基于DSP与ARM的电能质量监测系统研究
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摘要
随着电力系统的迅速发展和电力电子技术的广泛应用,电能污染日益严重,电能质量问题已经成为电力部门及电力用户越来越关注的问题。电能质量的各项指标若偏离正常水平过大,会给发电、输变电和用电设备带来不同程度的危害。电能质量的好坏直接关系到国民经济的总体效益,因此对电能质量进行检测和分析从而提高和改善电能质量具有非常重要的意义。
本文首先介绍了电能质量的基本概念,对各种电能质量问题的分类、特征及产生原因和危害作了详细的阐述。通过对电能质量各项指标(供电电压偏差、频率偏差、公用电网谐波、三相电压不平衡度、电压波动与闪变)的分析,以传统的傅立叶变换理论为基础,针对目前电能质量分析的难点即对突变的、暂态的、非平稳的信号的检测与分类,提出了基于小波变换的暂态电能质量分析方法。利用小波变换模极大值原理检测信号奇异点作为是否发生暂态扰动的判据,克服了传统方法中无时域局部性的缺点。
在系统的研究了电能质量分析的相关理论和检测技术的基础上,针对电能质量分析系统中需要支持复杂算法和保持实时性的特殊要求,研制了基于DSP与ARM构架的嵌入式电能质量分析系统的硬件平台和软件系统。重点分析了DSP与ARM的选型依据、结构特点、具体应用等。并且详细的介绍了硬件平台的各部分组成和电路原理图。随后,提出了该装置软件部分设计思想,其中重点介绍了DSP部分的FFT算法设计、ARM部分的μC/OS-Ⅱ操作系统移植和MiniGUI图形界面开发。最后对论文的主要工作进行了总结,对以后可深入研究的方向进行了展望。
Along with the widely application of modern power electronic technology, power pollution becomes serious increasingly, more and more attentions of power departments and consumers are turned to the power quality. There is great practical significance to improve the power quality by monitoring and analyzing.
This paper first introduced the concept of the basic power quality, power quality problems of the various classifications, characteristics and causes harm and a detailed exposition. Through the power quality indicators (three-phase voltage imbalance, voltage fluctuations and flicker, supply voltage deviation, the public power grid harmonics, frequency deviation) analysis to the traditional Fourier transform based on the theory of light Power quality analysis of the difficulties that the mutation, the transient, non-stationary signals in the detection and classification, based on the wavelet transform to the transient power quality analysis. Wavelet transform modulus maximum signal detection theory as a singular point whether there has been a transient disturbance of the criteria, to overcome the traditional method of non-time-domain localized shortcomings.
After a system study of power quality analysis theory and the basis of detector technology, power quality analysis system for the need to support the complex algorithms and real-time to maintain the special requirements of developing a framework based on the DSP and ARM Embedded Power Quality Analysis System Hardware platforms and software systems. Focus of the DSP and ARM selection based on structural features and specific applications. And detailed introduction of a hardware platform of the components and circuit schematics. Subsequently, the proposed part of the device software design, which focuses on the DSP part of the FFT algorithm design, the operating systemμC/OS-Ⅱmigration of ARM part and development MiniGUI graphical interface. Finally, conclude the paper's main work , and the direction of the future.
本文首先介绍了电能质量的基本概念,对各种电能质量问题的分类、特征及产生原因和危害作了详细的阐述。通过对电能质量各项指标(供电电压偏差、频率偏差、公用电网谐波、三相电压不平衡度、电压波动与闪变)的分析,以传统的傅立叶变换理论为基础,针对目前电能质量分析的难点即对突变的、暂态的、非平稳的信号的检测与分类,提出了基于小波变换的暂态电能质量分析方法。利用小波变换模极大值原理检测信号奇异点作为是否发生暂态扰动的判据,克服了传统方法中无时域局部性的缺点。
在系统的研究了电能质量分析的相关理论和检测技术的基础上,针对电能质量分析系统中需要支持复杂算法和保持实时性的特殊要求,研制了基于DSP与ARM构架的嵌入式电能质量分析系统的硬件平台和软件系统。重点分析了DSP与ARM的选型依据、结构特点、具体应用等。并且详细的介绍了硬件平台的各部分组成和电路原理图。随后,提出了该装置软件部分设计思想,其中重点介绍了DSP部分的FFT算法设计、ARM部分的μC/OS-Ⅱ操作系统移植和MiniGUI图形界面开发。最后对论文的主要工作进行了总结,对以后可深入研究的方向进行了展望。
Along with the widely application of modern power electronic technology, power pollution becomes serious increasingly, more and more attentions of power departments and consumers are turned to the power quality. There is great practical significance to improve the power quality by monitoring and analyzing.
This paper first introduced the concept of the basic power quality, power quality problems of the various classifications, characteristics and causes harm and a detailed exposition. Through the power quality indicators (three-phase voltage imbalance, voltage fluctuations and flicker, supply voltage deviation, the public power grid harmonics, frequency deviation) analysis to the traditional Fourier transform based on the theory of light Power quality analysis of the difficulties that the mutation, the transient, non-stationary signals in the detection and classification, based on the wavelet transform to the transient power quality analysis. Wavelet transform modulus maximum signal detection theory as a singular point whether there has been a transient disturbance of the criteria, to overcome the traditional method of non-time-domain localized shortcomings.
After a system study of power quality analysis theory and the basis of detector technology, power quality analysis system for the need to support the complex algorithms and real-time to maintain the special requirements of developing a framework based on the DSP and ARM Embedded Power Quality Analysis System Hardware platforms and software systems. Focus of the DSP and ARM selection based on structural features and specific applications. And detailed introduction of a hardware platform of the components and circuit schematics. Subsequently, the proposed part of the device software design, which focuses on the DSP part of the FFT algorithm design, the operating systemμC/OS-Ⅱmigration of ARM part and development MiniGUI graphical interface. Finally, conclude the paper's main work , and the direction of the future.
引文
[1]程浩忠,艾芊,张志刚等.电能质量.北京:清华大学出版社,2006.
[2]肖湘宁,韩民晓,徐永海等.电能质量分析与控制.北京:中国电力出版社,2004.
[3]中华人民共和国国家标准,电能质量供电电压允许偏差.北京:中国标准出版社,1991.
[4]中华人民共和国国家标准,电能质量公用电网谐波.北京:中国标准出版社,1994.
[5]中华人民共和国国家标准,电能质量三相电压允许不平衡度.北京:中国标准出版社,1996.
[6]中华人民共和国国家标准,电能质量电力系统频率允许偏差.北京:中国标准出版社,1996.
[7]中华人民共和国国家标准,电能质量电压波动和闪变.北京:中国标准出版社,2000.
[8]中华人民共和国国家标准,电能质量暂时过电压和瞬时过电压.北京:中国标准出版社,2002.
[9]程佩青.数字信号处理教程.北京:清华大学出版社,1995.
[10]刘和平,邓力,江渝等.数字信号处理器原理、结构及应用基础.北京:机械工业出版社,2006.
[11]田泽.嵌入式开发与应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.
[12]王田苗.嵌入式系统设计与实例开发.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[13]魏洪兴,周亦敏.嵌入式系统设计与实例开发试验教材Ⅰ.北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[14]季昱,林俊超,宋飞.ARM嵌入式应用系统开发典型实例.北京:中国电力出版社,2005.
[15]吴明晖,徐睿,黄健等.基于ARM的嵌入式系统开发与应用.北京:人民邮电出版社,2004.
[16]周立功等.ARM嵌入式系统试验教程(三).北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.
[17]任泽.嵌入式实时操作系统LC/OS_Ⅱ原理及应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.
[18]周立功等.ARM嵌入式MiniGUI初步与应用开发范例.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.
[19]杨福生.小波变换的工程分析与应用.北京:科学出版社,1999.
[20]彭玉华.小波变换与工程应用.北京:清华大学出版社,1995.
[21]郑治平,沈萍,杨选辉等.小波变换及其MATLAB工具的应用.北京:地震出版社,2001.
[22]邵贝贝.嵌入式实时操作系统μC/OS_Ⅱ.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.
[23]胡昌华,张军波,夏军,张伟.基于MATLAB的系统分析与设计-小波分析.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1999.
[24]张贤达.非平稳信号分析与处理.北京:国防工业出版社,1999.
[25]Wavelet Toolbox User' s Guide.Mathworks Inc.2004.
[26]All worth Steve T.Introduction To Real-Time Software Design.New York:Springer Verlag,1981.
[27]Deitel Harvey M,Michael S Kogan.The Design Of OS/2.Reading,Massachusetts:Addison-Wesley,1992
[28]Savitzhy Stephen R.Real-Time Microprocessor Systems.New York:Van Nostrand,1995.
[29]吴天明,赵新力,刘建存.MATLAB电力系统设计与分析.北京:国防工业出版社,2007.
[30]李令东,鲁剑,林江华.电能质量监测与分析仪器的分类及选用.电世界,2002.7.
[31]胡铭.电能质量及其分析方法综述.电网技术,2002.2.
[32]孙树勤.电能质量技术丛书 第四分册 电压波动与闪变.北京:中国电力出版社,1998.
[33]胡铭,陈衍.基于小波变换模极大值的电能质量扰动检测与定位.电网技术,2003.27(3):12-16.
[34]Mark F,David R Muller.Power Quality Following Deregulation Proceedings of the IEEE.2000.88(2):246-261.
[35]郑岗,石梅香,刘丁,等.基于时域、多分辨分析和规则基的电能质量扰动分类.电网技术,2004.28(3):65-56.
[36]陈祥训.采用小波技术的几种电能质量扰动的检测与分类方法.电机工程学报,2002.22(10)
[37]陈淑珍,石波.小波变换在奇变信号检测中的应用.武汉大学学报(自然科学版),2000.46:119-122.
[38]Mallini M,Wang Z.Power Quality Disturbance Detection and Classification Using Wavelets.IEEE ICHQP,1998.
[39]林海雪.现代电能质量的基本问题.电网技术,2001.10(25):5-8.
[40]滕林,潘贞存.电能质量及其监测方法.国际电力,1998.4(2):42-46.
[41]章艺.电能质量的分析与测量,测控技术.2000年19卷第8期:6l-63.
[42]肖国春,王兆安.电能质量控制技术的发展.江苏机械制造与自动化.2001年第1期:10-13.
[43]吴竞昌等.电力系统谐波.北京:水利电力出版社,1988.
[44]Erieh W.Gunther.Interharmonics in Power System.Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting.2001,2:813-817.
[45]K.Y Chua,K.P Tan,T.L Ang.Integrated Approach To On-Line System Wide Power Quality Monitoring.2004 Internation Conference On Power system Technology.POWERCON2004SingaPore,21-24Nov.2004.
[46]陈祥训.采用小波技术的几种电能质量扰动的测量与分类方法.中国电机工程学报.2002,22(10):1-6.
[47]张伏生,耿中行,葛耀中.电力系统谐波分析的高精度FFT算法.中国电机工程学报,1999,19(3):63-66.
[48]欧阳森,王建华,陈德桂等.一种基于数学形态学的电能质量信号快速定位方法.电力系统自动化,2003,27(19):25-29.
[49]Dugan R C,Megranghan M F,Benty H W.Electrical power system quality.New York:MC 6raw-Hill,1996.
[50]Daubechies I.Ten lectures on wavelets.Philadelphia,Pennsylvania,SIAM Mathematical Analysis,1992.
[51]Robertson C.Wavelets and electromagnetic power system transients.IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,1996,11(2):1050-1056.
[2]肖湘宁,韩民晓,徐永海等.电能质量分析与控制.北京:中国电力出版社,2004.
[3]中华人民共和国国家标准,电能质量供电电压允许偏差.北京:中国标准出版社,1991.
[4]中华人民共和国国家标准,电能质量公用电网谐波.北京:中国标准出版社,1994.
[5]中华人民共和国国家标准,电能质量三相电压允许不平衡度.北京:中国标准出版社,1996.
[6]中华人民共和国国家标准,电能质量电力系统频率允许偏差.北京:中国标准出版社,1996.
[7]中华人民共和国国家标准,电能质量电压波动和闪变.北京:中国标准出版社,2000.
[8]中华人民共和国国家标准,电能质量暂时过电压和瞬时过电压.北京:中国标准出版社,2002.
[9]程佩青.数字信号处理教程.北京:清华大学出版社,1995.
[10]刘和平,邓力,江渝等.数字信号处理器原理、结构及应用基础.北京:机械工业出版社,2006.
[11]田泽.嵌入式开发与应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.
[12]王田苗.嵌入式系统设计与实例开发.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[13]魏洪兴,周亦敏.嵌入式系统设计与实例开发试验教材Ⅰ.北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[14]季昱,林俊超,宋飞.ARM嵌入式应用系统开发典型实例.北京:中国电力出版社,2005.
[15]吴明晖,徐睿,黄健等.基于ARM的嵌入式系统开发与应用.北京:人民邮电出版社,2004.
[16]周立功等.ARM嵌入式系统试验教程(三).北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.
[17]任泽.嵌入式实时操作系统LC/OS_Ⅱ原理及应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.
[18]周立功等.ARM嵌入式MiniGUI初步与应用开发范例.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.
[19]杨福生.小波变换的工程分析与应用.北京:科学出版社,1999.
[20]彭玉华.小波变换与工程应用.北京:清华大学出版社,1995.
[21]郑治平,沈萍,杨选辉等.小波变换及其MATLAB工具的应用.北京:地震出版社,2001.
[22]邵贝贝.嵌入式实时操作系统μC/OS_Ⅱ.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.
[23]胡昌华,张军波,夏军,张伟.基于MATLAB的系统分析与设计-小波分析.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1999.
[24]张贤达.非平稳信号分析与处理.北京:国防工业出版社,1999.
[25]Wavelet Toolbox User' s Guide.Mathworks Inc.2004.
[26]All worth Steve T.Introduction To Real-Time Software Design.New York:Springer Verlag,1981.
[27]Deitel Harvey M,Michael S Kogan.The Design Of OS/2.Reading,Massachusetts:Addison-Wesley,1992
[28]Savitzhy Stephen R.Real-Time Microprocessor Systems.New York:Van Nostrand,1995.
[29]吴天明,赵新力,刘建存.MATLAB电力系统设计与分析.北京:国防工业出版社,2007.
[30]李令东,鲁剑,林江华.电能质量监测与分析仪器的分类及选用.电世界,2002.7.
[31]胡铭.电能质量及其分析方法综述.电网技术,2002.2.
[32]孙树勤.电能质量技术丛书 第四分册 电压波动与闪变.北京:中国电力出版社,1998.
[33]胡铭,陈衍.基于小波变换模极大值的电能质量扰动检测与定位.电网技术,2003.27(3):12-16.
[34]Mark F,David R Muller.Power Quality Following Deregulation Proceedings of the IEEE.2000.88(2):246-261.
[35]郑岗,石梅香,刘丁,等.基于时域、多分辨分析和规则基的电能质量扰动分类.电网技术,2004.28(3):65-56.
[36]陈祥训.采用小波技术的几种电能质量扰动的检测与分类方法.电机工程学报,2002.22(10)
[37]陈淑珍,石波.小波变换在奇变信号检测中的应用.武汉大学学报(自然科学版),2000.46:119-122.
[38]Mallini M,Wang Z.Power Quality Disturbance Detection and Classification Using Wavelets.IEEE ICHQP,1998.
[39]林海雪.现代电能质量的基本问题.电网技术,2001.10(25):5-8.
[40]滕林,潘贞存.电能质量及其监测方法.国际电力,1998.4(2):42-46.
[41]章艺.电能质量的分析与测量,测控技术.2000年19卷第8期:6l-63.
[42]肖国春,王兆安.电能质量控制技术的发展.江苏机械制造与自动化.2001年第1期:10-13.
[43]吴竞昌等.电力系统谐波.北京:水利电力出版社,1988.
[44]Erieh W.Gunther.Interharmonics in Power System.Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting.2001,2:813-817.
[45]K.Y Chua,K.P Tan,T.L Ang.Integrated Approach To On-Line System Wide Power Quality Monitoring.2004 Internation Conference On Power system Technology.POWERCON2004SingaPore,21-24Nov.2004.
[46]陈祥训.采用小波技术的几种电能质量扰动的测量与分类方法.中国电机工程学报.2002,22(10):1-6.
[47]张伏生,耿中行,葛耀中.电力系统谐波分析的高精度FFT算法.中国电机工程学报,1999,19(3):63-66.
[48]欧阳森,王建华,陈德桂等.一种基于数学形态学的电能质量信号快速定位方法.电力系统自动化,2003,27(19):25-29.
[49]Dugan R C,Megranghan M F,Benty H W.Electrical power system quality.New York:MC 6raw-Hill,1996.
[50]Daubechies I.Ten lectures on wavelets.Philadelphia,Pennsylvania,SIAM Mathematical Analysis,1992.
[51]Robertson C.Wavelets and electromagnetic power system transients.IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,1996,11(2):1050-1056.