中国商业银行个人住房贷款风险管理研究
摘要
随着中国经济的快速发展,中国房地产市场化、货币化的程度不断加深,大力发展个人住房贷款已经成为中国房地产市场的催化剂,也是人们提高水平的重要手段。各家商业银行都加大了对个人住房贷款支持力度,一项公开资料显示,截至2002年1月,建行自营性个人住房贷款余额达到3485亿元。但发展中也将面临风险,尤其是92、93年我国房地产泡沫以及亚洲金融危机以后,人们对金融风险认识的更加清楚,如何防范个人住房贷款风险已经成为人们关注的焦点。在此背景下,在学习和借鉴前人研究成果基础上,结合自己的研究形成本文。
本论文重点分为四部分:
首先,文章对个人住房贷款进行比较系统的解释和分析,使人们对个人住房贷款种类、还款放贷方式等基本内容有清楚的认识。同时,该部分重点回顾了我国个人住房贷款发展的历程,总结了发展过程中存在的问题和不足,深入地研究了我国现阶段个人住房贷款发展的现状与问题。
其次,在对个人住房贷款有比较清楚的认识基础上,该部分从贷款者个人、房地产开发商、房地产产权以及银行自身管理等多个方面对商业银行个人住房贷款存在的风险进行了清楚的分析。
再次,本文以美国作为典型案例,分析了发达国家个人住房贷款风险防范和控制的先进经验,主要从国外风险防范外部措施和内部措施进行分析,借鉴国外风险防范先进经验为我所用。
最后,在个人住房贷款风险充分分析的基础上,本部分提出进行个人信用评估、建立社会信用体系、实施个人住房证券化、加强商业内部管理等政策建议,以此来防范和控制个人住房贷款风险。
总之,在借鉴国外个人住房贷款风险管理先进经验基础上,联系中国个人住房贷款业务发展实际情况,文章从风险管理、风险转移、风险监管以及风险预警等四个方面建立中国商业银行个人住房贷款风险防范和控制体系。同时,本文认为,要防范和控制风险,个人信用体系建立是平台和基础,商业银行产权改革是前提。在此之上,国家要积极推动和发展贷款证券化、银行要加强自身的微观管理,积极发展和建立房地产二级市场,建立起一个多层次的风险防护网,保证中国商业银行个人住房贷款业务健康持续发展。
As China's economy is developed fast, Chinese real estate mercerization , monetary degree are in constant intensification, develop catalyst that personal housing loan has already become the Chinese real estate market in a more cost-effective manner, it is the important means that people improve the standard too, every commercial bank has devoted more efforts to supporting the personal housing loan, one open materials show up to will it be January 2002 , Construction Bank self-operation personal house loan balance reach 348,500 million, add nearly 480 billion Yuan of housing loan of common reserve funds. But will face the risk in development, especially 92, and after Asian financial crisis in the foam of real estate of our country in 1993, people clear to whom financial risks know how take precautions against personal home mortgage risk already become the focus that people have paid close attention to, so, this thesis is under this background , on the basis of studying and drawing lessons from forefathers' research results, it is gentle to combine one's own research shape cost.This thesis is divided into three parts especially:First of all, the overall explanation and analysis that the article compares personal housing loan, make people personal housing loan kind, refund person who puts credit side basic content have clear understanding, meanwhile, this part reviewed the course of development of personal housing loan of our country especially, have analyzed the current situation of personal housing loan development of the present stage of our country.Secondly, on the basis of understanding that the personal housing loan is clearer, this part is from the loan individual, real estate deposit to commercial bank housing loan not personal developer , real estate property right and bank management not one's own ,etc. a lot of respect in risk analyze clearly going on.Finally, after the risk fully appears, originally propose carrying on the personal credit assessment, establishing the system of social credit, implementing the securitizations of personal house, strengthening such policy recommendations as commercial inside management, etc. partly, so as to take precautions against and control the risk of the personal housing loan.
In a word, on the basis of studying the risk management advanced experience of the foreign personal housing loan, fully contacting China's personal actual conditions, this text thinks, should control and take precautions against the risk of personal housing loan of Chinese commercial bank, it is the platform and foundation that the personal credit system is set up. the property right reform of commercial bank is the prerequisite, here, the country should actively promote and develop the securitizations of the loan, bank to strengthen one's own micro management, set up a multi-level risk and protect the network, guarantee the health sustainable development of personal housing loan of our country.
本论文重点分为四部分:
首先,文章对个人住房贷款进行比较系统的解释和分析,使人们对个人住房贷款种类、还款放贷方式等基本内容有清楚的认识。同时,该部分重点回顾了我国个人住房贷款发展的历程,总结了发展过程中存在的问题和不足,深入地研究了我国现阶段个人住房贷款发展的现状与问题。
其次,在对个人住房贷款有比较清楚的认识基础上,该部分从贷款者个人、房地产开发商、房地产产权以及银行自身管理等多个方面对商业银行个人住房贷款存在的风险进行了清楚的分析。
再次,本文以美国作为典型案例,分析了发达国家个人住房贷款风险防范和控制的先进经验,主要从国外风险防范外部措施和内部措施进行分析,借鉴国外风险防范先进经验为我所用。
最后,在个人住房贷款风险充分分析的基础上,本部分提出进行个人信用评估、建立社会信用体系、实施个人住房证券化、加强商业内部管理等政策建议,以此来防范和控制个人住房贷款风险。
总之,在借鉴国外个人住房贷款风险管理先进经验基础上,联系中国个人住房贷款业务发展实际情况,文章从风险管理、风险转移、风险监管以及风险预警等四个方面建立中国商业银行个人住房贷款风险防范和控制体系。同时,本文认为,要防范和控制风险,个人信用体系建立是平台和基础,商业银行产权改革是前提。在此之上,国家要积极推动和发展贷款证券化、银行要加强自身的微观管理,积极发展和建立房地产二级市场,建立起一个多层次的风险防护网,保证中国商业银行个人住房贷款业务健康持续发展。
As China's economy is developed fast, Chinese real estate mercerization , monetary degree are in constant intensification, develop catalyst that personal housing loan has already become the Chinese real estate market in a more cost-effective manner, it is the important means that people improve the standard too, every commercial bank has devoted more efforts to supporting the personal housing loan, one open materials show up to will it be January 2002 , Construction Bank self-operation personal house loan balance reach 348,500 million, add nearly 480 billion Yuan of housing loan of common reserve funds. But will face the risk in development, especially 92, and after Asian financial crisis in the foam of real estate of our country in 1993, people clear to whom financial risks know how take precautions against personal home mortgage risk already become the focus that people have paid close attention to, so, this thesis is under this background , on the basis of studying and drawing lessons from forefathers' research results, it is gentle to combine one's own research shape cost.This thesis is divided into three parts especially:First of all, the overall explanation and analysis that the article compares personal housing loan, make people personal housing loan kind, refund person who puts credit side basic content have clear understanding, meanwhile, this part reviewed the course of development of personal housing loan of our country especially, have analyzed the current situation of personal housing loan development of the present stage of our country.Secondly, on the basis of understanding that the personal housing loan is clearer, this part is from the loan individual, real estate deposit to commercial bank housing loan not personal developer , real estate property right and bank management not one's own ,etc. a lot of respect in risk analyze clearly going on.Finally, after the risk fully appears, originally propose carrying on the personal credit assessment, establishing the system of social credit, implementing the securitizations of personal house, strengthening such policy recommendations as commercial inside management, etc. partly, so as to take precautions against and control the risk of the personal housing loan.
In a word, on the basis of studying the risk management advanced experience of the foreign personal housing loan, fully contacting China's personal actual conditions, this text thinks, should control and take precautions against the risk of personal housing loan of Chinese commercial bank, it is the platform and foundation that the personal credit system is set up. the property right reform of commercial bank is the prerequisite, here, the country should actively promote and develop the securitizations of the loan, bank to strengthen one's own micro management, set up a multi-level risk and protect the network, guarantee the health sustainable development of personal housing loan of our country.
引文
[1] 秦维宪,房地产泡沫警示录[M],探索与争鸣,2003(3).
[2] 彼得S.罗斯,商业银行管理[M],刘园译,北京:机械工业出版社,2001.
[3] 四大银行确定放贷执行利率,跨行转按揭不划算,http://finance.sina.com.cn 2005年03月23日.
[4] 中国人民银行,中国住宅金融报告[M],北京:中信出版社,2003.
[5] 约瑟夫.F.辛基,商业银行财务管理(中译本),中国金融出版社 2001
[6] 王福林等,国外个人住房抵押贷款风险研究新进展及我国的启示[J],中国房地产金融,2003(8).
[7] 余丽鹏,行为金融学对经济现象的透析[J],管理科学文摘,2002(1)
[8] 汪利娜.中国推行抵押贷款证券化的理性思考及制度安排[J],中国房地产金融,2002(9).
[9] 凌常峰,张红.个人住房按揭贷款提前偿付风险问题研究,中国房地产金融 2002(10).
[10] 侯新华,田策,住房抵押贷款保险研究[J],中国房地产金融 2002(11)
[11] 丁磊,异地购房者引发个人住房贷款问题探析[J],中国房地产金融 2002(9).
[12] 吴国栋,浅析个人住房抵押贷款中的道德风险[J],中国房地产金融 2002(10).
[13] 张毅,个人住房贷款特性分析[J],中国房地产金融,2003(4).
[14] 吴志勇.住房贷款还款方式的比较[J],中国房地产金融,2003(9).
[15] 孟晓苏,中国房地产业发展理论与政策研究[M],北京:中国金融出版社,1999.
[16] 袁志刚、樊潇彦,房地产市场理性泡沫分析[J],经济研究,2003(3).
[17] 庞建新,我国房地产市场发展中问题[J],经济,2004年(10).
[18] 中国人民银行货币政策分析小组,中国货币政策执行报告[M],北京:中国金融出版社.
[19] 国家信息中心、中国价格学会,2002:《经济形势瞭望》(半月刊),第20期.
[20] 刘水杏,房地产业与相关产业关联度的国际比较[J],财贸经济,2004(4).
[21] 孙执中,资产定价泡沫对经济的影响[J],经济研究,2001(2).
[22] 中国经济周刊,2005年01月.
[23] 谢东旭,不良贷款的原因分析与对策[J],中国房地产金融,2004(10)
[24] 谢东海、吴梅等,住房抵押贷款提前还贷违约金的国际比较[J],国际金融研究,2003(6).
[25] 张东,论住房抵押贷款终止偿付型理性违约[J],中南财经政法大学学报,2003(5).
[26] 韩继云,我国房地产信贷风险剖析及防范策略[J],宏观经济管理,2003(8).
[27] 年度大盘点:2004年影响北京地产的100个数字[J],安家,2005(1).
[28] 陈平、向长江,房地产业诚信机制的构建[J],南方房地产,2003(8).
[29] 王廷惠,《日本泡沫经济新论》,北京:人民出版社,2002.
[30] 戴园晨,股市泡沫生成机理以及由大辩论引发的深层思考[J],经济研究,2001(4).
[31] 我国房地产贷款存在大量的不良资产,中国金融网,2005年2月2号
[32] 宫薏义一,《泡沫经济的经济对象-复合萧条论》[M],陆华生译,中国人民大学出版社,2000年.
[33] 厉以宁等,《经济全球化与西部大开发-兼论西方经济学的新发展》[M],北京:北京大学出版社,2000.
Personal housing loan;Risk;Management
[2] 彼得S.罗斯,商业银行管理[M],刘园译,北京:机械工业出版社,2001.
[3] 四大银行确定放贷执行利率,跨行转按揭不划算,http://finance.sina.com.cn 2005年03月23日.
[4] 中国人民银行,中国住宅金融报告[M],北京:中信出版社,2003.
[5] 约瑟夫.F.辛基,商业银行财务管理(中译本),中国金融出版社 2001
[6] 王福林等,国外个人住房抵押贷款风险研究新进展及我国的启示[J],中国房地产金融,2003(8).
[7] 余丽鹏,行为金融学对经济现象的透析[J],管理科学文摘,2002(1)
[8] 汪利娜.中国推行抵押贷款证券化的理性思考及制度安排[J],中国房地产金融,2002(9).
[9] 凌常峰,张红.个人住房按揭贷款提前偿付风险问题研究,中国房地产金融 2002(10).
[10] 侯新华,田策,住房抵押贷款保险研究[J],中国房地产金融 2002(11)
[11] 丁磊,异地购房者引发个人住房贷款问题探析[J],中国房地产金融 2002(9).
[12] 吴国栋,浅析个人住房抵押贷款中的道德风险[J],中国房地产金融 2002(10).
[13] 张毅,个人住房贷款特性分析[J],中国房地产金融,2003(4).
[14] 吴志勇.住房贷款还款方式的比较[J],中国房地产金融,2003(9).
[15] 孟晓苏,中国房地产业发展理论与政策研究[M],北京:中国金融出版社,1999.
[16] 袁志刚、樊潇彦,房地产市场理性泡沫分析[J],经济研究,2003(3).
[17] 庞建新,我国房地产市场发展中问题[J],经济,2004年(10).
[18] 中国人民银行货币政策分析小组,中国货币政策执行报告[M],北京:中国金融出版社.
[19] 国家信息中心、中国价格学会,2002:《经济形势瞭望》(半月刊),第20期.
[20] 刘水杏,房地产业与相关产业关联度的国际比较[J],财贸经济,2004(4).
[21] 孙执中,资产定价泡沫对经济的影响[J],经济研究,2001(2).
[22] 中国经济周刊,2005年01月.
[23] 谢东旭,不良贷款的原因分析与对策[J],中国房地产金融,2004(10)
[24] 谢东海、吴梅等,住房抵押贷款提前还贷违约金的国际比较[J],国际金融研究,2003(6).
[25] 张东,论住房抵押贷款终止偿付型理性违约[J],中南财经政法大学学报,2003(5).
[26] 韩继云,我国房地产信贷风险剖析及防范策略[J],宏观经济管理,2003(8).
[27] 年度大盘点:2004年影响北京地产的100个数字[J],安家,2005(1).
[28] 陈平、向长江,房地产业诚信机制的构建[J],南方房地产,2003(8).
[29] 王廷惠,《日本泡沫经济新论》,北京:人民出版社,2002.
[30] 戴园晨,股市泡沫生成机理以及由大辩论引发的深层思考[J],经济研究,2001(4).
[31] 我国房地产贷款存在大量的不良资产,中国金融网,2005年2月2号
[32] 宫薏义一,《泡沫经济的经济对象-复合萧条论》[M],陆华生译,中国人民大学出版社,2000年.
[33] 厉以宁等,《经济全球化与西部大开发-兼论西方经济学的新发展》[M],北京:北京大学出版社,2000.
Personal housing loan;Risk;Management