RH-KTB深脱碳方法研究
摘要
随着科学技术的不断进步，超低碳冷轧薄板([C]≤30×10~(-6))广泛应用于汽车、家电、电子领域。众所周知，固溶碳严重影响了钢的深冲性能，为了得到表面质量和加工性能良好的冷轧薄板钢，必须降低钢中固溶碳含量。为了满足市场对冷轧薄板钢需求量的不断增加和连续退火工艺要求，超低碳钢生产也在不断增加。
超低碳钢的需求量越来越大，确定一种有效的精炼脱碳工艺变得极为重要。传统的RH(真空循环脱气法)是仅以未脱氧钢中含氧量来真空脱碳的冶炼方法，带来了转炉出钢温度高、真空精炼时间长、产品缺陷比率高等问题。RH-KTB(真空顶吹氧脱碳技术)的出现将传统的RH脱碳技术推向了一个新的阶段。RH-KTB是利用水冷氧枪向真空室内的钢液面吹氧，这样可以方便的从反应系外供给真空脱碳所需的氧。不仅促使了高碳钢水的脱碳反应，而且由于在真空室内发生的CO气体的二次燃烧反应放热，可以补偿钢液温度的损失。大大地降低了制造成本，稳定地提高了产品质量。
武钢是国内应用RH-KTB生产超低碳钢的厂家之一。但在实际生产中，要想稳定快速地将碳脱至超低碳含量范围并非易事。通过对RH-KTB脱碳反应机理及速率方程的综合研究，分析讨论了初始碳含量、顶吹氧、真空度、循环流量、供氧参数 等因素对RH-KTB脱碳速率的影响，为武钢二炼钢提供了利用RH-KTB生产超低碳钢工艺。通过了三轮的现场试验，在RH-KTB精炼结束后，钢中碳含量均能控制在15×10~(-6)以内。试验结果表明，采用本实验工艺生产超低碳钢取得了预定的效果。
With the development of science and technology, the ultra-low carbon cold rolled steel sheets(with a carbon content of less than 30 10-6) have been thoroughly used in automobile and home electric appliance industries. It is well know that the carbon content of steel has significant effect on the deep punching properties of steel that is an important index for this steel grade. To meet uninterruptedly increasing in the demand for the cold rolled steel sheets and to meet the technological demand of continuous annealing, the production of ultra-low carbon steel is increasing.
With the increased demand for ultra-low carbon steel, it becomes essential to establish an effective refining process. The conventional RH(Ruhrstahl-Heraeus) processes which has been applied to produce ultra-low carbon steel occurs many problems, such as high temperature of molten steel, long time of refining in RH, high rate of inferior product. The exploitation of RH-KTB(Ruhrstahl-Heraeus-Kawasaki top blowing) processes promote progress of RH.
In the RH-KTB process developed to manufacture low and ultra-low carbon steel, oxygen gas is blown onto the molten steel surface through a top lance from the top of the vacuum vessel. RH-KTB which is enabled to increase the decarburization rate, as well as raise the temperature of molten steel and adjust the composition and others from simply degassing,
WISCO is one of the internal main steel companies which produce ultra-low carbon with RH-KTB processes. But in practice, it is not easy to product steadily ultra-low carbon steel.
By generally study decarburization reaction mechanism and the rate equation of the decarburization reaction, analysis effect of factors on the decarburization. These factors include initial composition of liquid steel, pressure in the chamber, circulation rate of the molten steel, lifting Ar gas flowrate, inner diameter of the snorkel and the other operating factors.
We provide technics on producing ultra-low carbon steel utilizing RH-KTB to WISCO. The results of three times trial indicate that the carbon content of steel can be less than 15 10-6 after refining. Scheduled purpose is reached, which proves the technics is viable.
超低碳钢的需求量越来越大，确定一种有效的精炼脱碳工艺变得极为重要。传统的RH(真空循环脱气法)是仅以未脱氧钢中含氧量来真空脱碳的冶炼方法，带来了转炉出钢温度高、真空精炼时间长、产品缺陷比率高等问题。RH-KTB(真空顶吹氧脱碳技术)的出现将传统的RH脱碳技术推向了一个新的阶段。RH-KTB是利用水冷氧枪向真空室内的钢液面吹氧，这样可以方便的从反应系外供给真空脱碳所需的氧。不仅促使了高碳钢水的脱碳反应，而且由于在真空室内发生的CO气体的二次燃烧反应放热，可以补偿钢液温度的损失。大大地降低了制造成本，稳定地提高了产品质量。
武钢是国内应用RH-KTB生产超低碳钢的厂家之一。但在实际生产中，要想稳定快速地将碳脱至超低碳含量范围并非易事。通过对RH-KTB脱碳反应机理及速率方程的综合研究，分析讨论了初始碳含量、顶吹氧、真空度、循环流量、供氧参数 等因素对RH-KTB脱碳速率的影响，为武钢二炼钢提供了利用RH-KTB生产超低碳钢工艺。通过了三轮的现场试验，在RH-KTB精炼结束后，钢中碳含量均能控制在15×10~(-6)以内。试验结果表明，采用本实验工艺生产超低碳钢取得了预定的效果。
With the development of science and technology, the ultra-low carbon cold rolled steel sheets(with a carbon content of less than 30 10-6) have been thoroughly used in automobile and home electric appliance industries. It is well know that the carbon content of steel has significant effect on the deep punching properties of steel that is an important index for this steel grade. To meet uninterruptedly increasing in the demand for the cold rolled steel sheets and to meet the technological demand of continuous annealing, the production of ultra-low carbon steel is increasing.
With the increased demand for ultra-low carbon steel, it becomes essential to establish an effective refining process. The conventional RH(Ruhrstahl-Heraeus) processes which has been applied to produce ultra-low carbon steel occurs many problems, such as high temperature of molten steel, long time of refining in RH, high rate of inferior product. The exploitation of RH-KTB(Ruhrstahl-Heraeus-Kawasaki top blowing) processes promote progress of RH.
In the RH-KTB process developed to manufacture low and ultra-low carbon steel, oxygen gas is blown onto the molten steel surface through a top lance from the top of the vacuum vessel. RH-KTB which is enabled to increase the decarburization rate, as well as raise the temperature of molten steel and adjust the composition and others from simply degassing,
WISCO is one of the internal main steel companies which produce ultra-low carbon with RH-KTB processes. But in practice, it is not easy to product steadily ultra-low carbon steel.
By generally study decarburization reaction mechanism and the rate equation of the decarburization reaction, analysis effect of factors on the decarburization. These factors include initial composition of liquid steel, pressure in the chamber, circulation rate of the molten steel, lifting Ar gas flowrate, inner diameter of the snorkel and the other operating factors.
We provide technics on producing ultra-low carbon steel utilizing RH-KTB to WISCO. The results of three times trial indicate that the carbon content of steel can be less than 15 10-6 after refining. Scheduled purpose is reached, which proves the technics is viable.
引文
[1] 吴骏，林纲，李京社．超低碳钢的冶炼技术．特殊钢，1996，17(2)：30-34．
[2] 曲英．炼钢学原理．北京：冶金工业出版社，1987．
[3] Larry Janicsek. Sampling and Analysis of ultra low Carbon Steel. Steelmaking conference proceedings, 1990. 111-113.
[4] Hideyudi Ohma. Some Improvements for Making Ultra low Sulfur and Carbon Steels in LF Process. Steelmaking conference proceedings, 1986. 327-333.
[5] 蒋国昌．纯净钢及二次精炼(第一版)．上海科学技术出版社，1996．
[6] John R. Steel Refining and Product Quality then and now. Steelmaking conference proceedings, 1992. 67-80.
[7] Mamoru suda. The Advanced Mass Production of Ultr Low Carbon Steel at KSCS MIZUSHIMA works. Steelmaking conference proceedings, 1992. 229-232.
[8] 崔德理，王先进，金山同．超低碳钢的历史与发展．钢铁研究，1994，(5)：50-60．
[9] 王先进，崔德理，唐荻．超深冲“无间隙原子钢”的进展．钢铁，1990，25(6)：61-65．
[10] 王书桓，金山同．转炉-RH双联工艺冶炼无间隙原子钢技术的发展．河北理工学院学报，1998，20(1)：17-23．
[11] 赵沛．合金钢冶炼(第一版)．北京：冶金工业出版社，1994．
[12] 何忠治．电工钢的现状与展望．中国冶金，2001，(4)：14-16．
[13] 李军，杜炳坤．无取向硅钢薄带的研究．金属功能材料，1997，(2)：79-82．
[14] 日本钢铁协会．钢材的性能与试验(中泽本)．上海：科学技术出版社，1981．
[15] 李红梅．电工钢磁时效研究．山西机械，2000，(2)：58-60．
[16] 殷瑞钰．钢的质量现代进展(下篇)．北京：冶金工业出版社，1995．
[17] 吴光亮，刘润藻，李士琦．高炉转炉流程生产洁净钢工艺优化研究．湖南冶金，2003，31(1)：7-11．
[18] 王建国，朱世昌．国外RH法生产超低碳钢的现状．重型机械，1993，(6)：14-22．
[19] 良二，政道．高级钢管及薄板用高纯度钢的生产方法．国外钢铁译文集，1992，(3)：100-107．
[20] 萧忠敏．武钢炼钢生产技术进步概况(第一版)．北京：冶金工业出版社，2003．
[21] 崔令江．汽车冲压件用IF钢．重型汽车，1997，(3)：21-23．
[22] 马衍伟，王先进．超深冲IF钢研究的最新进展．钢铁，1998，33(4)：65-69．
[23] 李殿魁．汽车工业用钢和功能材料的现状与发展趋势．上海金属，1997，19(6)：9-14．
[24] 何崇智，张倩，张志军．高n、r值超低碳无间隙原子钢的研究．钢铁，1997，32(11)：51-54．
[25] 马鸣图．我国汽车钢板研究与应用．钢铁，2001，36(8)：64-69．
[26] 王利．汽车高强度IF薄刨板．宝钢技术，1997，(1)：58-61．
[27] 王章中．新型外压用钢的开发与展望．机械工程材料，2003，27(3)：45-47．
[28] 张译中，朱文英．冷轧晶粒取向硅钢的生产及市场动态分析．上海金属，2002，24(6)：28-31．
[29] 马普生，张富强．鞍钢开发冷轧电工钢的探讨．鞍钢技术，2002，(2)：24-30．
[30] 王文．荫罩及内磁屏蔽钢带的国产化．轧钢，1997，(1)：9-12．
[31] 伏雪峰，金山同．超低碳清洁钢生产工艺及现状．四川冶金，1997，(1)：38-41．
[32] Douglas A. Start up of the first RH-OB vacuum degasser in north America(inland st.co). Steelmaking conference, 1988. 299-303.
[33] H. Kobayashi. Start up of KTB(oxygen top blowing in RH) at national steel great lakes division. Steelmaking conference, 1995, 78(1): 87-90.
[34] Douglas R. AK steel's RH degasser Process improvements to achieve production rates of 100,000 tons per month and sequences lengths over 85 heats. Steelmaking conference, 1995, 78(1): 91-95.
[35] M. Nadlf. Production of ultra-low carbon steels at sollac Dunkirk(france). Steelmaking conference, 1998. 227-301.
[36] 解道恒．用RH发生产超低碳钢．钢铁研究，1992，(2)：47-54．
[37] 刘浏，刘文全．RH-KTB真空吹氧脱碳与二次燃烧的热力学．东北大学学报，1998，19(1)：13-16．
[38] 黄希祜．钢铁冶金原理(第二版)．北京：冶金工业出版社，1990．
[39] 樋口，善彦．[C]、[O]及真空度对RH真空脱碳的影响．世界钢铁，1999(4)：39-44．
[40] T. Obana, H. Lkenaga, M. Tanaka, K. Yoshida. Recent progress in the RH operation at the kashima steelworks. I&SM, 1990. 21-26.
[41] Shigeru INOUE, Yoshikazu URUNO. Acceleration of decarburization in RH vacuum degassing process. ISIJ Int, 1992, 32(1): 120-125.
[42] 区铁，周文英．环流式真空脱气装置的脱碳反应速率．金属学报，1999，35(7)：735-738．
[43] Koji YAMAGUCHI．超低碳的精炼条件对RH脱碳反应的影响．国外钢铁译文集，1994，(1)：53-63．
[44] M. Yano, S. Kitamura, K. Azuma. Improvement of RH refining technology for the production of ultra low carbon and low nitrogen steel. Steelmaking conference, 1994, 77(1): 117-119.
[45] K．Kameyama．采用真空室氧气顶吹技术的KTB法进行超低碳钢的大批量生产．上海冶金设计，1993，(1)：47-53．
[46] H．Ishizuka．千叶厂第三炼钢车间改进炼钢工艺生产超低碳钢．国外钢铁译文集，1994，(1)：1．
[47] 江原．KTB法在世界各公司的应用效果和发展．武钢技术，1998，(2)：15．
[48] 蒋士谊．台湾中钢公司二炼钢厂IF钢的开发与改进．第8界全国炼钢学术会议境外专家论文集．16-22．
[49] F．I．Haha．德国蒂森公司利用RH生产超低碳钢的实践．国外炉外精炼技术译文集(一)．81-85．
[50] 刘建功，张钊，刘良田．武钢RH多功能真空精炼技术开发．炼钢，1999，15(1)：3-7．
[51] 吕杏春(译)．钢水包真空除气时真空脱碳的操作结果．浙江冶金，1994，(1)：55-58．
[52] 植村建一郎．采用RH脱气法生产超低碳钢．国外钢铁，1992，(12)：25．
[53] Yasuo KISHIMOTO, Koji YAMAUCHI. Decarburization Reacation in Ultra Low Carbon Iron Melt Under Reduced Pressure. ISIJ Int, 1993, 33(3): 391-399.
[54] Saitoh T, Matsumoto H, Shinnozaki K. Vacuum decarburization rate at RH degasser. Rand D KOBE steel Engineering Reports, 1986, 36(1): 40-42.
[55] Kuwabara T, Umezawa K. Investigation of Decarburization Behavior in RH Reactor and Its Operation Improvement. Trans Iron Steel Inst Jpn, 1988, 28(4): 305-314.
[56] Yamaguchi K, Kishimoto Y. Effect on Refining Conditions for Ultra Low Carbon Steel on Decarburization Reaction in RH Degasser. ISIJ Int, 1992, 32(1): 126-135.
[57] 区铁．RH真空处理钢水循环流量的研究．炼钢，1993，9(1)：56-60．
[58] 区铁，刘建功．RH法钢水定向循环流量操作模型的研究．金属学报，1999．35(4)：411-415．
[59] WEI Jihe, YU Nengwen, Study on Flow and Mixing Characteristics of Motlen Steel in RH and RH-KTB Refining Processes. Journal of Shanghai University, 2002, 6(2): 167-175.
[60] 陈义胜，贺友多，苍大强等．KTB氧枪位置对RH真空室气体流动的影响．包头钢铁学院学报，2002，21(3)：237-241．
[2] 曲英．炼钢学原理．北京：冶金工业出版社，1987．
[3] Larry Janicsek. Sampling and Analysis of ultra low Carbon Steel. Steelmaking conference proceedings, 1990. 111-113.
[4] Hideyudi Ohma. Some Improvements for Making Ultra low Sulfur and Carbon Steels in LF Process. Steelmaking conference proceedings, 1986. 327-333.
[5] 蒋国昌．纯净钢及二次精炼(第一版)．上海科学技术出版社，1996．
[6] John R. Steel Refining and Product Quality then and now. Steelmaking conference proceedings, 1992. 67-80.
[7] Mamoru suda. The Advanced Mass Production of Ultr Low Carbon Steel at KSCS MIZUSHIMA works. Steelmaking conference proceedings, 1992. 229-232.
[8] 崔德理，王先进，金山同．超低碳钢的历史与发展．钢铁研究，1994，(5)：50-60．
[9] 王先进，崔德理，唐荻．超深冲“无间隙原子钢”的进展．钢铁，1990，25(6)：61-65．
[10] 王书桓，金山同．转炉-RH双联工艺冶炼无间隙原子钢技术的发展．河北理工学院学报，1998，20(1)：17-23．
[11] 赵沛．合金钢冶炼(第一版)．北京：冶金工业出版社，1994．
[12] 何忠治．电工钢的现状与展望．中国冶金，2001，(4)：14-16．
[13] 李军，杜炳坤．无取向硅钢薄带的研究．金属功能材料，1997，(2)：79-82．
[14] 日本钢铁协会．钢材的性能与试验(中泽本)．上海：科学技术出版社，1981．
[15] 李红梅．电工钢磁时效研究．山西机械，2000，(2)：58-60．
[16] 殷瑞钰．钢的质量现代进展(下篇)．北京：冶金工业出版社，1995．
[17] 吴光亮，刘润藻，李士琦．高炉转炉流程生产洁净钢工艺优化研究．湖南冶金，2003，31(1)：7-11．
[18] 王建国，朱世昌．国外RH法生产超低碳钢的现状．重型机械，1993，(6)：14-22．
[19] 良二，政道．高级钢管及薄板用高纯度钢的生产方法．国外钢铁译文集，1992，(3)：100-107．
[20] 萧忠敏．武钢炼钢生产技术进步概况(第一版)．北京：冶金工业出版社，2003．
[21] 崔令江．汽车冲压件用IF钢．重型汽车，1997，(3)：21-23．
[22] 马衍伟，王先进．超深冲IF钢研究的最新进展．钢铁，1998，33(4)：65-69．
[23] 李殿魁．汽车工业用钢和功能材料的现状与发展趋势．上海金属，1997，19(6)：9-14．
[24] 何崇智，张倩，张志军．高n、r值超低碳无间隙原子钢的研究．钢铁，1997，32(11)：51-54．
[25] 马鸣图．我国汽车钢板研究与应用．钢铁，2001，36(8)：64-69．
[26] 王利．汽车高强度IF薄刨板．宝钢技术，1997，(1)：58-61．
[27] 王章中．新型外压用钢的开发与展望．机械工程材料，2003，27(3)：45-47．
[28] 张译中，朱文英．冷轧晶粒取向硅钢的生产及市场动态分析．上海金属，2002，24(6)：28-31．
[29] 马普生，张富强．鞍钢开发冷轧电工钢的探讨．鞍钢技术，2002，(2)：24-30．
[30] 王文．荫罩及内磁屏蔽钢带的国产化．轧钢，1997，(1)：9-12．
[31] 伏雪峰，金山同．超低碳清洁钢生产工艺及现状．四川冶金，1997，(1)：38-41．
[32] Douglas A. Start up of the first RH-OB vacuum degasser in north America(inland st.co). Steelmaking conference, 1988. 299-303.
[33] H. Kobayashi. Start up of KTB(oxygen top blowing in RH) at national steel great lakes division. Steelmaking conference, 1995, 78(1): 87-90.
[34] Douglas R. AK steel's RH degasser Process improvements to achieve production rates of 100,000 tons per month and sequences lengths over 85 heats. Steelmaking conference, 1995, 78(1): 91-95.
[35] M. Nadlf. Production of ultra-low carbon steels at sollac Dunkirk(france). Steelmaking conference, 1998. 227-301.
[36] 解道恒．用RH发生产超低碳钢．钢铁研究，1992，(2)：47-54．
[37] 刘浏，刘文全．RH-KTB真空吹氧脱碳与二次燃烧的热力学．东北大学学报，1998，19(1)：13-16．
[38] 黄希祜．钢铁冶金原理(第二版)．北京：冶金工业出版社，1990．
[39] 樋口，善彦．[C]、[O]及真空度对RH真空脱碳的影响．世界钢铁，1999(4)：39-44．
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