基于自适应模糊算法的太阳能充电控制器的研制
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摘要
社会经济的快速发展,带来的是日益增多的能源消耗和不断恶化的环境。这给人类社会的可持续发展带来了严峻的挑战,发展和利用新能源是解决这一挑战的最有效的途径。太阳能被认为是最有前途的绿色能源之一,太阳能的应用技术之一太阳能发电则是最有潜力的可再生能源利用技术。在此基础上,研究如何提高太阳能发电系统转换效率无疑是很有现实意义的。
本文首先介绍了光伏发电系统的组成,并对太阳电池的模型和输出特性进行研究,分析外界环境温度和光照强度对输出特性的影响;同时也对蓄电池的特性、工作原理及充电方法进行深入研究之后,结合系统整体的需要本文采用阶段充电法。其次在对比分析扰动观察法、增量电导法和模糊控制法等目前常规的最大功率跟踪控制方法的基础上,针对其存在的问题提出基于自适应模糊算法的最大功率点的跟踪控制。
在充电控制器的硬件设计方面,进行了信号量的检测模块、脉宽调制的驱动模块、单片机主控制模块、通讯电路模块及DC-DC主拓扑回路模块的设计,并给出了电路的实现形式。同时对主拓扑回路的电路工作模式和电路参数进行了分析和计算;为对蓄电池的充电过程进行保护,设计了安全控制电路,使充电控制器系统运行在稳定的状态。软件设计方面,在自适应模糊算法和阶段充电法结合的基础上,完成对太阳能最大输出功率跟踪控制和充电控制的单片机程序设计;为实现对充电过程的实时监控,设计了通过串口进行通信的基于VC++的上位机监控程序。
最后在系统抗干扰方面给出了硬件和软件两种抗干扰的方法措施,并对控制器系统的硬件进行检查和调试。根据系统的控制电路图,用MATLAB构建系统各组成部分的仿真模型,仿真结果表明,将自适应模糊算法应用在太阳能最大功率的跟踪控制中,能够在一定程度上快速、有效的跟踪最大功率点。
With the rapid development of socio-economic, the problems of the increasing energy consumption and deteriorating environment are coming to our world. This is a severe challenge for the sustained development of human, developing and making use of the new energy resources is the most effective way to solve this challenge. Solar energy is considered to be one of the most promising green energy, at the same time the solar photovoltaic technology is one of the most potential of renewable energy technologies.It is significant to research on improving theconversion efficiency of PV system.
Firstly, introducing the composition of photovoltaic system, and researchingphotovoltaic array model and its output characteristics, at the same time, after deeply researching the characteristics of battery and charging methods, the phase charging method is used according to need of whole system. Secondly, in contrast to analyzing the conventional of the current maximum power tracking control methods, maximum power tracking control based on the adaptive fuzzy is proposed against the existence problem.
The hardware design of charging controller, including detection module of signal、PWM drive module、control module of microchip and main topology of DC-DC module are designed, giving the forms of circuit. At the same time, operating modes of the main topology and the parameters of the circuit are analyzed and calculated and make the charging control system in a stable condition. In software, on the basis of the adaptive fuzzy arithmetic and phase charging method, programs of the maximum power point tracking and charging control are designed; In order to realize the real-time monitoring of charging, the PC monitoring program which through serial port based on VC++ is designed.
Finally, checking and debugging the hardware circuit of controller system, at the same time, constructing the simulation model of the system by using MATLAB. The simulation results of the maximum power tracking control arithmetic show that adaptive fuzzy arithmetic is effective to get the maximum power point.
本文首先介绍了光伏发电系统的组成,并对太阳电池的模型和输出特性进行研究,分析外界环境温度和光照强度对输出特性的影响;同时也对蓄电池的特性、工作原理及充电方法进行深入研究之后,结合系统整体的需要本文采用阶段充电法。其次在对比分析扰动观察法、增量电导法和模糊控制法等目前常规的最大功率跟踪控制方法的基础上,针对其存在的问题提出基于自适应模糊算法的最大功率点的跟踪控制。
在充电控制器的硬件设计方面,进行了信号量的检测模块、脉宽调制的驱动模块、单片机主控制模块、通讯电路模块及DC-DC主拓扑回路模块的设计,并给出了电路的实现形式。同时对主拓扑回路的电路工作模式和电路参数进行了分析和计算;为对蓄电池的充电过程进行保护,设计了安全控制电路,使充电控制器系统运行在稳定的状态。软件设计方面,在自适应模糊算法和阶段充电法结合的基础上,完成对太阳能最大输出功率跟踪控制和充电控制的单片机程序设计;为实现对充电过程的实时监控,设计了通过串口进行通信的基于VC++的上位机监控程序。
最后在系统抗干扰方面给出了硬件和软件两种抗干扰的方法措施,并对控制器系统的硬件进行检查和调试。根据系统的控制电路图,用MATLAB构建系统各组成部分的仿真模型,仿真结果表明,将自适应模糊算法应用在太阳能最大功率的跟踪控制中,能够在一定程度上快速、有效的跟踪最大功率点。
With the rapid development of socio-economic, the problems of the increasing energy consumption and deteriorating environment are coming to our world. This is a severe challenge for the sustained development of human, developing and making use of the new energy resources is the most effective way to solve this challenge. Solar energy is considered to be one of the most promising green energy, at the same time the solar photovoltaic technology is one of the most potential of renewable energy technologies.It is significant to research on improving theconversion efficiency of PV system.
Firstly, introducing the composition of photovoltaic system, and researchingphotovoltaic array model and its output characteristics, at the same time, after deeply researching the characteristics of battery and charging methods, the phase charging method is used according to need of whole system. Secondly, in contrast to analyzing the conventional of the current maximum power tracking control methods, maximum power tracking control based on the adaptive fuzzy is proposed against the existence problem.
The hardware design of charging controller, including detection module of signal、PWM drive module、control module of microchip and main topology of DC-DC module are designed, giving the forms of circuit. At the same time, operating modes of the main topology and the parameters of the circuit are analyzed and calculated and make the charging control system in a stable condition. In software, on the basis of the adaptive fuzzy arithmetic and phase charging method, programs of the maximum power point tracking and charging control are designed; In order to realize the real-time monitoring of charging, the PC monitoring program which through serial port based on VC++ is designed.
Finally, checking and debugging the hardware circuit of controller system, at the same time, constructing the simulation model of the system by using MATLAB. The simulation results of the maximum power tracking control arithmetic show that adaptive fuzzy arithmetic is effective to get the maximum power point.
引文
[1]王长贵,王斯成.太阳能光伏发电实用技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.
[2]沈辉,曾祖勤.太阳能光伏发电技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.
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[4]李安定.太阳能光伏发电系统工程[M].北京:北京工业大学出版社,2001.
[5]王环.基于DSP的太阳能并网发电系统的研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2004.
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[11]李敬兆.采用神经网络预测和变结构模糊控制的铅酸蓄电池最优化充电技术研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2003.
[12]游福成.基于模糊控制的蓄电池快速充电系统[J].河北工业科技,2000,10(5):24-27
[13]C Hua,J Lin,C Shen.Implementation ofa DSP-Controlled photovoltaic system with peak power tracking.IEEE Trans.Ind.Electron,Feb.1998(45):99-107
[14]候聪玲.采用自适应搜索算法的太阳能充电控制器的设计[D].广州:华南 理工大学,2004.
[15]Liu Xuejun.An improved perturbation and observation maximum power point tracking algorithm for PV panels[D].Concordia University,2004.
[16]Hiyama T,Kitabayashi K.Neural network based estimation of maximum power generation from PV module using environment information.IEEE Trans Energy Conversion 1997,12(3):241-247
[17]Hong Chen.Advantages of adaptive fuzzy logic control for digital excitation systems[D].New Mexico state University,2000(7).
[18]叶秋香.光伏电池最大功率跟踪器的模糊控制及其应用[D].上海:东华大学,2006.
[19]Tsai-Fu Wu,Chien-Hsuang Chang,Yu-Hai Chen.A fuzzy logic controlled single-stage converter for PV-powered lighting system applications.IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2000,47(2):287-296
[20]Simoes MG,Franceschetti NN,Friedhofer M.Fuzzy logic based photovoltaic peak power tracking control.Proc IEEE Conf International Symposium on Industrial Electronics,Pretoria,1998:300-305
[21]孙增析.智能控制理论与技术[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001.
[22]N Patcharaprakiti,S Premrudeepreechacharn,Y Sriuthaisiriwong.Maximum power point tracking using adaptive fuzzy logic control for grid-connected photovoltaic system.Renewable energy,2005(30):1771-1788
[23]张超.非对称模糊PID控制在光伏发电MPPT中的应用[J].电工技术学报,2005,20(10):72-75
[24]Simoes MG,Franceschetti NN.Fuzzy optimization based control of photovoltaic arrays.IEEE Proc Electric Power Appl 1999,146(5):552-558
[25]Langari G,Tomizuka M.Self organizing fuzzy linguistic control with application to arc welding.IN:Proceedings of the IEEE International Workshop on Intelligent Robots and Systems.Tsuchiura-shi,Japan,1990:1007-1014
[26]王永富,柴天佑.自适应模糊控制理论的研究综述[J].控制工程,2006,13(3):193-198
[27]王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术(第四版)[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003.
[28]张忠仕,陈文,李卫等.降压变换器的电感器设计[J].磁性材料及器件,2006(8).
[29]Keith Billings著,张占松,汪仁煌,谢丽萍译.开关电源手册(第二版)[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2006.
[30]National Semiconductor.LM2576 3A Step-Down Voltage Regulator www.national.com,2004.
[31]张葵葵.镍氢电池智能控制系统设计[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学,2004.
[32]尉广军,王竹林,史连艳等.IR2110在BUCK变换器中的应用[J].自动化与仪表,2002(1).
[33]曹俊,汪滨琦.用PTR2000实现单片机与PC机之间的无线数据通信[J].微计算机应用,2002(3).
[34]龚建伟,熊光明.Visual C++/Turbo C串口通信编程实践(第2版)[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2007.
[35]王幸之,王雷.单片机应用系统抗干扰技术[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002.
[36]薛定宇,陈阳泉.基于MATALB/Simulink的系统仿真技术与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002.
[37]茆美琴,余世杰,苏建徽.带有MPPT功能的光伏阵列MATLAB通用仿真模型[J].系统仿真学报,2005,17(5):1248-1251
[38]苏建徽,余世杰,赵为等.硅太阳电池工程用数学模型[J].太阳能学报,2001,22(4):409-412
[39]李炜,朱新坚.光伏系统最大功率点跟踪控制系统仿真模型[J].计算机仿真,2006,23(6):239-243
[40]周渊深.电力电子技术与MATLAB仿真[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2005.
[41]洪乃刚.电力电子和电力拖动控制系统的MATLAB仿真[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006。
[42]林珊.太阳能发电系统应用[D].广州:广东工业大学,1999.
[2]沈辉,曾祖勤.太阳能光伏发电技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.
[3]赵争鸣,刘建政,孙晓瑛等.太阳能光伏发电及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.
[4]李安定.太阳能光伏发电系统工程[M].北京:北京工业大学出版社,2001.
[5]王环.基于DSP的太阳能并网发电系统的研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2004.
[6]伊晓波.电动自行车用铅酸蓄电池质量分析及标准的制定与研究[J].蓄电池,2001(4):30-33
[7]PAVLOV.D.The Effect of Factory on the Lead Acid Batteries' natural Life.J.Of Electrochem Soc.1995(9):245-252
[8]毕大成,周希德.电动自行车铅酸蓄电池快速充电方法的研究[J].电源技术,2000,24(3):159-161
[9]欧阳名三.独立光伏系统中蓄电池管理的研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2004.
[10]沈维祥.铅酸蓄电池开路电压和充电状态的关系的实验研究[J].新能源,1995,17(12):21-23
[11]李敬兆.采用神经网络预测和变结构模糊控制的铅酸蓄电池最优化充电技术研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2003.
[12]游福成.基于模糊控制的蓄电池快速充电系统[J].河北工业科技,2000,10(5):24-27
[13]C Hua,J Lin,C Shen.Implementation ofa DSP-Controlled photovoltaic system with peak power tracking.IEEE Trans.Ind.Electron,Feb.1998(45):99-107
[14]候聪玲.采用自适应搜索算法的太阳能充电控制器的设计[D].广州:华南 理工大学,2004.
[15]Liu Xuejun.An improved perturbation and observation maximum power point tracking algorithm for PV panels[D].Concordia University,2004.
[16]Hiyama T,Kitabayashi K.Neural network based estimation of maximum power generation from PV module using environment information.IEEE Trans Energy Conversion 1997,12(3):241-247
[17]Hong Chen.Advantages of adaptive fuzzy logic control for digital excitation systems[D].New Mexico state University,2000(7).
[18]叶秋香.光伏电池最大功率跟踪器的模糊控制及其应用[D].上海:东华大学,2006.
[19]Tsai-Fu Wu,Chien-Hsuang Chang,Yu-Hai Chen.A fuzzy logic controlled single-stage converter for PV-powered lighting system applications.IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2000,47(2):287-296
[20]Simoes MG,Franceschetti NN,Friedhofer M.Fuzzy logic based photovoltaic peak power tracking control.Proc IEEE Conf International Symposium on Industrial Electronics,Pretoria,1998:300-305
[21]孙增析.智能控制理论与技术[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001.
[22]N Patcharaprakiti,S Premrudeepreechacharn,Y Sriuthaisiriwong.Maximum power point tracking using adaptive fuzzy logic control for grid-connected photovoltaic system.Renewable energy,2005(30):1771-1788
[23]张超.非对称模糊PID控制在光伏发电MPPT中的应用[J].电工技术学报,2005,20(10):72-75
[24]Simoes MG,Franceschetti NN.Fuzzy optimization based control of photovoltaic arrays.IEEE Proc Electric Power Appl 1999,146(5):552-558
[25]Langari G,Tomizuka M.Self organizing fuzzy linguistic control with application to arc welding.IN:Proceedings of the IEEE International Workshop on Intelligent Robots and Systems.Tsuchiura-shi,Japan,1990:1007-1014
[26]王永富,柴天佑.自适应模糊控制理论的研究综述[J].控制工程,2006,13(3):193-198
[27]王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术(第四版)[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003.
[28]张忠仕,陈文,李卫等.降压变换器的电感器设计[J].磁性材料及器件,2006(8).
[29]Keith Billings著,张占松,汪仁煌,谢丽萍译.开关电源手册(第二版)[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2006.
[30]National Semiconductor.LM2576 3A Step-Down Voltage Regulator www.national.com,2004.
[31]张葵葵.镍氢电池智能控制系统设计[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学,2004.
[32]尉广军,王竹林,史连艳等.IR2110在BUCK变换器中的应用[J].自动化与仪表,2002(1).
[33]曹俊,汪滨琦.用PTR2000实现单片机与PC机之间的无线数据通信[J].微计算机应用,2002(3).
[34]龚建伟,熊光明.Visual C++/Turbo C串口通信编程实践(第2版)[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2007.
[35]王幸之,王雷.单片机应用系统抗干扰技术[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002.
[36]薛定宇,陈阳泉.基于MATALB/Simulink的系统仿真技术与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002.
[37]茆美琴,余世杰,苏建徽.带有MPPT功能的光伏阵列MATLAB通用仿真模型[J].系统仿真学报,2005,17(5):1248-1251
[38]苏建徽,余世杰,赵为等.硅太阳电池工程用数学模型[J].太阳能学报,2001,22(4):409-412
[39]李炜,朱新坚.光伏系统最大功率点跟踪控制系统仿真模型[J].计算机仿真,2006,23(6):239-243
[40]周渊深.电力电子技术与MATLAB仿真[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2005.
[41]洪乃刚.电力电子和电力拖动控制系统的MATLAB仿真[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006。
[42]林珊.太阳能发电系统应用[D].广州:广东工业大学,1999.