1m口径光电经纬仪关键部件优化设计与仿真分析研究
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摘要
为了适应现代靶场测量技术的发展，光电经纬仪逐渐向大口径、高分辨力、高跟踪精度和高指向精度的方向发展。显然，大口径经纬仪带来了如下问题：结构过于庞大、复杂；自身转动惯量大，导致伺服跟踪性能下降；大口径主反射镜的精密支撑问题；大口径经纬仪主系统温度适应性，等等。为了满足结构刚度和稳定性要求，保证系统精度的同时减少结构质量，需要借助有限元法对经纬仪的关键部件进行结构优化设计，并对全系统进行动、静态响应分析和热分析，使系统结构得到比较全面的优化。
概述了国内外大口径光电探测系统的发展，介绍了国内外光电探测系统有限元分析的发展现状。详细解释了有限元技术的概念和理论基础，总结了优化设计的基础理论，重点阐述了拓扑优化的原理。
以某1m口径光电经纬仪为研究对象，以提高结构刚度质量比为目的，对四通、转台、基座等关键结构部件进行结构优化设计，重点进行保刚度的轻量化设计。首先详细研究各部件的工作特点及与其他部件的连接关系，分别建立各部件合理的有限元模型，借助连续体拓扑优化获得部件的最优材料拓扑，在此基础上采用桁架结构构建轻量化模型，然后对结构重要参数做尺寸优化设计，最后对优化设计后的结构进行有限元分析验证。
对主反射镜支撑技术进行研究，总结了主反射镜支撑结构设计的原则和镜面面型评价方法。分析了现有轴向和径向支撑结构的局限性，提出了适用于1m口径主反射镜的改进的主镜复合支撑方案，重点研究新的主镜轴向和径向支撑结构，并对主镜径向支撑和轴向支撑的相关参数进行优化设计。
在对部分结构进行简化后，建立经纬仪全系统的有限元模型。对经纬仪进行系统级静力学分析，讨论了系统在工作状态下的变形和应力情况，计算在不同重力方向和静态风载作用下的主、次镜离焦和偏移情况。接着对经纬仪进行系统级动力学分析，包括模态分析、动态风载分析等。
研究了经纬仪主镜在轴向和径向温差作用下的热变形。分析了经纬仪主系统所处的热环境，计算了主系统的温度场，进而对经纬仪的光学系统和机械系统进行热-结构耦合分析，讨论了温度场作用下主系统的性能表现。
In order to satisfy the requirments of modern range measuring technology,photoelectric theodolite gradually develops towards large aperture, high-resolution,high tracking accuracy and high pointing accuracy. Clearly, large aperture theodolitebrought the following issues: the structure is too large and complex; servo trackingperformance decrease because the structure’s moment of inertia is large; lightweightdesign of large aperture primary mirror and the supporting means of primary andsecondary mirror; temperature adaptability of large aperture theodolite system, andso on. In order to meet the requirements of structural stiffness and stability, andensure system accuracy while reducing structural mass, it is need to optimize the keycomponents of theodolite using the finite element method. Besides, dynamic andstatic response analysis and thermal analysis is also indispensable for the wholesystem, so that the system structure can be comprehensive optimized.
The development of the domestic and international large capture photoelectricdetection system is summarized. Current development of the finite element analysisfor photoelectric detection system at home and on board is introduced. The concept,theoretical basis and analysis method of finite element technique is explained indetail. Also, the theoretical basis of optimization design, especially topologyoptimization design, is summarized.
Taking a1m aperture photoelectric theodolite as study object, its key componentsincluding four-way, turntable and base are structural optimized so as to improvestructural rigidity while reducing structural mass. First various components’ workingcharacteristics and relationships with the other parts are studied, based on these,reasonable finite element model of these components are established, then eachcomponent’s optimal material topology are obtained by continuum topologyoptimization. According to structural topology, lightweight truss structure modelsare constructed and the models’ key parameters are optimized in size. Finally, thestructures optimized are verified by finite element analysis.
The basic theories of supporting primary mirror are studied. Design principle ofsupporting structure and method evaluating surface figure pricision are summedup. The disadvantages of existing axial and radial supporting structures are analyzedand improved composite supporting system including new axial and radialsupporting structures for1m aperture primary mirror are presented. Besides, therelevant parameters for radial and axial supporting structures are optimized.
After simplified some structures, finite element model of whole theodolite areestablished. System-level static analysises for the whole theodolite are made,including studying object’s deformation and stress in working condition, the primaryand secondary mirrors in defocus and offset under gravity in various direction andstatic wind loads. Then system-level dynamic analysises for the whole theodolite aremade, including mode analysis, dynamic wind load analysis, random vibrationresponse analysis when theodolite is on truck and ship.
When radial and axial temperature differences are existing, the deformation ofprimary morror is studied. Thermal environment of theodolite are analyzed, thentemperature field of main optical and mechanical system are calculated. Based onthese, the thermal structural coupling analysis is made for optical and mechanicalsystem, and we can obtain the main system’s optical performance when loaded bytemperature field mentioned above.
概述了国内外大口径光电探测系统的发展，介绍了国内外光电探测系统有限元分析的发展现状。详细解释了有限元技术的概念和理论基础，总结了优化设计的基础理论，重点阐述了拓扑优化的原理。
以某1m口径光电经纬仪为研究对象，以提高结构刚度质量比为目的，对四通、转台、基座等关键结构部件进行结构优化设计，重点进行保刚度的轻量化设计。首先详细研究各部件的工作特点及与其他部件的连接关系，分别建立各部件合理的有限元模型，借助连续体拓扑优化获得部件的最优材料拓扑，在此基础上采用桁架结构构建轻量化模型，然后对结构重要参数做尺寸优化设计，最后对优化设计后的结构进行有限元分析验证。
对主反射镜支撑技术进行研究，总结了主反射镜支撑结构设计的原则和镜面面型评价方法。分析了现有轴向和径向支撑结构的局限性，提出了适用于1m口径主反射镜的改进的主镜复合支撑方案，重点研究新的主镜轴向和径向支撑结构，并对主镜径向支撑和轴向支撑的相关参数进行优化设计。
在对部分结构进行简化后，建立经纬仪全系统的有限元模型。对经纬仪进行系统级静力学分析，讨论了系统在工作状态下的变形和应力情况，计算在不同重力方向和静态风载作用下的主、次镜离焦和偏移情况。接着对经纬仪进行系统级动力学分析，包括模态分析、动态风载分析等。
研究了经纬仪主镜在轴向和径向温差作用下的热变形。分析了经纬仪主系统所处的热环境，计算了主系统的温度场，进而对经纬仪的光学系统和机械系统进行热-结构耦合分析，讨论了温度场作用下主系统的性能表现。
In order to satisfy the requirments of modern range measuring technology,photoelectric theodolite gradually develops towards large aperture, high-resolution,high tracking accuracy and high pointing accuracy. Clearly, large aperture theodolitebrought the following issues: the structure is too large and complex; servo trackingperformance decrease because the structure’s moment of inertia is large; lightweightdesign of large aperture primary mirror and the supporting means of primary andsecondary mirror; temperature adaptability of large aperture theodolite system, andso on. In order to meet the requirements of structural stiffness and stability, andensure system accuracy while reducing structural mass, it is need to optimize the keycomponents of theodolite using the finite element method. Besides, dynamic andstatic response analysis and thermal analysis is also indispensable for the wholesystem, so that the system structure can be comprehensive optimized.
The development of the domestic and international large capture photoelectricdetection system is summarized. Current development of the finite element analysisfor photoelectric detection system at home and on board is introduced. The concept,theoretical basis and analysis method of finite element technique is explained indetail. Also, the theoretical basis of optimization design, especially topologyoptimization design, is summarized.
Taking a1m aperture photoelectric theodolite as study object, its key componentsincluding four-way, turntable and base are structural optimized so as to improvestructural rigidity while reducing structural mass. First various components’ workingcharacteristics and relationships with the other parts are studied, based on these,reasonable finite element model of these components are established, then eachcomponent’s optimal material topology are obtained by continuum topologyoptimization. According to structural topology, lightweight truss structure modelsare constructed and the models’ key parameters are optimized in size. Finally, thestructures optimized are verified by finite element analysis.
The basic theories of supporting primary mirror are studied. Design principle ofsupporting structure and method evaluating surface figure pricision are summedup. The disadvantages of existing axial and radial supporting structures are analyzedand improved composite supporting system including new axial and radialsupporting structures for1m aperture primary mirror are presented. Besides, therelevant parameters for radial and axial supporting structures are optimized.
After simplified some structures, finite element model of whole theodolite areestablished. System-level static analysises for the whole theodolite are made,including studying object’s deformation and stress in working condition, the primaryand secondary mirrors in defocus and offset under gravity in various direction andstatic wind loads. Then system-level dynamic analysises for the whole theodolite aremade, including mode analysis, dynamic wind load analysis, random vibrationresponse analysis when theodolite is on truck and ship.
When radial and axial temperature differences are existing, the deformation ofprimary morror is studied. Thermal environment of theodolite are analyzed, thentemperature field of main optical and mechanical system are calculated. Based onthese, the thermal structural coupling analysis is made for optical and mechanicalsystem, and we can obtain the main system’s optical performance when loaded bytemperature field mentioned above.
引文
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