重载列车拨车机系统动态仿真及动力参数分析
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摘要
本文旨在参考现有的比较成熟的动力学分析方法及车辆计算理论,主要是机械系统振动理论、刚体动力学理论以及车辆-轨道耦合动力学,建立重载列车仿真及拨车机系统牵引过程的动态模型,给出详细的求解方法。对拨车机承受载荷、功率校核分析,并对其关键部件进行有限元分析,为拨车机系统参数选择提供参考。
首先在参考大量国内外相关资料数据的基础上,进行了牵引超长货车车列运行的阻力分析,包括基本阻力和附加阻力分析。对基本阻力分析部分着重分析了轮轨之间的摩擦阻力和轮对的轴承摩擦。附加阻力分析包括坡道附加阻力分析、曲线附加阻力分析和空气附加阻力分析,并在现有理论基础上,给出了超长重载货车牵引的动力学模型,输入相关入口参数,进行模型处理,然后将转化之后的数学模型用MATLAB语言进行编程计算,输出牵引时的相对位移曲线。
其次输入车辆参数,定义约束载荷,利用三维软件Pro/E实体建模并模拟仿真,输出加速度曲线。用Visual Basic编程计算,求解基本阻力,进而求解拨车臂所需的最大动态反力。对重载列车纵向冲动进行分析,研究其对列车稳定性影响及产生机理,并对冲击波特性进行剖析,从而找到列车纵向作用力产生的根本原因。
最后根据仿真结果,输入相关参数,对拨车机载荷、功率进行分析校核,并对功率匹配进行讨论,寻求电机功率及结构等参数的最优解,进而为拨车机的参数选择提供理论依据。针对拨车机工作过程中承载复杂的构件进行载荷分析,并利用ANSYS软件进行有限元分析。
The purpose of this paper is to deduce a dynamical system simulation model for traction vehicle using some mature theories such as dynamical analytical method and vehicle calculated theory which contains the mechanical system vibration theory, the rigid-body dynamics theory and the wheel-track coupling dynamics, and the detailed solving method is given.Receive load and power check up analytical for train tractor, and finity element analysis for key parts. All these above offer a reference for the parameter selection.
Firstly, the resistance analysis of lengthy heavy freight car which contains the basic resistance and the odditional resistance is given in the light of many coherent data domestic and abroad. Datum drag analysis contains the wheel-track friction drag and the bearing drag. Odditional resistance analysis comprises the ramp-way additional resistance, the curve resistance and the air friction. And Dynamical system simulation model for traction vehicle of lengthy heavy freight car is then given based on the theory present. Then the correlative portal parameter is input, the model is processed and changed to a mathematical model, the opposite displacement curve can be get after using MATLAB to programming.
Secondly, we input voiture parameter and define restriction load. Then full-scale mock-up is moded with Pro/E and simulate, and acceleration curve can be exported. Using Visual Basic programming calculation,we can calculate basic resistance and then calculate the want most dynamic force of arms of train tractor. Thereby,we can find out the radical reason which is caused by train portrait force by analyzing heavy-duty power train lengthways uprush, studying the effect of stability of train caused by it and anatomying its shock wave features.
Finally, according to the simulation result, we input correlation parameter, then analyse and proofread the load and the power of train tractor, and discuss the frequency power matching, accordinglg, seeks optimum solutions of the electric motor parametric such as power and structure,then provides the theory basis for the parameter choice of train tractor. Then we carry on loads analysis to the component beared the weight of complexity in the traction vehicle working process, and progress finite element analysis by using ANSYS software.
首先在参考大量国内外相关资料数据的基础上,进行了牵引超长货车车列运行的阻力分析,包括基本阻力和附加阻力分析。对基本阻力分析部分着重分析了轮轨之间的摩擦阻力和轮对的轴承摩擦。附加阻力分析包括坡道附加阻力分析、曲线附加阻力分析和空气附加阻力分析,并在现有理论基础上,给出了超长重载货车牵引的动力学模型,输入相关入口参数,进行模型处理,然后将转化之后的数学模型用MATLAB语言进行编程计算,输出牵引时的相对位移曲线。
其次输入车辆参数,定义约束载荷,利用三维软件Pro/E实体建模并模拟仿真,输出加速度曲线。用Visual Basic编程计算,求解基本阻力,进而求解拨车臂所需的最大动态反力。对重载列车纵向冲动进行分析,研究其对列车稳定性影响及产生机理,并对冲击波特性进行剖析,从而找到列车纵向作用力产生的根本原因。
最后根据仿真结果,输入相关参数,对拨车机载荷、功率进行分析校核,并对功率匹配进行讨论,寻求电机功率及结构等参数的最优解,进而为拨车机的参数选择提供理论依据。针对拨车机工作过程中承载复杂的构件进行载荷分析,并利用ANSYS软件进行有限元分析。
The purpose of this paper is to deduce a dynamical system simulation model for traction vehicle using some mature theories such as dynamical analytical method and vehicle calculated theory which contains the mechanical system vibration theory, the rigid-body dynamics theory and the wheel-track coupling dynamics, and the detailed solving method is given.Receive load and power check up analytical for train tractor, and finity element analysis for key parts. All these above offer a reference for the parameter selection.
Firstly, the resistance analysis of lengthy heavy freight car which contains the basic resistance and the odditional resistance is given in the light of many coherent data domestic and abroad. Datum drag analysis contains the wheel-track friction drag and the bearing drag. Odditional resistance analysis comprises the ramp-way additional resistance, the curve resistance and the air friction. And Dynamical system simulation model for traction vehicle of lengthy heavy freight car is then given based on the theory present. Then the correlative portal parameter is input, the model is processed and changed to a mathematical model, the opposite displacement curve can be get after using MATLAB to programming.
Secondly, we input voiture parameter and define restriction load. Then full-scale mock-up is moded with Pro/E and simulate, and acceleration curve can be exported. Using Visual Basic programming calculation,we can calculate basic resistance and then calculate the want most dynamic force of arms of train tractor. Thereby,we can find out the radical reason which is caused by train portrait force by analyzing heavy-duty power train lengthways uprush, studying the effect of stability of train caused by it and anatomying its shock wave features.
Finally, according to the simulation result, we input correlation parameter, then analyse and proofread the load and the power of train tractor, and discuss the frequency power matching, accordinglg, seeks optimum solutions of the electric motor parametric such as power and structure,then provides the theory basis for the parameter choice of train tractor. Then we carry on loads analysis to the component beared the weight of complexity in the traction vehicle working process, and progress finite element analysis by using ANSYS software.
引文
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2张卫华,翟婉明.第十七届国际车辆系统动力学会议简介.学术动态, 2001(3): 1-4
3刘峰,王志永.翻车机定位系统改造.港口装卸, 2005(5): 113-114
4王金福.秦四期翻车机卸车系统中的新技术.大重科技, 1999(1): 6-7
5翟婉明.国际铁道车辆系统动力学研究新进展.学术动态, 2003(4): 25-30
6 VISION. Railway System Simulation Software. http: //www. aeat. co. uk/rail. 2002
7 R Bowey. Research on Longitudinal Train Dynamics in Australia. Overseas equipment, 2004, 41(3): 2-6
8杨肇夏,毛保华,何天健.铁路运输模拟系统的现状与发展.北方交通大学学报,2002, 26(5): 1-3
9杜志强.仿真技术在汽车研发中的应用及发展趋势.上海汽车,2005(5): 36-38
10熊光楞,王克明,陈斌元,等.计算机仿真技术在轿车工业中的应用与发展.系统仿真学报,2004,16(1): 73-78
11 D. R. Ahlbeck. Effects of Track dynamic Impedance on Vehicle-Track Interactions. Supp. to V. S. D. vo1. 24
12贾书惠.刚体动力学.北京:高等教育出版社, 1987: 1-5,
13蒋伟.机械动力学分析.北京:中国传媒大学出版社,2005: 1-2
14陈乐生,王以伦.多刚体动力学基础.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社,1995: 69-71
15克罗拉,喻凡著.车辆动力学及其控制.北京:人民交通出版社,2004: 1-12
16 Lesyna W R. Sizing Industrial Rail Car Fleets Using Discrete-event Simulation. Proceedings of the 1999 Winter Simulation Conference. USA: Phoenix, 1999: 3-5
17饶忠.列车牵引计算.北京:中国铁道出版社, 1997: 28-37
18《列车牵引计算规程》编写组.列车牵引计算规程.北京:中国铁道出版社, 1983:10-17
19唐红度.滚动摩擦力计算中弹性滞后系数的确定.力学与实践, 2003(25): 1-3
20 J. Halling(英).摩擦学原理.上海交通大学摩擦学研究室, 1981: 46-179
21金学易等编著.隧道通风及隧道空气动力学.北京:中国铁道出版社, 1983: 10-83
22黄问盈,杨宁清,黄民.列车基本阻力的思考.中国铁道科学, 2000: 1-3
23张中央,孙中央.列车附加阻力计算中计入列车长度的辨析.铁道机车车辆, 2000(2): 2
24曾佑文.三转向架磁悬浮车几何曲线通过分析.西南交通大学学报, 2003(3): 2-3
25翟婉明.车辆—轨道耦合动力学.北京:中国铁道出版社, 1997: 1-50
26程海涛.长大货物列车制动时纵向动力学模型求解方法初探.铁道车辆, 1998: 1-3
27王桥医,陈海涛.高速重载列车制动运行工况动力学模型及其求解.株洲工学院学报, 2004: 1-3
28丁国富.机车车辆-轨道耦合动力学实时仿真模式研究.系统仿真学报, 2003,
15(2): 1-3。
29 Crolla D A. Off-road vehicle dynamics. Vehicle Systems Dynamics, 1981, 10(1): 253-266
30 Chieh Chen. Lateral Control of Commercial Heavy Vehicles. Vehicle System Dynamics, 2000(33): 391-420
31王福天.车辆系统动力学.北京:中国铁道出版社, 1994: 53-90
32精锐创作组. MATLAB 6.0科学运算完整解决方案.北京:人民邮电出版社, 2001: 129-220
33 John H.Mathews,Kurtis.Fink. Numerical Methods Using MATLAB.Third Edition. BEIJING:Publising House of Electronics Industry,2002:514-550
34 Magrab E. B. .An Engineer’s Guide to MATLAB. BEIJING:Publising House of Electronics Industry, 2006: 60-72
35 Potra F A. Implementation of Linear Multistep Methods for Solving Constrained Equations of Motion. SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 1993, 30(3): 774-788
36 Schiehlen. W. O Multibody System Dynamics-Roots and Perspectives. Multibody System Dynamics 1. 1997: 1-3
37 Shabana. A. A Flexible Multibody Dynamics: Review of Past and Recent Developments Multibody System Dynamics 1. 1997: 2-3
38 arg V. K. Rao V. Dukkipati. Dynamics of Railway Vehicle Systerms. NewYork: Academic Press, 1984: 25-80
39 hen G. Pratt I. . The Development of a Railway Dynamics Modeling and Simulation Package to Cater for Current Industrial trends. Journal of Rapid Transit, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F, 2001, 215(F3): 167-178
40荣涵锐,荣毅虹. AutoCAD三维图形在机械设计中的应用.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1999:5-8
41王利军等编著. AutoCAD 2008中文版基础教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2008:4-9
42 George Omura著. AutoCAD从入门到精通.北京:电子工业出版社,1998:7-10
43詹友刚. Pro/ENGINEER英文野火版教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2005:24-127
44符朝兴,焦洪宇. Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire3.0三维机械设计.北京:机械工业出版社,2008:4-6
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