列车车轮擦伤的光学检测方法
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摘要
现代铁路交通运输飞速发展,特别是列车的运行速度、运载重量都大幅度的提高,如何保证列车运行的安全性是首要考虑的问题。车轮作为列车行走部件的重要部分,其踏面的擦伤是影响列车运行安全性和平稳性的重要因素,因此如何及时有效的检测出车轮踏面的擦伤是铁路部门一直密切关注和不断研究改进的课题。
本文通过调研大量国内外已有的擦伤检测方法,并分析其优劣性,最后采用了一种新型的车轮踏面擦伤检测方法。它是通过测量列车在运行过程中车轮踏面与钢轨接触时产生的冲击载荷引起的钢轨形变来检测车轮踏面擦伤。
本文首先介绍了该光学检测方法的工作原理及系统构成。接着介绍了该方法的基础原理——车辆-轨道垂向耦合动力学,介绍了各种车辆的与轨道的耦合模型,并重点分析了车轮踏面擦伤(如：扁平车轮、偏心车轮)所引起的轮轨垂向力的冲击响应；然后介绍了两种系统平台(基于CCD和基于PSD的平台)的硬件结构及系统实现,并对两种平台所测得的数据进行擦伤分析。重点分析了基于PSD的系统平台所测得的数据,包括扁平车轮和偏心车轮的数据分析。
最后利用基于PSD平台的一套设备对重庆到成都的列车轮对进行了测量与擦伤分析,通过对检测结果的多次复查,验证了该套设备的准确性。
With the rapid development of rail transport, especially the improving of speed and loading, how to ensure the safety of train is the primary consideration. The Wheel is one of the most important rolling components in the vehicle. The problem that how to measure the fault of the tread profile is concerned all along and Perpetual studied and improved. That is because the irregularities of tread profile are the key factor of influencing the safety and stabilization of running.
Through studying a large number of existing domestic and abrasion test methods, and analyzes their advantages and disadvantages, this paper advanced a new method of detecting the wheel tread. The principle of the project is that the wheel tread will generate the impact load that induce deformation of rail when the train running. Through detecting the deformation of rail, the defect of the wheel tread can be detected.
Firstly, this paper describes the principle and components of the system about the new optical method. Then introduces the basic principle of the method—Vehicle-Track Vertical Coupling Dynamics, listing a variety of vehicle and track coupling model and analyzing the response of the wheel/rail vertical dynamic forces caused by the defect (e.g.:flat wheels, eccentric wheels); After that, the paper introduces the structure and installation of two platform (based on CCD and PSD-based platform), and analyzes the measured data of the two kinds of platform. Especially analyzes the data of PSD platform, including the date of eccentric wheel and flat wheel.
Finally, a device based on PSD platform was installed on the railway of ChongQing—ChengDu. Using this device detect bullet train, then according the detect result check the defect on the wheel, sequentially demonstrate the exactitude of the equipment.
本文通过调研大量国内外已有的擦伤检测方法,并分析其优劣性,最后采用了一种新型的车轮踏面擦伤检测方法。它是通过测量列车在运行过程中车轮踏面与钢轨接触时产生的冲击载荷引起的钢轨形变来检测车轮踏面擦伤。
本文首先介绍了该光学检测方法的工作原理及系统构成。接着介绍了该方法的基础原理——车辆-轨道垂向耦合动力学,介绍了各种车辆的与轨道的耦合模型,并重点分析了车轮踏面擦伤(如：扁平车轮、偏心车轮)所引起的轮轨垂向力的冲击响应；然后介绍了两种系统平台(基于CCD和基于PSD的平台)的硬件结构及系统实现,并对两种平台所测得的数据进行擦伤分析。重点分析了基于PSD的系统平台所测得的数据,包括扁平车轮和偏心车轮的数据分析。
最后利用基于PSD平台的一套设备对重庆到成都的列车轮对进行了测量与擦伤分析,通过对检测结果的多次复查,验证了该套设备的准确性。
With the rapid development of rail transport, especially the improving of speed and loading, how to ensure the safety of train is the primary consideration. The Wheel is one of the most important rolling components in the vehicle. The problem that how to measure the fault of the tread profile is concerned all along and Perpetual studied and improved. That is because the irregularities of tread profile are the key factor of influencing the safety and stabilization of running.
Through studying a large number of existing domestic and abrasion test methods, and analyzes their advantages and disadvantages, this paper advanced a new method of detecting the wheel tread. The principle of the project is that the wheel tread will generate the impact load that induce deformation of rail when the train running. Through detecting the deformation of rail, the defect of the wheel tread can be detected.
Firstly, this paper describes the principle and components of the system about the new optical method. Then introduces the basic principle of the method—Vehicle-Track Vertical Coupling Dynamics, listing a variety of vehicle and track coupling model and analyzing the response of the wheel/rail vertical dynamic forces caused by the defect (e.g.:flat wheels, eccentric wheels); After that, the paper introduces the structure and installation of two platform (based on CCD and PSD-based platform), and analyzes the measured data of the two kinds of platform. Especially analyzes the data of PSD platform, including the date of eccentric wheel and flat wheel.
Finally, a device based on PSD platform was installed on the railway of ChongQing—ChengDu. Using this device detect bullet train, then according the detect result check the defect on the wheel, sequentially demonstrate the exactitude of the equipment.
引文
[1]翟婉明.车辆-轨道耦合动力学[M].科学出版社,2007
[2]翟婉明.车辆-轨道垂向系统的统一模型及其耦合动力学原理[J].铁道学报,1992
[3]陈果,翟婉明等.车辆-轨道耦合系统垂横模型及其验证[J].振动与冲击,2004(4)
[4]陈果.车辆-轨道耦合系统随机振动分析[D].西南交通大学博士学位论文,2000
[5]练松良.轨道动力学[M].同济大学出版社,2003
[6]王其昌.车轮扁疤冲击分析[J].西南交通大学学报,1991
[7]姜涛、孙守光.车轮扁疤动力冲击的仿真研究及其检测原理[J].铁道车辆,1998
[8]翟婉明.高速列车-轨道垂向耦合动力学的研究[J].铁道学报,1997
[9]翟婉明.高速铁路轮轨冲击振动的特征及其控制原理[J].铁道学报,1995:28-33
[10]李子春.轨道结构垂向荷载传递与路基附加动应力特性的研究[J].铁道部科学研究院,2000
[11]翟婉明.机车-轨道耦合动力学理论及其应用[J].中国铁道科学,1996
[12]俞良家.轮轨冲击分析[J].北方交通大学,1995
[13]徐志胜、翟婉明.轮轨冲击噪声激扰模型研究[J].噪声与振动控制,2007
[14]李定清.轮轨垂直相互动力作用及其动力响应[J].铁道学报,1987:1-8
[15]翟婉明.铁路车轮扁疤的动力学效应[J].铁道车辆,1994
[16]翟婉明.铁路轮轨冲击振动模拟与试验[J].计算力学学报,1999(1):93-99
[17]张格明.中高速条件下车线桥动力分析模型与轨道不平顺影响[J].铁道部科学研究院,2001
[18]加藤八州夫[日].钢轨力学简介[J].张绍华译,
[19]张澎湃,井秀海.轮轨接触应力的有限元计算[J].铁道车辆,2007(6)
[20]李志强,赵隆茂.铁路车辆／轨道耦合系统在冲击载荷作用下的动应力分析[J].太原理工大学学报,2005
[21]齐效文.铁路轮轨接触应力数值分析[D].燕山大学硕士研究生学位论文,2001
[22]金玉云.机车车辆／轨道系统垂向耦合动力学有限元分析的研究[J].铁道部科学研究院,2000
[23]薛成凤.轮轨接触弹塑性应力应变分析[J].科技信息,2007
[24]吴昌华,张军.轮轨接触的有限元研究[J].大连铁道学院学报,1997
[25]雷腾.轮轨接触应力的计算与分析[J].中国铁道科学,第1期6卷
[26]马昌红,史生良等.轮轨接触应力的有限元分析[J].石家庄铁道学院学报,2006(3)
[27]杨振祥.车轮踏面磨耗和擦伤在线自动检测诊断系统探讨[J].长沙铁道学院,1998(1)
[28]冯其波,赵雁等.车轮踏面擦伤动态定量测量新方法[J].机械工程学报,2002(2)
[29]杨凯.车轮踏面擦伤检测系统的研究[D].西南交通大学硕士研究生学位论文,2005
[30]张渝,王黎等.国内外车轮踏面损伤检测技术综述[J].机车车辆工艺,2002(1)
[31]吴开华,张建华等.机车轮对踏面磨耗的非接触光电检测方法研究[J].光电子·激光,2005(3)
[32]高向东,徐晓东等.基于激光传感的轮对踏面擦伤及剥离检测[J].机车工程学报,2003(9)
[33]杨建明.铁路车辆踏面擦伤只能定量检测系统[D].西南交通大学硕士研究生学位论文,2006
[34]刘浩.铁路货车车辆踏面擦伤智能定量检测研究[D].西南交通大学硕士研究生学位论文,2002
[35]杨雪荣.轮对踏面擦伤检测新技术[J].机电工程技术,2005(5)
[36]Norman C, Farritor S, et al. Design of system to measure track modulus from a moving railcar. In: Proceedings of Railway Engineering Conference, London,2004
[37]Lei X Y, Mao L J. Dynamic response analyses of vehicle and track coupled system on track transition of conventional high speed railway. Journal of Sound and Vibration,2004:1133-1146
[38]Diana G, Cheli F, Bruni S, Collina A. Interaction between railroad superstructure and railway vehicles. Vehicle System Dynamics,1994:75-86
[39]Oscarsson J, Dahlberg T. Dynamic train/track/ballast interaction —Computer models and full-scale experiments. Vehicle System Dynamics,1998
[40]Satoh Y. Dynamic effect of a flat wheel on track deformation. Bulletin of International Railway Congress Association,1965:547-553
[41]Garg V K, Dukkipati R V. Dynamic of Railway Vehicle Systems. Academic Press, Canada,1984
[42]Zhai W M, Cai C B, Wang Q C, Lu Z W, Wu X S. Dynamic effects of vehicles on tracks in the case of raising train speed. Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit,2001:125-135
[43]Jenkins H H, et al. The effect of track and vehicle parameters on wheel/rail vertical dynamic forces. Railway Engineering Journal, 1974:2-16
[44]Newton S G, Clark R A. An investigation into the dynamic effects on the track of wheel flats on railway vehicles. Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science,1979:287-297
[45]Radford R W. Wheel/rail vertical forces in high-speed railway operation. ASME, Journal of/Engineering for Industry,1977:849-858
[46]翟婉明,孙翔,詹斐生.机车车辆与轨道垂向相互作用的计算机仿真研究[J].中国铁道科学,1993(1)：42-50
[47]翟婉明.车辆-轨道垂向耦合动力学[D].西南交通大学博士学位论文,1991
[2]翟婉明.车辆-轨道垂向系统的统一模型及其耦合动力学原理[J].铁道学报,1992
[3]陈果,翟婉明等.车辆-轨道耦合系统垂横模型及其验证[J].振动与冲击,2004(4)
[4]陈果.车辆-轨道耦合系统随机振动分析[D].西南交通大学博士学位论文,2000
[5]练松良.轨道动力学[M].同济大学出版社,2003
[6]王其昌.车轮扁疤冲击分析[J].西南交通大学学报,1991
[7]姜涛、孙守光.车轮扁疤动力冲击的仿真研究及其检测原理[J].铁道车辆,1998
[8]翟婉明.高速列车-轨道垂向耦合动力学的研究[J].铁道学报,1997
[9]翟婉明.高速铁路轮轨冲击振动的特征及其控制原理[J].铁道学报,1995:28-33
[10]李子春.轨道结构垂向荷载传递与路基附加动应力特性的研究[J].铁道部科学研究院,2000
[11]翟婉明.机车-轨道耦合动力学理论及其应用[J].中国铁道科学,1996
[12]俞良家.轮轨冲击分析[J].北方交通大学,1995
[13]徐志胜、翟婉明.轮轨冲击噪声激扰模型研究[J].噪声与振动控制,2007
[14]李定清.轮轨垂直相互动力作用及其动力响应[J].铁道学报,1987:1-8
[15]翟婉明.铁路车轮扁疤的动力学效应[J].铁道车辆,1994
[16]翟婉明.铁路轮轨冲击振动模拟与试验[J].计算力学学报,1999(1):93-99
[17]张格明.中高速条件下车线桥动力分析模型与轨道不平顺影响[J].铁道部科学研究院,2001
[18]加藤八州夫[日].钢轨力学简介[J].张绍华译,
[19]张澎湃,井秀海.轮轨接触应力的有限元计算[J].铁道车辆,2007(6)
[20]李志强,赵隆茂.铁路车辆／轨道耦合系统在冲击载荷作用下的动应力分析[J].太原理工大学学报,2005
[21]齐效文.铁路轮轨接触应力数值分析[D].燕山大学硕士研究生学位论文,2001
[22]金玉云.机车车辆／轨道系统垂向耦合动力学有限元分析的研究[J].铁道部科学研究院,2000
[23]薛成凤.轮轨接触弹塑性应力应变分析[J].科技信息,2007
[24]吴昌华,张军.轮轨接触的有限元研究[J].大连铁道学院学报,1997
[25]雷腾.轮轨接触应力的计算与分析[J].中国铁道科学,第1期6卷
[26]马昌红,史生良等.轮轨接触应力的有限元分析[J].石家庄铁道学院学报,2006(3)
[27]杨振祥.车轮踏面磨耗和擦伤在线自动检测诊断系统探讨[J].长沙铁道学院,1998(1)
[28]冯其波,赵雁等.车轮踏面擦伤动态定量测量新方法[J].机械工程学报,2002(2)
[29]杨凯.车轮踏面擦伤检测系统的研究[D].西南交通大学硕士研究生学位论文,2005
[30]张渝,王黎等.国内外车轮踏面损伤检测技术综述[J].机车车辆工艺,2002(1)
[31]吴开华,张建华等.机车轮对踏面磨耗的非接触光电检测方法研究[J].光电子·激光,2005(3)
[32]高向东,徐晓东等.基于激光传感的轮对踏面擦伤及剥离检测[J].机车工程学报,2003(9)
[33]杨建明.铁路车辆踏面擦伤只能定量检测系统[D].西南交通大学硕士研究生学位论文,2006
[34]刘浩.铁路货车车辆踏面擦伤智能定量检测研究[D].西南交通大学硕士研究生学位论文,2002
[35]杨雪荣.轮对踏面擦伤检测新技术[J].机电工程技术,2005(5)
[36]Norman C, Farritor S, et al. Design of system to measure track modulus from a moving railcar. In: Proceedings of Railway Engineering Conference, London,2004
[37]Lei X Y, Mao L J. Dynamic response analyses of vehicle and track coupled system on track transition of conventional high speed railway. Journal of Sound and Vibration,2004:1133-1146
[38]Diana G, Cheli F, Bruni S, Collina A. Interaction between railroad superstructure and railway vehicles. Vehicle System Dynamics,1994:75-86
[39]Oscarsson J, Dahlberg T. Dynamic train/track/ballast interaction —Computer models and full-scale experiments. Vehicle System Dynamics,1998
[40]Satoh Y. Dynamic effect of a flat wheel on track deformation. Bulletin of International Railway Congress Association,1965:547-553
[41]Garg V K, Dukkipati R V. Dynamic of Railway Vehicle Systems. Academic Press, Canada,1984
[42]Zhai W M, Cai C B, Wang Q C, Lu Z W, Wu X S. Dynamic effects of vehicles on tracks in the case of raising train speed. Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit,2001:125-135
[43]Jenkins H H, et al. The effect of track and vehicle parameters on wheel/rail vertical dynamic forces. Railway Engineering Journal, 1974:2-16
[44]Newton S G, Clark R A. An investigation into the dynamic effects on the track of wheel flats on railway vehicles. Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science,1979:287-297
[45]Radford R W. Wheel/rail vertical forces in high-speed railway operation. ASME, Journal of/Engineering for Industry,1977:849-858
[46]翟婉明,孙翔,詹斐生.机车车辆与轨道垂向相互作用的计算机仿真研究[J].中国铁道科学,1993(1)：42-50
[47]翟婉明.车辆-轨道垂向耦合动力学[D].西南交通大学博士学位论文,1991