门架式独立旋转单轮组径向动力转向架研究
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摘要
城市轨道交通凭借其运输能力大、高速准时、节约能源和空间、高安全性和环保性能受到了世界各大城市的青睐。构筑以轨道交通系统(地铁、轻轨、高架独轨交通等)为骨干的现代化综合交通体系将是解决城市发展面临的交通问题的基本途径。
城市轨道交通车辆作为城市轨道交通体系的直接运输工具,其必须符合各城市相应的特殊环境。而转向架是车辆系统的主要组成部分之一,它传递各种载荷,并利用轮轨间的黏着保持牵引力的产生。转向架结构性能的好坏,直接影响车辆的牵引性能、运行品质、轮轨的磨耗和列车的安全。
门架式径向动力转向架由一个非常规铁道车辆轮组、构架、驱动装置、基础制动装置和悬挂元件等构成。与常规转向架不同的是一台转向架是由一左右可以独立旋转轮组组成,并通过车体底部的一系列杠杆机构来调节前后转向架轮组摇头角度使其具有更好的曲线通过性能。
本文通过论证城市轨道交通转向架的发展及运用现状,结合现代城市轨道交通车辆技术和高速动车组技术,设计了门架式径向动力转向架方案。仔细分析了门架式径向动力转向架在直线运行工况以及曲线通过工况稳定性,初步摸清了径向调节机构的形式,并且得出了合理的结构参数。
运用铁道机车车辆动力学理论,本文建立了门架式径向动力转向架车组的动力学数学模型,并且运用SIMPACK软件建立车组模型,进行了动力学计算,得到了合理的悬挂参数以及径向调节装置结构参数。应用优化后的参数对车组性能进行了预测分析,得出了以下结论：
1消除蛇行运动,使车辆不再具有蛇行临界速度这一问题。常规轮对结构不可避免的存在轮对横向运动与摇头的耦合运动,我们称之为蛇行运动。而独立轮对左右车轮相互解耦,从根本上消除了产生蛇行运动的根源,因此具有很高的临界速度。
2门架式动力转向架其曲线通过性能非常好。其稳态下的各项性能指标均大大优于常规两轴转向架,并且能够在半径小于100m的曲线上实现迫导向。和常规两轴转向架一样,门架式动力转向架曲线通过与横向稳定性之间也存在着矛盾,表现为有关横向稳定性的悬挂参数调整时,转向架在曲线上达到稳态的过程不一样。
3门架式转向架的平稳性比较差,这主要是由于其所受激扰比常规两轴转向架大,构架承受轮对的全部激扰会传递给车体,而两轴转向架只传递一半,同时可能利用另一轮对相互抵消得更小。
总的来说,门架式转向架在城市轨道交通线路上的横向稳定性和平稳性均符合相关规定,其良好的曲线通过性能更是适合曲线多且半径小的城市轨道交通线路,而超低的地板高度特别适合乘客上下车,是一种很有发展前景的新型转向架。
The urban mass transit system has many characteristics such as high efficiency of transportation, high-speed, punctuality, economizing energy and space, high security and protecting environment, so it has gained favor of many cities of the world. To solve the traffic problems in developing cities, the basic way is to establish a modern integrated traffic system based on the railway trasit such as metro, light railway, monorail transit etc.
As the direct transport tools in the urban mass transit system, vehicles have to fit into the environment of each city. And the bogie is one of the major components of a vehicle, it transfer every kind of forces, and produce tractive force using adhesion force between wheel and rail. The performance criteria of a bogie determine directly the tractive effort, running quality, wheel-rail wear indices and security of the train.
The portal radical driving bogie is composed of special wheelsets, frame, driving mechanism, basic brake rigging and suspension components. The major difference between portal radical driving bogie and general two-axles bogie is that portal radical driving bogie has only two wheelsets, and regulate the shake angle of the approaching wheelsets,through a series of levers under the car floor.
This thesis is to introduce the development and status of single-axle bogie at first, then design a scheme of portal radical driving bogie, using modern technology of urban mass traffic and high-speed motor train unit. After analyzing the car's stability in straight line and curve pass line conditions, we have primarily found out the designing rules of radical regulate components,and got its reasonable designing parameters.
Via theories of rail vehicle dynamics, we build a mathematical model of portal radical driving bogie, and build a train unit model in the SIMPACK software, then execute dynamic calculating, get reasonable suspension parameters and parameters of radical regulate component. With the parameters, we have predicted the dynamic performance of train unit, and come to the conclusions following:
1 Eliminate the hunting movment and the car doesn't has the hunting movment critical velocity.Common bogie has couple movments of lateral movment and shaking inevitably of wheelsets, called hunting movment.But the left and right wheels of the independently rotating truck are not in couple,so it can fundamentally eliminate the hunting movment and get highly critical speed
2 The portal radical driving bogie's performance criteria of curve passing is excellent, its every criteria in steady-state is superior to conventional two-axle bogie, and it can be guided by radicalregulate components on the curves which radius is smaller than 120m. The same as general two-axle bogie, portal radical driving bogie's performance in hunting stability and curve passing is also in conflicting, when the parameters are in favor of hunting performance, the steady-state of curve passing need longer time, but all the final states of curve passing are the same.
3 Because portal radical driving bogie passes all excitations of rail to car body, two-axle bogie transfer only half, the disturbances in car body using portal radical driving bogie is more, so the single-axle bogie's smoothness is not good.
In total, the smoothness and lateral stability on the urban mass traffic rails of portal radical driving bogie have met the qualifications of interrelated standard, and it is very suitable for urban mass traffic lines which have many curves and most of which have small radius because of its predominant performance in curve passing. Own to the super low floor, it is convenient for people to get on and off. It is a new bogie at the glorious prospect.
城市轨道交通车辆作为城市轨道交通体系的直接运输工具,其必须符合各城市相应的特殊环境。而转向架是车辆系统的主要组成部分之一,它传递各种载荷,并利用轮轨间的黏着保持牵引力的产生。转向架结构性能的好坏,直接影响车辆的牵引性能、运行品质、轮轨的磨耗和列车的安全。
门架式径向动力转向架由一个非常规铁道车辆轮组、构架、驱动装置、基础制动装置和悬挂元件等构成。与常规转向架不同的是一台转向架是由一左右可以独立旋转轮组组成,并通过车体底部的一系列杠杆机构来调节前后转向架轮组摇头角度使其具有更好的曲线通过性能。
本文通过论证城市轨道交通转向架的发展及运用现状,结合现代城市轨道交通车辆技术和高速动车组技术,设计了门架式径向动力转向架方案。仔细分析了门架式径向动力转向架在直线运行工况以及曲线通过工况稳定性,初步摸清了径向调节机构的形式,并且得出了合理的结构参数。
运用铁道机车车辆动力学理论,本文建立了门架式径向动力转向架车组的动力学数学模型,并且运用SIMPACK软件建立车组模型,进行了动力学计算,得到了合理的悬挂参数以及径向调节装置结构参数。应用优化后的参数对车组性能进行了预测分析,得出了以下结论：
1消除蛇行运动,使车辆不再具有蛇行临界速度这一问题。常规轮对结构不可避免的存在轮对横向运动与摇头的耦合运动,我们称之为蛇行运动。而独立轮对左右车轮相互解耦,从根本上消除了产生蛇行运动的根源,因此具有很高的临界速度。
2门架式动力转向架其曲线通过性能非常好。其稳态下的各项性能指标均大大优于常规两轴转向架,并且能够在半径小于100m的曲线上实现迫导向。和常规两轴转向架一样,门架式动力转向架曲线通过与横向稳定性之间也存在着矛盾,表现为有关横向稳定性的悬挂参数调整时,转向架在曲线上达到稳态的过程不一样。
3门架式转向架的平稳性比较差,这主要是由于其所受激扰比常规两轴转向架大,构架承受轮对的全部激扰会传递给车体,而两轴转向架只传递一半,同时可能利用另一轮对相互抵消得更小。
总的来说,门架式转向架在城市轨道交通线路上的横向稳定性和平稳性均符合相关规定,其良好的曲线通过性能更是适合曲线多且半径小的城市轨道交通线路,而超低的地板高度特别适合乘客上下车,是一种很有发展前景的新型转向架。
The urban mass transit system has many characteristics such as high efficiency of transportation, high-speed, punctuality, economizing energy and space, high security and protecting environment, so it has gained favor of many cities of the world. To solve the traffic problems in developing cities, the basic way is to establish a modern integrated traffic system based on the railway trasit such as metro, light railway, monorail transit etc.
As the direct transport tools in the urban mass transit system, vehicles have to fit into the environment of each city. And the bogie is one of the major components of a vehicle, it transfer every kind of forces, and produce tractive force using adhesion force between wheel and rail. The performance criteria of a bogie determine directly the tractive effort, running quality, wheel-rail wear indices and security of the train.
The portal radical driving bogie is composed of special wheelsets, frame, driving mechanism, basic brake rigging and suspension components. The major difference between portal radical driving bogie and general two-axles bogie is that portal radical driving bogie has only two wheelsets, and regulate the shake angle of the approaching wheelsets,through a series of levers under the car floor.
This thesis is to introduce the development and status of single-axle bogie at first, then design a scheme of portal radical driving bogie, using modern technology of urban mass traffic and high-speed motor train unit. After analyzing the car's stability in straight line and curve pass line conditions, we have primarily found out the designing rules of radical regulate components,and got its reasonable designing parameters.
Via theories of rail vehicle dynamics, we build a mathematical model of portal radical driving bogie, and build a train unit model in the SIMPACK software, then execute dynamic calculating, get reasonable suspension parameters and parameters of radical regulate component. With the parameters, we have predicted the dynamic performance of train unit, and come to the conclusions following:
1 Eliminate the hunting movment and the car doesn't has the hunting movment critical velocity.Common bogie has couple movments of lateral movment and shaking inevitably of wheelsets, called hunting movment.But the left and right wheels of the independently rotating truck are not in couple,so it can fundamentally eliminate the hunting movment and get highly critical speed
2 The portal radical driving bogie's performance criteria of curve passing is excellent, its every criteria in steady-state is superior to conventional two-axle bogie, and it can be guided by radicalregulate components on the curves which radius is smaller than 120m. The same as general two-axle bogie, portal radical driving bogie's performance in hunting stability and curve passing is also in conflicting, when the parameters are in favor of hunting performance, the steady-state of curve passing need longer time, but all the final states of curve passing are the same.
3 Because portal radical driving bogie passes all excitations of rail to car body, two-axle bogie transfer only half, the disturbances in car body using portal radical driving bogie is more, so the single-axle bogie's smoothness is not good.
In total, the smoothness and lateral stability on the urban mass traffic rails of portal radical driving bogie have met the qualifications of interrelated standard, and it is very suitable for urban mass traffic lines which have many curves and most of which have small radius because of its predominant performance in curve passing. Own to the super low floor, it is convenient for people to get on and off. It is a new bogie at the glorious prospect.
引文
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[2]王伯铭.高速动车组总体及转向架.成都：西南交通大学出版社.2008.5
[3]Kisilowski J and KNothe K. Advanced Railway Vehicle Dynamics Wydawnictwa Nankowo-Tecniczne. Warsaw.1991
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[11]Noriaki TOKUDA, Isao OKAMOTO, Toyoshi FUJITA, Eisaku SATO, Hideo NAKAMURA, TOYOOKA, Makoto ISHIGE Nobuyuki WATANABE. Development of Gauge Change Bogies. QR of RTRI, Vol.44, No.3, Aug.2003
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[2]王伯铭.高速动车组总体及转向架.成都：西南交通大学出版社.2008.5
[3]Kisilowski J and KNothe K. Advanced Railway Vehicle Dynamics Wydawnictwa Nankowo-Tecniczne. Warsaw.1991
[4]翟婉明.车辆—轨道耦合动力学(第二版).北京：中国铁道出版社,2002虞大联.轻轨车辆新型转向架的设计研究.西南交通大学硕士论文.2004,10
[5]Rolf-Diete Rose. Die Entwicklung und Erprobung kurvengesteuerter Einzelradsatz-Fahrwerke "KERF". ZEV-Glas.1994,6
[6]虞大联,李芾,傅茂海.单轴转向架的发展和运用现状.国外铁道车辆.2004,8:1-8
[7]罗斌译,韩亮校.具有重大变革的新型Lirex列车.国外铁道车辆.2001.11
[8]O.Polach. Coupled single-axle running gears-a new radial steering design. Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit, ImechE,2002,216(F3):197-206
[9]Yoshihiro Suda,等(日),周闲全译.日本改进单轴转向架.国外铁道车辆.2003.1
[10]黄运华,赵小莉,卜继玲.城轨车辆单轴转向架关键技术综述.电力机车与城轨车辆.2007.7
[11]Noriaki TOKUDA, Isao OKAMOTO, Toyoshi FUJITA, Eisaku SATO, Hideo NAKAMURA, TOYOOKA, Makoto ISHIGE Nobuyuki WATANABE. Development of Gauge Change Bogies. QR of RTRI, Vol.44, No.3, Aug.2003
[12]陈泽深,王成国.铁道车辆动力学与控制.北京：中国铁道出版社,2004
[13]周庆瑞.新型城市轨道交通.北京：中国铁道出版社,2005
[14]刘绍勇.重庆跨座式单轨车辆转向架.现代城市轨道交通.2006.1
[15]鲍维千.内燃机车总体及走行部.北京：中国铁道出版社.2004
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