复合生物膜物理形态测试及参数表征
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摘要
生物膜法废水处理技术是废水处理的主要技术手段之一。微生物能否在反应器内有效的挂膜生长是生物膜法处理废水的关键因素。生物膜的组成、形态以及微生物的空间分布决定微生物在反应器内能否实现有效挂膜,并维持稳定运行。
本文以人工合成废水为处理对象,考察了两种生物膜反应器内复合生物膜的生物膜量、生物膜特性、生物膜结构和形态等的变化,主要内容有：
(1)建立了一套升流式生物膜反应器(UFBR)实验装置,采用悬挂式弹性立体载体,对挂膜过程进行了实验研究；考察了不同进水浓度、不同水力停留时间以及不同曝气量条件下,反应器处理效果以及生物膜特性的变化情况,分析了生物膜的适宜生长条件。
(2)建立了一套序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR)实验装置,测试了不同进水COD/N比条件下的3个反应器的运行参数,研究生物膜培养过程中生物膜的生长情况,包括生物膜量、生物膜特性、生物膜化学组成、生物膜含水率等参数的变化,分析各个反应器中生物膜的生长规律；重点对反应器中氮组分进行了监测,分析异养菌、硝化细菌以及反硝化细菌在生物膜中的分布状况。
(3)用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对序批式生物膜反应器中的复合生物膜结构进行了测试,结果表明,生物膜呈现多孔结构,主要由球状、椭球状、杆状微生物以及胞外聚合物组成。
(4)利用Origin8拟合软件对生物膜量的变化规律进行了研究,得出了生物膜量随运行时间的变化曲线。当进水COD/N=10时,反应器中所获得生物膜的生物膜量最小,单位重量生物膜的活性最大,表明其传质过程不受限制。
Biofilm wastewater processing is one of the main waste water treatment technology. Whether microorganisms in the reactor can effectively form biofilm is a key factor in biofilm wastewater processing. Biofilm composition, biofilm morphology and the spatial distribution of microorganisms in the reactor determine the effective biofilm formation, and to maintain stable operation.
The variation of quantity, property, structure and morphology of the biofilm with the reactor operation parameters in two sets of biofilm reactor treating synthetic wastewater were studied in this thesis. The main contents include:
(1) The experimental set-up of up-flow biofilm reactor (UFBR) used hanging flexible three-dimensional carrier is built, and the formation process of biofilm on the carrier is investigated under different influent concentration, hydraulic retention time and aeration.In addition, the variation of biofilm characteristics are investigated, and the biofilm suitable growing conditions are analyzed.
(2) The experimental set-up of sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) is built. The biofilm growth situation is investigated with parallel operation of three reactors in different COD/N influent conditions. The process of biofilm growth, including the variation of quantity, property, chemical composition and moisture content. The growth rule of biofilm is analyzed. The change of nitrogen compounds concentration and the distribution of heterotrophic bacteria, denitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria are mainly analyzed.
(3) The structure of complex biofilm formed in sequencing batch biofilm reactor is observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), the results show that the hole structure is found, and biofilm is mainly formed by sphere, ellipsoidal, lever microbial and exocellular polymer.
(4) Variation regularity of biofilm quantity in sequencing batch biofilm reactor is fitted by Origin8 fitting software, and the fitting equations is got. The biofilm quantity is smallest and biological activity is highest, indicating that the mass transfer process is not limited in the biofilm when the influent COD/N is 10.
本文以人工合成废水为处理对象,考察了两种生物膜反应器内复合生物膜的生物膜量、生物膜特性、生物膜结构和形态等的变化,主要内容有：
(1)建立了一套升流式生物膜反应器(UFBR)实验装置,采用悬挂式弹性立体载体,对挂膜过程进行了实验研究；考察了不同进水浓度、不同水力停留时间以及不同曝气量条件下,反应器处理效果以及生物膜特性的变化情况,分析了生物膜的适宜生长条件。
(2)建立了一套序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR)实验装置,测试了不同进水COD/N比条件下的3个反应器的运行参数,研究生物膜培养过程中生物膜的生长情况,包括生物膜量、生物膜特性、生物膜化学组成、生物膜含水率等参数的变化,分析各个反应器中生物膜的生长规律；重点对反应器中氮组分进行了监测,分析异养菌、硝化细菌以及反硝化细菌在生物膜中的分布状况。
(3)用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对序批式生物膜反应器中的复合生物膜结构进行了测试,结果表明,生物膜呈现多孔结构,主要由球状、椭球状、杆状微生物以及胞外聚合物组成。
(4)利用Origin8拟合软件对生物膜量的变化规律进行了研究,得出了生物膜量随运行时间的变化曲线。当进水COD/N=10时,反应器中所获得生物膜的生物膜量最小,单位重量生物膜的活性最大,表明其传质过程不受限制。
Biofilm wastewater processing is one of the main waste water treatment technology. Whether microorganisms in the reactor can effectively form biofilm is a key factor in biofilm wastewater processing. Biofilm composition, biofilm morphology and the spatial distribution of microorganisms in the reactor determine the effective biofilm formation, and to maintain stable operation.
The variation of quantity, property, structure and morphology of the biofilm with the reactor operation parameters in two sets of biofilm reactor treating synthetic wastewater were studied in this thesis. The main contents include:
(1) The experimental set-up of up-flow biofilm reactor (UFBR) used hanging flexible three-dimensional carrier is built, and the formation process of biofilm on the carrier is investigated under different influent concentration, hydraulic retention time and aeration.In addition, the variation of biofilm characteristics are investigated, and the biofilm suitable growing conditions are analyzed.
(2) The experimental set-up of sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) is built. The biofilm growth situation is investigated with parallel operation of three reactors in different COD/N influent conditions. The process of biofilm growth, including the variation of quantity, property, chemical composition and moisture content. The growth rule of biofilm is analyzed. The change of nitrogen compounds concentration and the distribution of heterotrophic bacteria, denitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria are mainly analyzed.
(3) The structure of complex biofilm formed in sequencing batch biofilm reactor is observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), the results show that the hole structure is found, and biofilm is mainly formed by sphere, ellipsoidal, lever microbial and exocellular polymer.
(4) Variation regularity of biofilm quantity in sequencing batch biofilm reactor is fitted by Origin8 fitting software, and the fitting equations is got. The biofilm quantity is smallest and biological activity is highest, indicating that the mass transfer process is not limited in the biofilm when the influent COD/N is 10.
引文
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[4]郝晓地.可持续污水-废物处理技术[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2006.
[5]韩晓云.低温生物膜及其微生物特性的研究[M].哈尔滨：黑龙江大学出版社,2008.
[6]杨平.聚合物载体流化床反应器生物颗粒特性及焦化废水流化床系统生物脱氮研究[D].成都：四川大学,2002.
[7]刘雨,赵庆良,郑兴灿编著.生物膜法污水处理技术[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2000.
[8]包涵.膜曝气生物膜反应器单级自养脱氮功能型菌群特性研究[D].大连：辽宁师范大学2009.
[9]Saren Brand, et al. Biologieal Removals of Nitrogen in Toxie Industrial Efflents, High in Ammonia. Wat Sci Tech,1994,29(9),231-240.
[10]张秀红,周集体,郭海燕,等.生物膜反应器脱氮性能及其硝化细菌的研究[J].化工环境,2007,27(3)：209-213.
[11]曹防,王增长.SBBR工艺发展与应用综述[J].科学情报开发与经济,2006,16(1)：147-148.
[12]王乾扬,方士,陈国喜,等.膜法SBR工艺处理皮革废水研究[J].中国给水排水,1997,15(3)：54-56.
[13]吴立波,等.复合反应器对焦化废水中典型污染物处理特性的研究[J].给水排水,1999,25(2)：40-43.
[14]FangH. Removal of COD and nitrogen in wastewater using sequencing batch reactor with fibrous packing[J]. Wat. Sci. Tech,1993,28(7):125-131.
[15]蒋战洪.污水处理用填料的种类、性能和发展趋势[J].环境污染与防治,1994,16(4)：13-16.
[16]李杰.新型生物载体的制备、表征及其在废水生物处理中的应用基础研究[D].西安：西安建筑科技大学,2008.
[17]金冬霞,田刚,施汉昌.悬浮填料的选取及其性能实验研究[J].环境科学学报,2002,22(3)：333-337.
[18]梅翔.微污染水源微生物接触氧化处理工艺中几种填料处理效果的初步比较[J].给水排水,1999,25(5)：1-3.
[19]Beyenal, H., Seker, S., Tanyolac, A., Salih, B.,1997. Diffusion coeffcients of phenol and oxygen in a biofilm of Pseudomonas putida. AIChE J.43,243-25.
[20]De Beer D, Stoodley P. Roe F, et al. Biotechnology and Bioengineering,1994,43(11), 1131-1138.
[21]邱玉琴,周小红,施汉昌.废水生物膜动力学参数的研究方法[J].中国环境科学,2008,28(8)：679-682.
[22]Bouwer E J. Water Research,1987,21:1489-1498.
[23]孟千秋.溶解氧和铵微电极的研制及在生物膜中的应用研究[D].西安：西安建筑科技大学,2008.
[24]S. Comte, G. Guibaud, M. Baudu. Relations between extraction protocols for activated sludge extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and EPS complexation properties Part I. Comparison of the efficiency of eight EPS extraction methods. Enzyme and Microbial Technology,38(2006),237-245.
[25]蒋巍,刘艳杰,钟方丽.生物膜胞外聚合物在废水处理中的作用[J].天津化工,2001,6：36-37.
[26]唐家昌,刘云根.饮用水系统生物膜形成和控制研究进展[J].环境科学导刊,2009,28(5)：3-6.
[27]迟祥.废水处理内环流固定床生物膜反应器性能研究[D].大连：大连理工大学,2006.
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