光纤传感在瓦斯检测中的应用研究
|
摘要
随着煤炭工业的发展,瓦斯事故越来越来成为制约煤矿安全的重要因素,瓦斯传感器对监测监控起着决定作用,因此研制开放安全可靠、高灵敏度的瓦斯传感系统具有重大的社会和经济意义。对目前具有广泛应用前景的光纤瓦斯气体传感器进行了研究,光纤气体传感器比传统传感器有无可比拟的优点,本论文旨在设计光纤甲烷气体传感系统以实时、可靠的检测瓦斯气体的浓度。
本论文进行瓦斯浓度测量是基于比尔-朗伯(Beer-Lambert)定律,但是直接运用此原理进行测量,由于气体比较微弱,气体吸收较小,加上光源不稳定、光源和探测器等与光纤耦合的损耗,系统固有噪声等对检测灵敏度有很大影响,致使检测效果非常的不理想。为此,我们寻找解决这些问题的方法,本文就这些问题进行分析和研究,并在现有实验条件的基础上设计处合理的使用的光纤瓦斯传感系统,并运用LabVIEW软件平台进行直观显示。
利用分子光谱理论对气体近红外选择性吸收的理论分析,给出了气体吸收测量的理论依据。并确定了甲烷气体的吸收谱线,找出适合普通石英光纤进行较长距离低损耗传输的光谱特性。
根据比尔-朗伯(Beer-Lambert)定律,直接检测气体时,信号中不仅有光路干扰,还有很大部分与浓度无关,信号难以放大,检测灵敏度受到限制,差分吸收检测和谐波检测是气体吸收检测的两种基本方法。根据光源不同,系统设计有较大不同,本文给出了几种设计方案。
但由于实验条件限制,本实验采用SLD产生的宽带光源,通过光纤Bragg光栅和压电陶瓷对其进行波长调制,获得窄带出射光,从而实现瓦斯气体浓度的高灵敏度测量。系统软件采用LabVIEW软件,对数据进行采集和处理,用软件代替了复杂的硬件电路,简化了设计。得到的瓦斯浓度能够在图形界面上显示,并进行保存。
图43表3参48
Along with the coal industry development, the gas accident more and more becomes to an important factor restricting the coal mine safety. The gas sensor plays very important role of monitoring, therefore it is significant to develop safe reliable, the high sensitivity gas sensing system. It has the great society and the economical significance. The optical fiber gas sensor has found a wide range of applicants by virtue of its various technical merits. The goal of the paper lies in designing the optical fiber methane gas sensing system to examine gas density real-time and reliably.
After analyzing the theory of near-infrared selective absorption of gas, we describe the academic base of the measurement of the gas by absorption theory. The absorption spectra of methane are confirmed and the spectrum characteristic, which is fit for low-loss optical fiber to transmit a long way, is also discussed.
When the gas is examined directly according to Lambert-beer law, there is not only light route interference, but also no relationship between content and density. Then the signal is very difficult to amplify, and measurement sensitivity is strictly limited. Difference absorption measurement and wavelength modulation harmonic measurement are two fundamental approaches for gas light absorption detection. For different light resource, system designs have great differences. This paper gives several design plans.
As a result of experimental condition limit, this paper adopts SLD light source forming ordinary light emitting diode to get narrow band light source through wavelength modulation by Bragg grating and piezoelectric ceramic. It realizes high sensitivity examination of gas density. The software of system adopts LabVIEW software to gather and analyze the data. That simplifies the design by software instead of hardware. The gas density can be displayed in user-friendly interface and saved.
本论文进行瓦斯浓度测量是基于比尔-朗伯(Beer-Lambert)定律,但是直接运用此原理进行测量,由于气体比较微弱,气体吸收较小,加上光源不稳定、光源和探测器等与光纤耦合的损耗,系统固有噪声等对检测灵敏度有很大影响,致使检测效果非常的不理想。为此,我们寻找解决这些问题的方法,本文就这些问题进行分析和研究,并在现有实验条件的基础上设计处合理的使用的光纤瓦斯传感系统,并运用LabVIEW软件平台进行直观显示。
利用分子光谱理论对气体近红外选择性吸收的理论分析,给出了气体吸收测量的理论依据。并确定了甲烷气体的吸收谱线,找出适合普通石英光纤进行较长距离低损耗传输的光谱特性。
根据比尔-朗伯(Beer-Lambert)定律,直接检测气体时,信号中不仅有光路干扰,还有很大部分与浓度无关,信号难以放大,检测灵敏度受到限制,差分吸收检测和谐波检测是气体吸收检测的两种基本方法。根据光源不同,系统设计有较大不同,本文给出了几种设计方案。
但由于实验条件限制,本实验采用SLD产生的宽带光源,通过光纤Bragg光栅和压电陶瓷对其进行波长调制,获得窄带出射光,从而实现瓦斯气体浓度的高灵敏度测量。系统软件采用LabVIEW软件,对数据进行采集和处理,用软件代替了复杂的硬件电路,简化了设计。得到的瓦斯浓度能够在图形界面上显示,并进行保存。
图43表3参48
Along with the coal industry development, the gas accident more and more becomes to an important factor restricting the coal mine safety. The gas sensor plays very important role of monitoring, therefore it is significant to develop safe reliable, the high sensitivity gas sensing system. It has the great society and the economical significance. The optical fiber gas sensor has found a wide range of applicants by virtue of its various technical merits. The goal of the paper lies in designing the optical fiber methane gas sensing system to examine gas density real-time and reliably.
After analyzing the theory of near-infrared selective absorption of gas, we describe the academic base of the measurement of the gas by absorption theory. The absorption spectra of methane are confirmed and the spectrum characteristic, which is fit for low-loss optical fiber to transmit a long way, is also discussed.
When the gas is examined directly according to Lambert-beer law, there is not only light route interference, but also no relationship between content and density. Then the signal is very difficult to amplify, and measurement sensitivity is strictly limited. Difference absorption measurement and wavelength modulation harmonic measurement are two fundamental approaches for gas light absorption detection. For different light resource, system designs have great differences. This paper gives several design plans.
As a result of experimental condition limit, this paper adopts SLD light source forming ordinary light emitting diode to get narrow band light source through wavelength modulation by Bragg grating and piezoelectric ceramic. It realizes high sensitivity examination of gas density. The software of system adopts LabVIEW software to gather and analyze the data. That simplifies the design by software instead of hardware. The gas density can be displayed in user-friendly interface and saved.
引文
[1]王海宝,吴光杰,谭泽富,聂祥飞.LABVIEW虚拟程序设计与应用.第1版.西安:西安交通大学出版社,2005:1-180
[2]王汝林.矿井瓦斯传感器的近现代研究方法及方向.煤矿自动化,1998(1):16-18
[3]周孟然,刘文清.利用激光吸收光谱法测量煤矿瓦斯气体的研究.2004,24(3):162-164
[4]徐恕宏.传感器原理及设计基础.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1989:169-170
[5]刘崇进.气体传感器的发展概况和发展方向.计算机自动测量与控制,1999,7(2):54-56
[6]K.Chan,H.Ito,H.Inaba.10km-Long Fiber-Optic Remote Sensing of CH_4 Gas by Near Infrared Absorption.Applied Physics B,1985,(38):11-15
[7]周孟然,汪世美.差分光学吸收光谱法精确测量煤矿瓦斯浓度.2004,32(3):1-3
[8]王玉田,刘瑾,张景超等.基于谐波检测技术的光纤甲烷气体传感器的研究.测控技术,2003,22(11):19-21
[9]刘卫东,刘延冰,刘建国.检测微弱光信号的PIN光电检测电路的设计.电测与仪表,1999,(4):28-30
[10]王清正,胡俞,林崇杰.光电探测技术.北京:电子工业出版社,1989:67-69
[11]陈丕智.光敏感器件及其应用.北京:科学出版社,1987:35-46
[12]K.Chan,H.Ito,H.Inaba.Absorption Measurement ofv_2+2v_3 Band of CH_4 at 1.33μm Using an InGaAsP Light Emitting Diode.Applied Optics,1983,22(33):3802-3804
[13]S.D.Bomse,C.A.Stanton,A.J.Silver.Frequency Modulation and Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopies:Comparison of Experimental Methods Using a Lead-salt Diode Laser.Applied Optics,1992,31(6):718-730
[14]I.Linnerud,P.Kaspersen,T.Jaeger.Gas Monitoring in the Process Industry Using Diode Laser Spectroscopy.Appl.Phys B,1998,(67):297-305
[15]张临杰,肖连团,李昌勇等.利用数字锁相放大器进行谐波探测的实验 研究.激光与红外,2000,30(5):311-313
[16]W.Jin,G.Stewart,B.Culshaw.Absorption Measurement of Methane Gas with a Broadband Light Source and Interferometric Signal Processing.Optics Letters,1993,18(6):1364-1366
[17]黄永清,刘凯,郭威等.采用压电陶瓷的电调谐光纤光栅器件.北京邮电大学学报,1999,22(2):11-15
[18]尚丽平,张淑清,史锦珊.光纤光栅传感器的现状与发展.燕山大学学报,2001,25(2):139-143
[19]曾庆勇.微弱信号检测.第2版.杭州:浙江大学出版社,1994:47-66
[20]戴逸松.微弱信号检测方法及仪器.北京:国防工业出版社,1994:207
[21]黄婷.基于LabVIEW的生物医学信号采集处理系统的设计.长春理工大学硕士学位论文.2006:40-57
[22]孙红鸽.智能型光纤瓦斯传感器技术研究.辽宁工程技术大学硕士学位论文.2006:54-61
[23]闫晓梅,张记龙,张志伟,徐振峰.基于虚拟仪器的瓦斯浓度检测系统.中北大学学报,2006,27(1):71-74
[24]来德锋,盛玉霞.基于LabVIEW的频谱分析仪设计.现代计算机.2006,247(11):94-96
[25]兰波,陈春俊,舒丽芬.LabVIEW在虚拟仪器远程数据采集系统中的应用.中国测试技术,2006,32(6):112-114
[26]王玉田,郭增军,王莉田.用LED作光源的Fabry-Perot光纤甲烷气体传感器的研究.计量学报,2002,23(4):307-310
[27]Kersey A D.Multiplexed Fiber Bragg Gratings Strain-sensor System with a Fiber Fabry-Perot Wave length Filter[J].Optics Letters.1993,18(16):13-70
[28]王玉田,郭增军,王莉田等.投射式光纤甲烷气体传感器的研究.传感技术学报,2001,14(2):147-151
[29]孟宗.光谱吸收式变压器油中乙炔气体浓度测量仪的研究.燕山大学工学硕士论文.2003:52-53
[30]靳伟,廖延彪,张志鹏.导波光学传感器原理与技术.北京:科学出版社,1998:254-255
[31]范世福,陈莉,肖松山等.光纤化学传感器及其发展状况.光学仪器,1999,21(1):37-44
[32]陆婉珍,袁洪福.近代近红外光谱分析技术.北京:中国石化出版社,2000:14-20
[33]杨旭东,刘行景,杨兴瑶.实用电子电路精选.北京:北京化学工业出版社.1999
[34]张永胜,刘爱萍,郁可.布拉格光纤光栅反射特性及制作的理论研究.激光技术,1998,(6):367-370
[35]孙英志,柏葆华,钱颖.光纤光栅耦合模反射和透射功率的研究.长春邮电学院学报,1998,(4):6-10
[36]郭威,刘凯,黄永清.应力作用下光纤光栅Bragg波长调谐特性的研究.光电子激光,2000,(1):23-25
[37]聂晓华.光纤瓦斯传感器电路的设计和实现.山东矿业学院工学硕士论文,1999:1-2
[38]王玉田,刘瑾,杨海马.光纤光栅调制式光纤甲烷气体传感器的研究[J].传感技术学报,2003,9(3):324-327
[39](加)G.赫兹堡著;王鼎昌译.分子光谱与分子结构.北京:科学出版社,1983:7-109
[40](美)Gary W.Johnson,Richard Jennings著;武嘉澍,陆劲昆译.LabVIEW 图形编程[M].第1版.北京:北京大学出版社.2002
[41]郭会军,赵向阳,贾惠芹.基于LabVIEW的虚拟仪器设计.第1版.电子工业出版社.2003
[42]LabVIEW User Manual[Z].National Inatruments Corporation.2003
[43]Dai Tai-chu.Design of Accelerometer Measurement & Detecting System for Space Flight Based on Virtual Instrument Concept[J].Computer Measurement &Control.2002(10)
[44]杨乐平,李海涛,赵勇,杨磊,安雪滢.LabVIEW高级程序设计.第1版.清华大学出版社.2003
[45]李志全,许明妍,汤敬等.光纤光栅传感系统信号解调技术的研究[M].应用光学,2005,26(4):36-41
[46]张凯,周陬,郭栋.LabVIEW虚拟仪器工程设计与开发.国防工业出版社.2004
[47]李虹.监测甲烷浓度的红外吸收法光纤传感器[J].量子电子学报,2002,19(4):355-357
[48]蒋继平.光纤瓦斯气体传感器的发展[J].常州信息职业技术学院学报,2003,2(1):48-50
[2]王汝林.矿井瓦斯传感器的近现代研究方法及方向.煤矿自动化,1998(1):16-18
[3]周孟然,刘文清.利用激光吸收光谱法测量煤矿瓦斯气体的研究.2004,24(3):162-164
[4]徐恕宏.传感器原理及设计基础.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1989:169-170
[5]刘崇进.气体传感器的发展概况和发展方向.计算机自动测量与控制,1999,7(2):54-56
[6]K.Chan,H.Ito,H.Inaba.10km-Long Fiber-Optic Remote Sensing of CH_4 Gas by Near Infrared Absorption.Applied Physics B,1985,(38):11-15
[7]周孟然,汪世美.差分光学吸收光谱法精确测量煤矿瓦斯浓度.2004,32(3):1-3
[8]王玉田,刘瑾,张景超等.基于谐波检测技术的光纤甲烷气体传感器的研究.测控技术,2003,22(11):19-21
[9]刘卫东,刘延冰,刘建国.检测微弱光信号的PIN光电检测电路的设计.电测与仪表,1999,(4):28-30
[10]王清正,胡俞,林崇杰.光电探测技术.北京:电子工业出版社,1989:67-69
[11]陈丕智.光敏感器件及其应用.北京:科学出版社,1987:35-46
[12]K.Chan,H.Ito,H.Inaba.Absorption Measurement ofv_2+2v_3 Band of CH_4 at 1.33μm Using an InGaAsP Light Emitting Diode.Applied Optics,1983,22(33):3802-3804
[13]S.D.Bomse,C.A.Stanton,A.J.Silver.Frequency Modulation and Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopies:Comparison of Experimental Methods Using a Lead-salt Diode Laser.Applied Optics,1992,31(6):718-730
[14]I.Linnerud,P.Kaspersen,T.Jaeger.Gas Monitoring in the Process Industry Using Diode Laser Spectroscopy.Appl.Phys B,1998,(67):297-305
[15]张临杰,肖连团,李昌勇等.利用数字锁相放大器进行谐波探测的实验 研究.激光与红外,2000,30(5):311-313
[16]W.Jin,G.Stewart,B.Culshaw.Absorption Measurement of Methane Gas with a Broadband Light Source and Interferometric Signal Processing.Optics Letters,1993,18(6):1364-1366
[17]黄永清,刘凯,郭威等.采用压电陶瓷的电调谐光纤光栅器件.北京邮电大学学报,1999,22(2):11-15
[18]尚丽平,张淑清,史锦珊.光纤光栅传感器的现状与发展.燕山大学学报,2001,25(2):139-143
[19]曾庆勇.微弱信号检测.第2版.杭州:浙江大学出版社,1994:47-66
[20]戴逸松.微弱信号检测方法及仪器.北京:国防工业出版社,1994:207
[21]黄婷.基于LabVIEW的生物医学信号采集处理系统的设计.长春理工大学硕士学位论文.2006:40-57
[22]孙红鸽.智能型光纤瓦斯传感器技术研究.辽宁工程技术大学硕士学位论文.2006:54-61
[23]闫晓梅,张记龙,张志伟,徐振峰.基于虚拟仪器的瓦斯浓度检测系统.中北大学学报,2006,27(1):71-74
[24]来德锋,盛玉霞.基于LabVIEW的频谱分析仪设计.现代计算机.2006,247(11):94-96
[25]兰波,陈春俊,舒丽芬.LabVIEW在虚拟仪器远程数据采集系统中的应用.中国测试技术,2006,32(6):112-114
[26]王玉田,郭增军,王莉田.用LED作光源的Fabry-Perot光纤甲烷气体传感器的研究.计量学报,2002,23(4):307-310
[27]Kersey A D.Multiplexed Fiber Bragg Gratings Strain-sensor System with a Fiber Fabry-Perot Wave length Filter[J].Optics Letters.1993,18(16):13-70
[28]王玉田,郭增军,王莉田等.投射式光纤甲烷气体传感器的研究.传感技术学报,2001,14(2):147-151
[29]孟宗.光谱吸收式变压器油中乙炔气体浓度测量仪的研究.燕山大学工学硕士论文.2003:52-53
[30]靳伟,廖延彪,张志鹏.导波光学传感器原理与技术.北京:科学出版社,1998:254-255
[31]范世福,陈莉,肖松山等.光纤化学传感器及其发展状况.光学仪器,1999,21(1):37-44
[32]陆婉珍,袁洪福.近代近红外光谱分析技术.北京:中国石化出版社,2000:14-20
[33]杨旭东,刘行景,杨兴瑶.实用电子电路精选.北京:北京化学工业出版社.1999
[34]张永胜,刘爱萍,郁可.布拉格光纤光栅反射特性及制作的理论研究.激光技术,1998,(6):367-370
[35]孙英志,柏葆华,钱颖.光纤光栅耦合模反射和透射功率的研究.长春邮电学院学报,1998,(4):6-10
[36]郭威,刘凯,黄永清.应力作用下光纤光栅Bragg波长调谐特性的研究.光电子激光,2000,(1):23-25
[37]聂晓华.光纤瓦斯传感器电路的设计和实现.山东矿业学院工学硕士论文,1999:1-2
[38]王玉田,刘瑾,杨海马.光纤光栅调制式光纤甲烷气体传感器的研究[J].传感技术学报,2003,9(3):324-327
[39](加)G.赫兹堡著;王鼎昌译.分子光谱与分子结构.北京:科学出版社,1983:7-109
[40](美)Gary W.Johnson,Richard Jennings著;武嘉澍,陆劲昆译.LabVIEW 图形编程[M].第1版.北京:北京大学出版社.2002
[41]郭会军,赵向阳,贾惠芹.基于LabVIEW的虚拟仪器设计.第1版.电子工业出版社.2003
[42]LabVIEW User Manual[Z].National Inatruments Corporation.2003
[43]Dai Tai-chu.Design of Accelerometer Measurement & Detecting System for Space Flight Based on Virtual Instrument Concept[J].Computer Measurement &Control.2002(10)
[44]杨乐平,李海涛,赵勇,杨磊,安雪滢.LabVIEW高级程序设计.第1版.清华大学出版社.2003
[45]李志全,许明妍,汤敬等.光纤光栅传感系统信号解调技术的研究[M].应用光学,2005,26(4):36-41
[46]张凯,周陬,郭栋.LabVIEW虚拟仪器工程设计与开发.国防工业出版社.2004
[47]李虹.监测甲烷浓度的红外吸收法光纤传感器[J].量子电子学报,2002,19(4):355-357
[48]蒋继平.光纤瓦斯气体传感器的发展[J].常州信息职业技术学院学报,2003,2(1):48-50