电机最优效率直接转矩/力控制
|
摘要
交流电机控制技术发展至今，已经在逐步取代传统的直流调速技术，在国民经济的各个领域得到广泛的应用。数字化、智能化、集成化是现代交流电机调速控制的主要方向。而在电机控制技术方面，直接转矩控制作为近年来新发展起来的一种电机控制方法，已显示巨大的优越性，具有控制思想直接、反应快速、受电机参数影响小的优点，成为目前研究的热点。
本文通过对电机损耗的分析，建立了考虑铁损时异步电机的数学模型，推导出电机的损耗和转子磁链的关系，通过坐标旋转变换，得出损耗最小时的直接转矩控制的定子磁链参考值。通过仿真及对比，改进的系统提高了效率。
参照旋转异步电机最优效率的直接转矩控制思想，本文对感应直线电机最优效率直接力控制进行了分析和研究。通过建立损耗和定子磁链的关系，得出损耗最小时定子磁链的值，从而实现损耗最小直线电机的直接力控制，在输入功率保持不变的条件下，电机的运行效率最优。
本文还对实验的硬件平台进行了初步的构建和调试。
With the continuous study of AC drives , the technology has been improved greatly, which has already taken the place of DC drives gradually and is applied to numerous fields. Today, AC drives are developed in the way to digital, intelligent, integrated system. Since DTC has been developed for nearly 20 years as a AC drive technology, it has become the most popular technology in the field of AC drive for its advantages of direct control, short adjusting time and unsensitive with the motor parameters.
A transient mathematical model of the asynchronous motor is built taking core loss into account to improve the torque performance . A method is proposed to minimize the total loss according to the relation between the efficiency and the rotor flux . A DTC system using this method appear high efficiency in matlab-simulation.
The same idea is used to the line induction motor . A method is proposed to minimize the loss by finding the relation between the efficiency and the stator flux . Through simulation , we can find that this method give a higher efficiency.
Also some work is done to the hardware.
本文通过对电机损耗的分析，建立了考虑铁损时异步电机的数学模型，推导出电机的损耗和转子磁链的关系，通过坐标旋转变换，得出损耗最小时的直接转矩控制的定子磁链参考值。通过仿真及对比，改进的系统提高了效率。
参照旋转异步电机最优效率的直接转矩控制思想，本文对感应直线电机最优效率直接力控制进行了分析和研究。通过建立损耗和定子磁链的关系，得出损耗最小时定子磁链的值，从而实现损耗最小直线电机的直接力控制，在输入功率保持不变的条件下，电机的运行效率最优。
本文还对实验的硬件平台进行了初步的构建和调试。
With the continuous study of AC drives , the technology has been improved greatly, which has already taken the place of DC drives gradually and is applied to numerous fields. Today, AC drives are developed in the way to digital, intelligent, integrated system. Since DTC has been developed for nearly 20 years as a AC drive technology, it has become the most popular technology in the field of AC drive for its advantages of direct control, short adjusting time and unsensitive with the motor parameters.
A transient mathematical model of the asynchronous motor is built taking core loss into account to improve the torque performance . A method is proposed to minimize the total loss according to the relation between the efficiency and the rotor flux . A DTC system using this method appear high efficiency in matlab-simulation.
The same idea is used to the line induction motor . A method is proposed to minimize the loss by finding the relation between the efficiency and the stator flux . Through simulation , we can find that this method give a higher efficiency.
Also some work is done to the hardware.
引文
[1] 曹承志等 MATLAB 软件包中 SIMULINK 环境下直接转矩控制系统的仿真，电机与控制学报，2001．6，5，2
[2] 宋凌峰，崔树梅．电动车最大效率控制下转子磁通变化的研究．微电机，1999(1)．
[3] 李夙，异步电动机直接转矩控制，北京：机械工业出版社，1999．5
[4] Mendes, e.; Tijerina-Araiza, A. Experimental comparison between field oriented control and passivity based control of induction motors. ISIE'97,(1)
[5] Jun-koo Kang, Seung-Ki Sul, New Direct Torque Control of Induction Motor for Minimum Torque Ripple and Constant Switching Frequency, IEEE Trans on IA, Vol.35,Sep/Oet1999.
[6] Hao Yun Zhong, Henry P. Messinger, and Muhammand H. Rashad, A New Microcomputer-Based Direct Torque Control System for Three-Phase Induction Motor, IEEE Trans on IA, Vol.27,No.2, Mar/Apr 1991
[7] Kouki Matsuse, Tatsuya Yoshizumi, ect. High-Response Flux Control of Direct-Field-Oriented Induction Motor with High Efficiency Taking Core Loss into Account, IEEE Trans on IA, Vol.35,No. 1,Jan/Feb 1999.
[8] Yanhong Xue, Xingyi Xu, etc, A stator flux_oriented voltage source variable speed drive based on DC link measurement, IEEE Trans on Ind. Appl,1991,27(5):962-969
[9] Joachim. Fetz, etc. High efficiency induction motor drive with good dynamics performance for electric vechicles, Evs 12,1995
[10] Sayeed A. Mir, M. E. Elbuluk. etc, Fuzzy implementation of direct self control of induction machine, IEEE Trans on Ind.Appl. 1994,30(3)
[11] Y. Xue, X. X u, T. G. Habetler, and D. M. Divan, Astatorflux-oriented voltage source variable-speed drive based on dc link measurement, IEEE Trans. Ind, Applicat, vol.27,Oct. 1992
[12] Murai Y, Ohashi K, etc. New PWM method for fully digitized inverters, IEEE Trans on Ind.Appl, 1987,23(5):887-893
[13] T. G. Habetler, F. Profumo, M. Pastorelli, and L. M. Tolbert, Direct torque control of induction machines using space vector modulation, IEEE Trans. Ind. Applicat, vol. 28, Oct. 1992
[14] R. D. Lorenz. AC induction servo sizing for motion control applications via loss minimizing real-time flux control, IEEE/IAS Anuual Meeting Conference, 1989.
[15] Mir, S.; Elbuluk, M. E.; Zinger, D. S. PI and fuzzy estimators for tuning the stator resistance in direct torque control of induction machine, PESC'94 Record. 1994(1):744～751
[16] Hsin-Jang Shieh; Kuo-Kai Shyu. Nonlinear sliding-mode torque control with adaptive backstepping approach for induction motor drive, IEEE Trans on Ind. Elec,1999,46(2):380～389
[17] Monti, A.; Pironi, E; Sartogo, E; Vas, P. A new state observer for sensorless DTC
control, Seventh International Conference on Power Electronic and Variable Speed Drives,1998,311～217
[18] Grabowski,P. Z.; Blaabjerg, F. Direct torque neuro-fuzzy control of induction motor drive, IECON'98.1998,(2):657～661
[19] Cabrera, luis A.; Elbuluk, Malik E.; Zinger, Donald S. Learning technique to train neural networks as a state selector for inverter-fed induction machines using direct torque control, IEEE Trans on Pow. Elect, 1997,12(5):788～799
[20] Sheng-Ming Yang, Member, IEEE and Feng-Chieh Lin, Loss-Minimization Control of Vector-Controlled Induction Motor Drives, IEEE Trans on Ind. Elec, 1999,46(2):390～404
[21] 陈伯时，陈敏逊．交流调速系统．北京：机械工业出版社，1998．4
[22] 上海工业大学，上海电机厂编．直线异步电动机．北京：机械工业出版社，1979．4
[23] [日]山田一，直线电机及其应用技术．湖南：湖南科学技术出版社，1978．9
[24] 吴峻．交流电机的转矩控制及电动车驱动技术的研究，湖南：国防科大博士论文，2000．10
[26] 邓启文，电机的变频调速控制技术，湖南：国防科大硕士论文，2002．3
[27] Chakrabarti, S. Ramamoorty, M. Kanetkar, V. R., Reduction of torque ripple in direct control of induction motor drivers using vector modulation pulse width modulation, Power Electronics and Drive Systems, 1997. Proceedings., 1997 International Conference, 1997(1)117～121
[28] Chapuis, Y. A.; Pelisson, C.; Roye, D. Direct torque control of induction machine under square ware condition, IAS'95 1995(1) 342～349
[29] Takahashi, I.; Noguchi, T. Take a look back upon the past decade of direct torque control, IECON'97, 1997(2),546～551
[31] Habetler, T. G.; Profumo, F.; Pastorelli, M.; Tolbert, L. M. Direct torque control of induction machines using space vector modulation, IASAM' 91, Record 1991 (1) 428～436
[32] Kirschen D. S., Novotny D. W. and Lipo T. A., Optimal Effciency Control of an Induction Current Source Inverter Fed Induction Motor, Proceedings of the IEEE-PESC, pp486-493,1986
[33] Cleland J., MacCormick V. and Wayne Turner M., Design of an Effcieney Optimization Controler for Inverter-Fed ac Induction Motors, Conference Record of the IEEE IAS Annual Meeting, pp 16-12, 1995
[34] Gilberto C. D. S., Bimal K. B. and John G. C., Fuzzy Logic Based On-Line Efficiency Optimization Control of an Indirect Vector-Controller Induction Motor Drive, IEEE Trans. On IE, Vol.42, pp192-198, 1995.
[35] Tadashi Yamaguchi, Yoshihiro Kawase, Makoto Yoshida, 3-D Finite Element Analysis of a Linear Induction Motor, IEEE Trans on Magnetics, Vol. 37,No. 5, sep.2001
[36] D. Roy, A. Fujiyoshi, S. Yamada, M. Iwahara, Field Distribution of a Flux-Concerntration Type Linear Induction Motor, IEEE Trans on Magnetics, Vol. 37, No.4, july.2001
[37] Bubae Kang, Junha Kim, and Kwanghee Nam, Parameter Estimation of a Linear
Induction Motor with PWM Inverter, IECON'01:The 27th Annual Conference of the IEEE Incustrial Electronics Society
[38] Ludvik Kumin, Gorazd Stumberger, Drago Dolinar, Karel Jezernik, Modeling and Control Design of a Linear Induction Motor, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Smetanova 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
[39] Giovanni BUCCI, Carmine LANDI, A Model Based Measurement Technique Applied to Linear Induction Motors, IEEE Trans on Ind. Elec, 1999,46(2)
[40] Jeong-hyoun Sung and Kwanghee Nam , A New Approach to Vector Control for a Linear Induction Motor Considering End Effects , IEEE Trans on IA,1993,46(2) :380-389
[41] Byung-ll Kwon , Kyung-ll Sol Kim , Finite Element Analysis of Direct Thrust-Controlled Linear Induction Motor, IEEE Trans on Magnetics , Vol.35 , No.3 , May 1999
[42] 叶云岳 直线电机原理与应用，机械工业出版社 2000． 6
[2] 宋凌峰，崔树梅．电动车最大效率控制下转子磁通变化的研究．微电机，1999(1)．
[3] 李夙，异步电动机直接转矩控制，北京：机械工业出版社，1999．5
[4] Mendes, e.; Tijerina-Araiza, A. Experimental comparison between field oriented control and passivity based control of induction motors. ISIE'97,(1)
[5] Jun-koo Kang, Seung-Ki Sul, New Direct Torque Control of Induction Motor for Minimum Torque Ripple and Constant Switching Frequency, IEEE Trans on IA, Vol.35,Sep/Oet1999.
[6] Hao Yun Zhong, Henry P. Messinger, and Muhammand H. Rashad, A New Microcomputer-Based Direct Torque Control System for Three-Phase Induction Motor, IEEE Trans on IA, Vol.27,No.2, Mar/Apr 1991
[7] Kouki Matsuse, Tatsuya Yoshizumi, ect. High-Response Flux Control of Direct-Field-Oriented Induction Motor with High Efficiency Taking Core Loss into Account, IEEE Trans on IA, Vol.35,No. 1,Jan/Feb 1999.
[8] Yanhong Xue, Xingyi Xu, etc, A stator flux_oriented voltage source variable speed drive based on DC link measurement, IEEE Trans on Ind. Appl,1991,27(5):962-969
[9] Joachim. Fetz, etc. High efficiency induction motor drive with good dynamics performance for electric vechicles, Evs 12,1995
[10] Sayeed A. Mir, M. E. Elbuluk. etc, Fuzzy implementation of direct self control of induction machine, IEEE Trans on Ind.Appl. 1994,30(3)
[11] Y. Xue, X. X u, T. G. Habetler, and D. M. Divan, Astatorflux-oriented voltage source variable-speed drive based on dc link measurement, IEEE Trans. Ind, Applicat, vol.27,Oct. 1992
[12] Murai Y, Ohashi K, etc. New PWM method for fully digitized inverters, IEEE Trans on Ind.Appl, 1987,23(5):887-893
[13] T. G. Habetler, F. Profumo, M. Pastorelli, and L. M. Tolbert, Direct torque control of induction machines using space vector modulation, IEEE Trans. Ind. Applicat, vol. 28, Oct. 1992
[14] R. D. Lorenz. AC induction servo sizing for motion control applications via loss minimizing real-time flux control, IEEE/IAS Anuual Meeting Conference, 1989.
[15] Mir, S.; Elbuluk, M. E.; Zinger, D. S. PI and fuzzy estimators for tuning the stator resistance in direct torque control of induction machine, PESC'94 Record. 1994(1):744～751
[16] Hsin-Jang Shieh; Kuo-Kai Shyu. Nonlinear sliding-mode torque control with adaptive backstepping approach for induction motor drive, IEEE Trans on Ind. Elec,1999,46(2):380～389
[17] Monti, A.; Pironi, E; Sartogo, E; Vas, P. A new state observer for sensorless DTC
control, Seventh International Conference on Power Electronic and Variable Speed Drives,1998,311～217
[18] Grabowski,P. Z.; Blaabjerg, F. Direct torque neuro-fuzzy control of induction motor drive, IECON'98.1998,(2):657～661
[19] Cabrera, luis A.; Elbuluk, Malik E.; Zinger, Donald S. Learning technique to train neural networks as a state selector for inverter-fed induction machines using direct torque control, IEEE Trans on Pow. Elect, 1997,12(5):788～799
[20] Sheng-Ming Yang, Member, IEEE and Feng-Chieh Lin, Loss-Minimization Control of Vector-Controlled Induction Motor Drives, IEEE Trans on Ind. Elec, 1999,46(2):390～404
[21] 陈伯时，陈敏逊．交流调速系统．北京：机械工业出版社，1998．4
[22] 上海工业大学，上海电机厂编．直线异步电动机．北京：机械工业出版社，1979．4
[23] [日]山田一，直线电机及其应用技术．湖南：湖南科学技术出版社，1978．9
[24] 吴峻．交流电机的转矩控制及电动车驱动技术的研究，湖南：国防科大博士论文，2000．10
[26] 邓启文，电机的变频调速控制技术，湖南：国防科大硕士论文，2002．3
[27] Chakrabarti, S. Ramamoorty, M. Kanetkar, V. R., Reduction of torque ripple in direct control of induction motor drivers using vector modulation pulse width modulation, Power Electronics and Drive Systems, 1997. Proceedings., 1997 International Conference, 1997(1)117～121
[28] Chapuis, Y. A.; Pelisson, C.; Roye, D. Direct torque control of induction machine under square ware condition, IAS'95 1995(1) 342～349
[29] Takahashi, I.; Noguchi, T. Take a look back upon the past decade of direct torque control, IECON'97, 1997(2),546～551
[31] Habetler, T. G.; Profumo, F.; Pastorelli, M.; Tolbert, L. M. Direct torque control of induction machines using space vector modulation, IASAM' 91, Record 1991 (1) 428～436
[32] Kirschen D. S., Novotny D. W. and Lipo T. A., Optimal Effciency Control of an Induction Current Source Inverter Fed Induction Motor, Proceedings of the IEEE-PESC, pp486-493,1986
[33] Cleland J., MacCormick V. and Wayne Turner M., Design of an Effcieney Optimization Controler for Inverter-Fed ac Induction Motors, Conference Record of the IEEE IAS Annual Meeting, pp 16-12, 1995
[34] Gilberto C. D. S., Bimal K. B. and John G. C., Fuzzy Logic Based On-Line Efficiency Optimization Control of an Indirect Vector-Controller Induction Motor Drive, IEEE Trans. On IE, Vol.42, pp192-198, 1995.
[35] Tadashi Yamaguchi, Yoshihiro Kawase, Makoto Yoshida, 3-D Finite Element Analysis of a Linear Induction Motor, IEEE Trans on Magnetics, Vol. 37,No. 5, sep.2001
[36] D. Roy, A. Fujiyoshi, S. Yamada, M. Iwahara, Field Distribution of a Flux-Concerntration Type Linear Induction Motor, IEEE Trans on Magnetics, Vol. 37, No.4, july.2001
[37] Bubae Kang, Junha Kim, and Kwanghee Nam, Parameter Estimation of a Linear
Induction Motor with PWM Inverter, IECON'01:The 27th Annual Conference of the IEEE Incustrial Electronics Society
[38] Ludvik Kumin, Gorazd Stumberger, Drago Dolinar, Karel Jezernik, Modeling and Control Design of a Linear Induction Motor, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Smetanova 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
[39] Giovanni BUCCI, Carmine LANDI, A Model Based Measurement Technique Applied to Linear Induction Motors, IEEE Trans on Ind. Elec, 1999,46(2)
[40] Jeong-hyoun Sung and Kwanghee Nam , A New Approach to Vector Control for a Linear Induction Motor Considering End Effects , IEEE Trans on IA,1993,46(2) :380-389
[41] Byung-ll Kwon , Kyung-ll Sol Kim , Finite Element Analysis of Direct Thrust-Controlled Linear Induction Motor, IEEE Trans on Magnetics , Vol.35 , No.3 , May 1999
[42] 叶云岳 直线电机原理与应用，机械工业出版社 2000． 6