人股骨皮质骨纵剖面在切向微动滑移区的摩擦学特性研究
|
摘要
鉴于车祸、外伤和老龄化社会的日益加剧,国内外需要进行关节置换的患者越来越多,并且呈现年轻化趋势。人工关节植入人体后,可能会由于与骨界面整合不佳导致植入体-骨界面微动松动,进而引发植入体失效。此外,在具有生命组织参与的摩擦界面中,由于环境腐蚀行为与生物学反应的存在,其摩擦磨损的内涵与过程将比传统摩擦变得更为复杂。因此,有必要深入开展骨及其植入体的摩擦学行为与机理的研究,探讨骨-植入体界面获得良好稳定性结合的临界条件,为新型防松动植入体的摩擦学设计提供理论依据。
本文在可控气氛卧式往复滑动摩擦磨损试验机上,采用球—平面接触模式,对人股骨皮质骨纵剖面在林格氏液和空气介质中的切向微动摩擦磨损行为进行了体外模拟试验。使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、激光共聚焦扫描显微镜(LCEM)、双模式轮廓仪(Nanomap 500DLS)、光学显微镜(OM)等表面分析测试设备,初步探索了人股骨皮质骨纵剖面的切向微动磨损机制。
本文取得的主要结果如下：
1、在林格氏液介质工况下,在10000次循环之前,随着循环次数增加,人股骨皮质骨纵剖面的摩擦系数呈现波动,但未出现显著增大趋势；10000次循环之后,随着循环次数增加,皮质骨表面的摩擦系数显著增大。
2、随着循环次数增加,人股骨皮质骨纵剖面的磨损宽度与深度均显著增大,磨损形貌从明显的犁削效应逐渐转变为大块剥落。
3、人股骨皮质骨纵剖面在林格氏液介质和干摩擦两种工况下呈现出相似的磨损机制,其中,干摩擦工况下人股骨皮质骨纵剖面磨损表面的磨屑较多。
With traffic accidents, traumas, and aging society coming, there are more and more people needing to receive joint replacement treatments, moreover, which proves a lower -age tendency. After the joint replacement surgery, poor osseointegration of bone-implant interface could result in the fretting loosening. Furthermore, body fluid plays an important role in the tribological behaviors of joint friction pairs, which would cause those friction and wear process more complex in comparison with engineering friction pairs. Understanding the tribological behaviors of human bone and joint prostheses would help design new artificial joint with excellent resistance against lessening.
The tangential fretting friction and wear behaviors of human femur cortical bone have been tested under ball-on-flat contact using a reciprocating apparatus. All the tests were conducted under dry condition and under the lubrication of Ringer's solution. Various analyses by using microhardness tester, profilometer, optical microscopy, laser confocal scanning microscopy (LCSM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), have been performed. Main conclusions are drawn as follows:
1. Under the lubrication of Ringer's solution, the friction coefficient of cortical bone fluctuated but did not increase obviously before 10 000 cycles as the number of cycles increased. After 10 000 cycles, the friction coefficient of cortical bone increases significantly with the number of cycles.
3. The wear width and depth of cortical bone increased with the number of cycles under the lubrication of Ringer's solution. Moreover, the wear morphology changed gradually from significantly ploughing effect into bulk delamination.
4. The cortical bone exhibited similar wear mechanism under the lubrication of Ringer's solution and under dry condition. More wear particles were observed on the worn surface of cortical bone under the dry condition than under the lubrication of Ringer's solution.
本文在可控气氛卧式往复滑动摩擦磨损试验机上,采用球—平面接触模式,对人股骨皮质骨纵剖面在林格氏液和空气介质中的切向微动摩擦磨损行为进行了体外模拟试验。使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、激光共聚焦扫描显微镜(LCEM)、双模式轮廓仪(Nanomap 500DLS)、光学显微镜(OM)等表面分析测试设备,初步探索了人股骨皮质骨纵剖面的切向微动磨损机制。
本文取得的主要结果如下：
1、在林格氏液介质工况下,在10000次循环之前,随着循环次数增加,人股骨皮质骨纵剖面的摩擦系数呈现波动,但未出现显著增大趋势；10000次循环之后,随着循环次数增加,皮质骨表面的摩擦系数显著增大。
2、随着循环次数增加,人股骨皮质骨纵剖面的磨损宽度与深度均显著增大,磨损形貌从明显的犁削效应逐渐转变为大块剥落。
3、人股骨皮质骨纵剖面在林格氏液介质和干摩擦两种工况下呈现出相似的磨损机制,其中,干摩擦工况下人股骨皮质骨纵剖面磨损表面的磨屑较多。
With traffic accidents, traumas, and aging society coming, there are more and more people needing to receive joint replacement treatments, moreover, which proves a lower -age tendency. After the joint replacement surgery, poor osseointegration of bone-implant interface could result in the fretting loosening. Furthermore, body fluid plays an important role in the tribological behaviors of joint friction pairs, which would cause those friction and wear process more complex in comparison with engineering friction pairs. Understanding the tribological behaviors of human bone and joint prostheses would help design new artificial joint with excellent resistance against lessening.
The tangential fretting friction and wear behaviors of human femur cortical bone have been tested under ball-on-flat contact using a reciprocating apparatus. All the tests were conducted under dry condition and under the lubrication of Ringer's solution. Various analyses by using microhardness tester, profilometer, optical microscopy, laser confocal scanning microscopy (LCSM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), have been performed. Main conclusions are drawn as follows:
1. Under the lubrication of Ringer's solution, the friction coefficient of cortical bone fluctuated but did not increase obviously before 10 000 cycles as the number of cycles increased. After 10 000 cycles, the friction coefficient of cortical bone increases significantly with the number of cycles.
3. The wear width and depth of cortical bone increased with the number of cycles under the lubrication of Ringer's solution. Moreover, the wear morphology changed gradually from significantly ploughing effect into bulk delamination.
4. The cortical bone exhibited similar wear mechanism under the lubrication of Ringer's solution and under dry condition. More wear particles were observed on the worn surface of cortical bone under the dry condition than under the lubrication of Ringer's solution.
引文
[1]温诗铸,黄平.摩擦学原理(第三版)[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2008
[2]张嗣伟.摩擦学是节能、降耗、减排的重要手段[M].表面工程咨讯,2007,21(6)：1-3
[3]Fisher J. Biomedical Application. CRC Press IIe,2001
[4]周仲荣.摩擦学发展前沿[M].北京：科学出版社,2006
[5]王成焘等.人体生物摩擦学[M].科学出版社.2008.
[6]Zhou Z R and Vincent L., Effect of external loading on wear maps of aluminium alloys, Wear,1993,162-164:619-623.
[7]周仲荣,L. Vincent微动磨损[M].北京：科学出版社,2002
[8]Jia. Yu, zhenbing Cai, Minha Zhu, Shuxin Qu, Zhongrong Zhou, Study on tensional fretting behavior of UHMWPE. Applied surface science,2008(225):616-618.
[9]蔡振兵,朱旻昊,俞佳,周仲荣.扭动微动的模拟与试验研究,摩擦学学报,2008(1)：18-22
[10]莫继良,廖正军,朱旻昊,周仲荣.转动微动的模拟与试验研究,中国机械工程,2009,20(6)：631-634
[11]Z R Zhou, S R Gu, L. Vincent, An investigation of fretting wear for two aluminium alloys;[J]. Tribology International,1997(30):1-7
[12]Vingsbo O, Soderberg S. On fretting maps. Wear,1988,126:131-1471
[13]Z R Zhou, S. Fayeulle, L. Vincent. Cracking behavior of various aluminium alloys during fretting Wear [J]. Wear 1992,155:317-330.
[14]朱曼昊,周仲荣.关于复合式微动的研究,摩擦学学报,2001,21(3)
[15]M. H. Zhu, Z. R. Zhou. Dual-motion fretting wear behavior of 7075 aluminium alloy. Wear,255(1-6),2003:269-275.
[16]M. H. Zhu, Z. R. Zhou, Ph. Kapsa, L. Vincent, An experimental investigation on composite fretting mode, Tribology International, Vol.34,2001,733-738
[17]朱旻昊,周惠娣,陈建敏,周仲荣.二硫化钼粘接固体润滑涂层的径向和切向微动损伤的比较研究.摩擦学学报,2002,22(1)：14-18
[18]M. H. Zhu, Z. R. Zhou, The damage mechanisms under different fretting modes of bonded molybdenum disulfide coating, Material Science Forum, Vols.475-479, 2005,1545-1550.
[19]朱旻昊,周仲荣.关于复合式微动的研究,摩擦学学报,2001,21(3)：182-186
[20]M. H. Zhu, H. Y Yu, Z. B. Cai and Z. R. Zhou. Radial fretting behaviours of dental fe-ldspathic ceramics against different counterbodies. Wear 259(7-12),2005:996-1004
[21]朱旻昊,周仲荣.7075铝合金复合微动行为的研究,摩擦学学报,2003,23(4)：320-325
[22]朱旻昊,李政,周仲荣.低碳钢的复合微动磨损特性研究,材料工程,2004,257(10)：
[23]李政,朱旻昊,周仲荣.60Si2Mn钢复合微动磨损行为的研究,机械工程学报,2005,41(1)：203-207
[24]尹其翔,沈铁城.人工髋关节生物力学研究进展江苏大学学报(医版)2008年1月第18卷第1期.
[25]于海洋,江晓禹,周仲荣.过盈量对植入体与骨接触压力的影响.机械工程学报
[26]M arco V,Roberto M,M arek B,et al. L arge-sliding contactelements to accurately p-
[27]redict levels of bone-implantm icromo-tion relevant to osseointegration[J]. Journal of Biomechanics,2000,33:161121 618.
[28]Goodacre C J,Kan J Y K, Rungcharassaeng K. Clinical comp- lication of osseoin-tegrated implants [J]. J P rosthet Dent,1999,81:5372552
[29]S. C. Cowin骨的力学性能Mechanics of structural media 151-184
[30]权慧欣1,于海洋1,2,蔡振兵2,朱旻昊2.人体皮质骨/纯钛接触副径向微动损伤研究.润滑与密封,Sep12007,Vol132 No19
[31]于海洋,蔡振兵.人股骨皮质骨轴面微动摩擦磨损特性研究.
[32]D. Dowson, History of Tribology, Professional EngineeringPublishing,Lit, London, UK 1998
[33]Davim JP, Marques N. Dynamical experimental study of friction and wear behaviour of bovine cancellous bone sliding against a metallic counterface in a water lubricated environment. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY .152 (2004)389-394.
[34]S. Terry Canale坎贝尔骨科手术学[M].卢世壁,译.9版.济南：山东科学技术出版社,2001：294-295.
[35]Halley DK, Glassman AH. Twenty to twenty2six year ra2 diographicreview in patients 50 years of age or younger with cemented Charnley low friction arthroplasty [J]. J Arthroplasty,2003,18 (10):79-85.
[36]50Growninshield R D. Ananalysis of femoral component stem design in total hip arthoplasty. J Bone Joint Surg (Am),1980,62:68
[37]林剑浩、吕厚山、寇伯龙.股骨头假体置换术后假体周围骨量的观察.中华骨科杂志,1995(15),8：494
[38]沈惠良,雍宜民.我国人工关节技术的进步、思考与展望.中华创伤杂志.2005.11第21卷11期.
[39]刘伯亮.髋关节生物力学及其临床意义.河南医药1984年第四卷第六期.
[40]V. Chandrasekarana,*,W. L. Sauerb,A. M. Taylora,D. W. Hoeppnera. Evaluation of the fretting corrosion behavior of the proximal pad taper of a modular hip design
[41]王以进骨的生物力学及其临床意义中华外科杂志1982
[42]刘家浚.材料磨损原理及其耐磨性.清华大学出版社,北京,1993
[43]American society for testing and materials. ASTM[M] F 1404
[44]J. Vernon Luck Orthopedic Research Center, Los Angeles, USA. The lexicon of polyethylene wear in artificial joints[J]. Biomaterials.28 (2007) 5049-5057
[45]Nadim James Hallab, Carlo Messina, Anastasia Skipor, Joshua J. Jacobs. Differences in the fretting corrosion of metal-metal and ceramicmetal modular junctions of total hipreplacements [J]. Journal of Orthopaedic Research 22 (2004) 250-259
[46]Matthew L. Mroczkowski, Justin S. Hertzler, Steven M. HumphreyTodd Johnson, Ch-eryl R. Blanchard. Effect of Impact Assembly on the Fretting Corrosion of Modula Hip Tapers[J]. JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH
[47]Laure Duisabeau, Pierre Combrade, Bernard Forest. Environm-ental effect on fretting of metallic material for orthopaedi-c implants. Wear 256 (2004) 805-816
[48]M. Karanjaia,, B. V. Manoj Kumarb, R. Sundaresana,B. Basub, T. R. Rama Mohanc, B. PKashyapc. Fretting wear study on Ti-Ca-P biocomposite in dry and simulated body fluid[J]. Materials Science and Engineering A 475 (2008) 299-307
[49]Bruno Tritschler, Bernard Forest, Jean Rieu. Fretting corrosi on of materials for oropaedic implants:a study ofa metal/polymer contact in an artificial physiological medium [J]. Tribology International 32 (1999) 587-596
[50]Jean Geringera,Bernard Foresta,Pierre Combradeb FretTing-corro-sion of materials used as orthopaedic implants[J]. Wear 259 (2005) 943-951
[51]C. Henrique da Silva, A. Sinatora. Development of severity parameter for wear study of thermoplastics. wear 263(2007) 957-964.
[52]C. J. Schwartz, S. Bahadur. Investgation of articular cartilage and counterface compliance in multi-directional sliding as in prthopedic implants. Wear 262(2007)331-339.
[53]Shirong Ge, Shibo Wang, Norm Gitis, et al. Wear behavior and wear Debris distributeion of UHMWPE against Si3N4 ball in bi-directional silding. Wear. 264(2008):571-578.
[54]蔡振兵.扭动微动磨损机理研究.博士研究生学位论文.西南交通大学.184-187.
[2]张嗣伟.摩擦学是节能、降耗、减排的重要手段[M].表面工程咨讯,2007,21(6)：1-3
[3]Fisher J. Biomedical Application. CRC Press IIe,2001
[4]周仲荣.摩擦学发展前沿[M].北京：科学出版社,2006
[5]王成焘等.人体生物摩擦学[M].科学出版社.2008.
[6]Zhou Z R and Vincent L., Effect of external loading on wear maps of aluminium alloys, Wear,1993,162-164:619-623.
[7]周仲荣,L. Vincent微动磨损[M].北京：科学出版社,2002
[8]Jia. Yu, zhenbing Cai, Minha Zhu, Shuxin Qu, Zhongrong Zhou, Study on tensional fretting behavior of UHMWPE. Applied surface science,2008(225):616-618.
[9]蔡振兵,朱旻昊,俞佳,周仲荣.扭动微动的模拟与试验研究,摩擦学学报,2008(1)：18-22
[10]莫继良,廖正军,朱旻昊,周仲荣.转动微动的模拟与试验研究,中国机械工程,2009,20(6)：631-634
[11]Z R Zhou, S R Gu, L. Vincent, An investigation of fretting wear for two aluminium alloys;[J]. Tribology International,1997(30):1-7
[12]Vingsbo O, Soderberg S. On fretting maps. Wear,1988,126:131-1471
[13]Z R Zhou, S. Fayeulle, L. Vincent. Cracking behavior of various aluminium alloys during fretting Wear [J]. Wear 1992,155:317-330.
[14]朱曼昊,周仲荣.关于复合式微动的研究,摩擦学学报,2001,21(3)
[15]M. H. Zhu, Z. R. Zhou. Dual-motion fretting wear behavior of 7075 aluminium alloy. Wear,255(1-6),2003:269-275.
[16]M. H. Zhu, Z. R. Zhou, Ph. Kapsa, L. Vincent, An experimental investigation on composite fretting mode, Tribology International, Vol.34,2001,733-738
[17]朱旻昊,周惠娣,陈建敏,周仲荣.二硫化钼粘接固体润滑涂层的径向和切向微动损伤的比较研究.摩擦学学报,2002,22(1)：14-18
[18]M. H. Zhu, Z. R. Zhou, The damage mechanisms under different fretting modes of bonded molybdenum disulfide coating, Material Science Forum, Vols.475-479, 2005,1545-1550.
[19]朱旻昊,周仲荣.关于复合式微动的研究,摩擦学学报,2001,21(3)：182-186
[20]M. H. Zhu, H. Y Yu, Z. B. Cai and Z. R. Zhou. Radial fretting behaviours of dental fe-ldspathic ceramics against different counterbodies. Wear 259(7-12),2005:996-1004
[21]朱旻昊,周仲荣.7075铝合金复合微动行为的研究,摩擦学学报,2003,23(4)：320-325
[22]朱旻昊,李政,周仲荣.低碳钢的复合微动磨损特性研究,材料工程,2004,257(10)：
[23]李政,朱旻昊,周仲荣.60Si2Mn钢复合微动磨损行为的研究,机械工程学报,2005,41(1)：203-207
[24]尹其翔,沈铁城.人工髋关节生物力学研究进展江苏大学学报(医版)2008年1月第18卷第1期.
[25]于海洋,江晓禹,周仲荣.过盈量对植入体与骨接触压力的影响.机械工程学报
[26]M arco V,Roberto M,M arek B,et al. L arge-sliding contactelements to accurately p-
[27]redict levels of bone-implantm icromo-tion relevant to osseointegration[J]. Journal of Biomechanics,2000,33:161121 618.
[28]Goodacre C J,Kan J Y K, Rungcharassaeng K. Clinical comp- lication of osseoin-tegrated implants [J]. J P rosthet Dent,1999,81:5372552
[29]S. C. Cowin骨的力学性能Mechanics of structural media 151-184
[30]权慧欣1,于海洋1,2,蔡振兵2,朱旻昊2.人体皮质骨/纯钛接触副径向微动损伤研究.润滑与密封,Sep12007,Vol132 No19
[31]于海洋,蔡振兵.人股骨皮质骨轴面微动摩擦磨损特性研究.
[32]D. Dowson, History of Tribology, Professional EngineeringPublishing,Lit, London, UK 1998
[33]Davim JP, Marques N. Dynamical experimental study of friction and wear behaviour of bovine cancellous bone sliding against a metallic counterface in a water lubricated environment. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY .152 (2004)389-394.
[34]S. Terry Canale坎贝尔骨科手术学[M].卢世壁,译.9版.济南：山东科学技术出版社,2001：294-295.
[35]Halley DK, Glassman AH. Twenty to twenty2six year ra2 diographicreview in patients 50 years of age or younger with cemented Charnley low friction arthroplasty [J]. J Arthroplasty,2003,18 (10):79-85.
[36]50Growninshield R D. Ananalysis of femoral component stem design in total hip arthoplasty. J Bone Joint Surg (Am),1980,62:68
[37]林剑浩、吕厚山、寇伯龙.股骨头假体置换术后假体周围骨量的观察.中华骨科杂志,1995(15),8：494
[38]沈惠良,雍宜民.我国人工关节技术的进步、思考与展望.中华创伤杂志.2005.11第21卷11期.
[39]刘伯亮.髋关节生物力学及其临床意义.河南医药1984年第四卷第六期.
[40]V. Chandrasekarana,*,W. L. Sauerb,A. M. Taylora,D. W. Hoeppnera. Evaluation of the fretting corrosion behavior of the proximal pad taper of a modular hip design
[41]王以进骨的生物力学及其临床意义中华外科杂志1982
[42]刘家浚.材料磨损原理及其耐磨性.清华大学出版社,北京,1993
[43]American society for testing and materials. ASTM[M] F 1404
[44]J. Vernon Luck Orthopedic Research Center, Los Angeles, USA. The lexicon of polyethylene wear in artificial joints[J]. Biomaterials.28 (2007) 5049-5057
[45]Nadim James Hallab, Carlo Messina, Anastasia Skipor, Joshua J. Jacobs. Differences in the fretting corrosion of metal-metal and ceramicmetal modular junctions of total hipreplacements [J]. Journal of Orthopaedic Research 22 (2004) 250-259
[46]Matthew L. Mroczkowski, Justin S. Hertzler, Steven M. HumphreyTodd Johnson, Ch-eryl R. Blanchard. Effect of Impact Assembly on the Fretting Corrosion of Modula Hip Tapers[J]. JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH
[47]Laure Duisabeau, Pierre Combrade, Bernard Forest. Environm-ental effect on fretting of metallic material for orthopaedi-c implants. Wear 256 (2004) 805-816
[48]M. Karanjaia,, B. V. Manoj Kumarb, R. Sundaresana,B. Basub, T. R. Rama Mohanc, B. PKashyapc. Fretting wear study on Ti-Ca-P biocomposite in dry and simulated body fluid[J]. Materials Science and Engineering A 475 (2008) 299-307
[49]Bruno Tritschler, Bernard Forest, Jean Rieu. Fretting corrosi on of materials for oropaedic implants:a study ofa metal/polymer contact in an artificial physiological medium [J]. Tribology International 32 (1999) 587-596
[50]Jean Geringera,Bernard Foresta,Pierre Combradeb FretTing-corro-sion of materials used as orthopaedic implants[J]. Wear 259 (2005) 943-951
[51]C. Henrique da Silva, A. Sinatora. Development of severity parameter for wear study of thermoplastics. wear 263(2007) 957-964.
[52]C. J. Schwartz, S. Bahadur. Investgation of articular cartilage and counterface compliance in multi-directional sliding as in prthopedic implants. Wear 262(2007)331-339.
[53]Shirong Ge, Shibo Wang, Norm Gitis, et al. Wear behavior and wear Debris distributeion of UHMWPE against Si3N4 ball in bi-directional silding. Wear. 264(2008):571-578.
[54]蔡振兵.扭动微动磨损机理研究.博士研究生学位论文.西南交通大学.184-187.