立筒仓动力参数研究具有重要的理论意义和工程应用价值。环境激励法已广泛应用于大型建筑结构、桥梁结构和传输塔等结构中,将其应用于钢筋混凝土立筒仓结构中尚属首次。
本文在对国内外结构环境激励实验和模态参数识别方法进行分析总结的基础上,采用理论分析、数值模拟和实验相结合的方法,对不同支承方式和不同荷载工况下的钢筋混凝土立筒单仓和群仓的环境激励实验方案和动力参数识别方法进行了深入研究。完成的主要研究工作和成果总结如下:
1.钢筋混凝土立筒单仓和群仓的数值模拟研究。本文对四个模型仓和两个在役实仓进行了不同工况下的有限元模态分析。通过比较单仓和群仓的有限元模态分析结果,总结出了单仓和群仓模态各自的特点及差异。通过比较立筒仓不同工况下的有限元模态分析结果,研究了贮料对立筒仓模态的影响。
2.钢筋混凝土立筒仓的动力参数识别方法研究。分析研究了基于环境激励的结构模态参数识别的频域、时域和联合时频域方法,提出了改进的数据驱动随机子空间方法,并编制了该识别方法的计算程序,采用经典结构悬臂梁验证了算法的有效性和计算精度。
3.基于环境激励的钢筋混凝土立筒仓的测试技术研究。本文首先选取了柱支承、筒壁支承单仓和群仓模型进行环境激励实验,以获取所需模态振型为目标,重点研究了单仓和群仓模型的测点布置方案,之后进行了实际工作状态下的新密市超化煤仓和郑州市东郊粮库群仓的环境激励实验。
4.钢筋混凝土立筒仓各阶模态的获取与分析。本文首先利用有限元模态分析得到了立筒仓各阶模态的频率和振型,之后通过立筒仓的环境激励实验测试得到结构的加速度响应数据,利用峰值拾取法和本文提出的改进的数据驱动随机子空间方法进行了立筒仓的动力参数识别。将两种识别方法的计算结果进行了对比分析,并将识别结果与有限元模态分析结果进行了对比分析,验证了本文提出的模态参数识别方法的有效性,并为建立有效的立筒仓有限元分析模型提供了依据。
Reinforced concrete silos are widely used in various fields such as food, coal, structure and metallurgy engineerings, et. al, whereas, it’s well known that their damage problem under earthquake disaster is still very serious. Therefore, it is necessary that one has to determine the dynamic response of reinforced concrete silos by further theoretical and experimental research for the requirement of structure design, application and disaster prevention.
Currently, dynamic analysis of reinforced concrete silos is just involved in few literatures and no unified theories are available. For example, a simplified calculating method is given in the national standard“Seismic Assessment of Industrial Structures”for the frequency determination of single silo only, rather than the grouped silos, for the anti-seismic design. Among various dynamic analysis methods, the approach of ambient excitation has been successfully applied in engineering structures including huge buildings, bridges and transmission towers, and so on, while it hasn’t been extended to dynamic analysis of reinforced concrete silos. Hence, it’s interest to evaluate the dynamic parameters of silos using the ambient excitation method.
In the present thesis, on the basis of available structural experiments based on ambient excitation and modal parameters identification methods, the coupled scheme with theoretical derivation, numerical simulation and experiments are developed to investigate the dynamic response of single and grouped reinforced concrete silos for the cases of various supports and loads. The corresponding research works are summarized as follows:
1. Numerical simulation for reinforced concrete silos. In the present analysis, the finite element procedures of four silo models and two practical silos in service were separately established under different load cases. By comparison of numerical results of single silo and grouped silos, the dynamic behaviors of them are analyzed and the influence of granular materials on silos mode is investigated simultaneously.
2. Dynamic parameters identification method for reinforced concrete silos. The thesis respectively establishes dynamic parameter identification techniques in frequency domain, time domain and combined time-frequency domain with the ambient excitation method, and then an improved data-driven stochastic subspace method is proposed and programmed for the purpose of parameter identification. Subsequently, to validate the computational efficiency, stability and accuracy of the proposed approach, the dynamic vibration of classical cantilever beam is analyzed using the present procedure.
3. Experimental research for reinforced concrete silos based on ambient excitation. For the purpose of mode analysis, the single and grouped silos with specified column or wall supports are firstly tested with the specified ambient excitation and the related collocation scheme of sample points are investigated in detail. Next the practical bunkers in Chao Hua, Xin Mi City, and grouped silos in the eastern suburb, Zheng Zhou City, are tested using these procedures, respectively, for the acceleration data.
4. Modal identification and analysis for reinforced concrete silos. Once the frequencies and modes are obtained by finite element analysis, the ambient excitation test can be conducted to determine the acceleration of the silo structures, and then, the peak picking method and the developed improved data-driven stochastic subspace method are respectively employed to obtain associated dynamic parameters. The comparison of numerical results of these two methods shows the numerical stability, efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method. Simultaneously, the dynamic parameters obtained by modal identification technique are useful to further improve the established finite element model.
目前对于钢筋混凝土立筒仓动力计算问题的研究甚少,没有形成成熟的理论体系。对于立筒仓的抗震设计,在“工业构筑物抗震鉴定标准”中仅有单仓的频率简化计算方法,而没有相应规范和标准给出群仓的频率、振型和阻尼比的计算方法。因此,采用环境激励法进行立筒仓动力参数研究具有重要的理论意义和工程应用价值。环境激励法已广泛应用于大型建筑结构、桥梁结构和传输塔等结构中,将其应用于钢筋混凝土立筒仓结构中尚属首次。
本文在对国内外结构环境激励实验和模态参数识别方法进行分析总结的基础上,采用理论分析、数值模拟和实验相结合的方法,对不同支承方式和不同荷载工况下的钢筋混凝土立筒单仓和群仓的环境激励实验方案和动力参数识别方法进行了深入研究。完成的主要研究工作和成果总结如下:
1.钢筋混凝土立筒单仓和群仓的数值模拟研究。本文对四个模型仓和两个在役实仓进行了不同工况下的有限元模态分析。通过比较单仓和群仓的有限元模态分析结果,总结出了单仓和群仓模态各自的特点及差异。通过比较立筒仓不同工况下的有限元模态分析结果,研究了贮料对立筒仓模态的影响。
2.钢筋混凝土立筒仓的动力参数识别方法研究。分析研究了基于环境激励的结构模态参数识别的频域、时域和联合时频域方法,提出了改进的数据驱动随机子空间方法,并编制了该识别方法的计算程序,采用经典结构悬臂梁验证了算法的有效性和计算精度。
3.基于环境激励的钢筋混凝土立筒仓的测试技术研究。本文首先选取了柱支承、筒壁支承单仓和群仓模型进行环境激励实验,以获取所需模态振型为目标,重点研究了单仓和群仓模型的测点布置方案,之后进行了实际工作状态下的新密市超化煤仓和郑州市东郊粮库群仓的环境激励实验。
4.钢筋混凝土立筒仓各阶模态的获取与分析。本文首先利用有限元模态分析得到了立筒仓各阶模态的频率和振型,之后通过立筒仓的环境激励实验测试得到结构的加速度响应数据,利用峰值拾取法和本文提出的改进的数据驱动随机子空间方法进行了立筒仓的动力参数识别。将两种识别方法的计算结果进行了对比分析,并将识别结果与有限元模态分析结果进行了对比分析,验证了本文提出的模态参数识别方法的有效性,并为建立有效的立筒仓有限元分析模型提供了依据。
Reinforced concrete silos are widely used in various fields such as food, coal, structure and metallurgy engineerings, et. al, whereas, it’s well known that their damage problem under earthquake disaster is still very serious. Therefore, it is necessary that one has to determine the dynamic response of reinforced concrete silos by further theoretical and experimental research for the requirement of structure design, application and disaster prevention.
Currently, dynamic analysis of reinforced concrete silos is just involved in few literatures and no unified theories are available. For example, a simplified calculating method is given in the national standard“Seismic Assessment of Industrial Structures”for the frequency determination of single silo only, rather than the grouped silos, for the anti-seismic design. Among various dynamic analysis methods, the approach of ambient excitation has been successfully applied in engineering structures including huge buildings, bridges and transmission towers, and so on, while it hasn’t been extended to dynamic analysis of reinforced concrete silos. Hence, it’s interest to evaluate the dynamic parameters of silos using the ambient excitation method.
In the present thesis, on the basis of available structural experiments based on ambient excitation and modal parameters identification methods, the coupled scheme with theoretical derivation, numerical simulation and experiments are developed to investigate the dynamic response of single and grouped reinforced concrete silos for the cases of various supports and loads. The corresponding research works are summarized as follows:
1. Numerical simulation for reinforced concrete silos. In the present analysis, the finite element procedures of four silo models and two practical silos in service were separately established under different load cases. By comparison of numerical results of single silo and grouped silos, the dynamic behaviors of them are analyzed and the influence of granular materials on silos mode is investigated simultaneously.
2. Dynamic parameters identification method for reinforced concrete silos. The thesis respectively establishes dynamic parameter identification techniques in frequency domain, time domain and combined time-frequency domain with the ambient excitation method, and then an improved data-driven stochastic subspace method is proposed and programmed for the purpose of parameter identification. Subsequently, to validate the computational efficiency, stability and accuracy of the proposed approach, the dynamic vibration of classical cantilever beam is analyzed using the present procedure.
3. Experimental research for reinforced concrete silos based on ambient excitation. For the purpose of mode analysis, the single and grouped silos with specified column or wall supports are firstly tested with the specified ambient excitation and the related collocation scheme of sample points are investigated in detail. Next the practical bunkers in Chao Hua, Xin Mi City, and grouped silos in the eastern suburb, Zheng Zhou City, are tested using these procedures, respectively, for the acceleration data.
4. Modal identification and analysis for reinforced concrete silos. Once the frequencies and modes are obtained by finite element analysis, the ambient excitation test can be conducted to determine the acceleration of the silo structures, and then, the peak picking method and the developed improved data-driven stochastic subspace method are respectively employed to obtain associated dynamic parameters. The comparison of numerical results of these two methods shows the numerical stability, efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method. Simultaneously, the dynamic parameters obtained by modal identification technique are useful to further improve the established finite element model.
引文
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