高速动车组车体结构强度及动态特性研究
摘要
本文以CRH5型高速动车组为主要研究对象,采用计算机仿真分析技术、物理试验和理论计算等相结合的方式,对该车车体结构强度及动态特性进行了研究和消化吸收,主要研究内容包括：
(1)基于有限元仿真分析技术对CRH5型M2S车整车车体结构强度可靠性进行研究,并对该车进行等工况的试验验证,了解该车的薄弱部位,同时掌握通过有限元仿真分析技术进行整车车体结构强度的仿真分析方法。
(2)根据模态计算理论及有限元仿真分析技术,对CRH5型M2S车车体结构模态特性进行全面的分析,了解M2S车车体频率特性规律,为设计改进提供数据参考。
(3)依据车辆动力学相关理论,研究车体弹性、不同的轨道谱对车辆平稳性指标的影响规律。并以CRH5型M2S车为主要研究对象,分别建立基于车体弹性和刚性的高速客车非线性动力学模型,并分别在不同的轨道谱下,对该车车辆平稳性指标进行对比计算,掌握车体弹性、不同的轨道谱对车辆动力学性能的影响特性。
(4)对车辆动态限界计算方法进行研究,并完成相关的程序开发工作,并以CRH5型M2S车为研究应用对象,进行车辆动态包络线计算,掌握车辆动态包络线计算过程。
通过本文的研究,使作者能够对有限元仿真分析技术、动力学仿真分析技术、车辆动态限界理论计算方法等在机车车辆制造领域的应用有了更加深刻的理解和认识,逐步达到在实际工作中熟练应用的程度。
Taking type CRH5 high-speed EMU train as a research example, the carbody structure strength and dynamic performance of the vehicle system are studied by adopting the computer simulation technology and the physical test. This thesis includes the following researches:
(1) Finite element analysis technology is used to study the carbody structure strength and reliability of the M2S car of EMU CRH5, and the numerical results are verified by the test under the same working conditiond. Thus, the weak positions of the car can be found out, and at the mean time the FEM analysis technology for carbody structure strength can be better understood.
(2) Based on the modal analysis theory and FEM method, the carbody structure mode characteristics of the M2S car is extensively analyzed. Then the frequency characteristics of the carbody is obtained which can offer the reference data to improve the carbody design.
(3) According to the related theory of vehicle dynamics, the influence of carbody flexibility, track iput strectrum on the vehicle ride performance is investigated. Taking M2S car as an example, the non-linear dynamic models of the high speed vehicle are established for both flexible carbody and rigid carbody. The ride indices of the vehicle are calculated and compared under different track spectrum inputs in order to better understand th effects of carbody elasticity and track inputs on the vehicle dynamic performance.
(4) The calculation method of rolling stock dynamic gauge is studied and the relevant software development is completed. The M2S car is taken as an example and the kinematic envelope of the car is calculated.
Through the studies in this thesis, the author has better recognized the application of the FEM analysis method, dynamic simulation technology and dynamic gauge calculation in the field of rolling stock manufacturing, and gradually possesses the ability to apply all these methods skillfully in the actual work.
(1)基于有限元仿真分析技术对CRH5型M2S车整车车体结构强度可靠性进行研究,并对该车进行等工况的试验验证,了解该车的薄弱部位,同时掌握通过有限元仿真分析技术进行整车车体结构强度的仿真分析方法。
(2)根据模态计算理论及有限元仿真分析技术,对CRH5型M2S车车体结构模态特性进行全面的分析,了解M2S车车体频率特性规律,为设计改进提供数据参考。
(3)依据车辆动力学相关理论,研究车体弹性、不同的轨道谱对车辆平稳性指标的影响规律。并以CRH5型M2S车为主要研究对象,分别建立基于车体弹性和刚性的高速客车非线性动力学模型,并分别在不同的轨道谱下,对该车车辆平稳性指标进行对比计算,掌握车体弹性、不同的轨道谱对车辆动力学性能的影响特性。
(4)对车辆动态限界计算方法进行研究,并完成相关的程序开发工作,并以CRH5型M2S车为研究应用对象,进行车辆动态包络线计算,掌握车辆动态包络线计算过程。
通过本文的研究,使作者能够对有限元仿真分析技术、动力学仿真分析技术、车辆动态限界理论计算方法等在机车车辆制造领域的应用有了更加深刻的理解和认识,逐步达到在实际工作中熟练应用的程度。
Taking type CRH5 high-speed EMU train as a research example, the carbody structure strength and dynamic performance of the vehicle system are studied by adopting the computer simulation technology and the physical test. This thesis includes the following researches:
(1) Finite element analysis technology is used to study the carbody structure strength and reliability of the M2S car of EMU CRH5, and the numerical results are verified by the test under the same working conditiond. Thus, the weak positions of the car can be found out, and at the mean time the FEM analysis technology for carbody structure strength can be better understood.
(2) Based on the modal analysis theory and FEM method, the carbody structure mode characteristics of the M2S car is extensively analyzed. Then the frequency characteristics of the carbody is obtained which can offer the reference data to improve the carbody design.
(3) According to the related theory of vehicle dynamics, the influence of carbody flexibility, track iput strectrum on the vehicle ride performance is investigated. Taking M2S car as an example, the non-linear dynamic models of the high speed vehicle are established for both flexible carbody and rigid carbody. The ride indices of the vehicle are calculated and compared under different track spectrum inputs in order to better understand th effects of carbody elasticity and track inputs on the vehicle dynamic performance.
(4) The calculation method of rolling stock dynamic gauge is studied and the relevant software development is completed. The M2S car is taken as an example and the kinematic envelope of the car is calculated.
Through the studies in this thesis, the author has better recognized the application of the FEM analysis method, dynamic simulation technology and dynamic gauge calculation in the field of rolling stock manufacturing, and gradually possesses the ability to apply all these methods skillfully in the actual work.
引文
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[2]王伯铭.高速动车组总体及转向架.中国铁道出版社,2008
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[8]张曙光.高速列车设计方法研究.中国铁道出版社,2009.
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[32]倪昌.曲线地段设备限界的计算原理[J].都市快轨交通,2004.
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[36]李兰友,白克壮.’Visuan Basic.NET图形图像编程与实例详解.北京：电子工业出版社,2001.
[2]王伯铭.高速动车组总体及转向架.中国铁道出版社,2008
[3]吴礼本,王其立.国外铁路高速列车[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,1994.
[4]沈志云.关于高速铁路及高速列车的研究[J].振动、测试与诊断,1998.3.
[5]董锡明.现代高速列车技术.中国铁道出版社,2006.
[6]高速铁路研究报告(3).上海铁道大学1998.
[7]沈钢.面向对象的机车车辆动力学仿真建模研究[J].铁道学报,2003.4.
[8]张曙光.高速列车设计方法研究.中国铁道出版社,2009.
[9]余俊主编.现代设计方法及应用[M].北京：中国标准出版社,2002.1.
[10]张曙光.铁路高速列车应用基础理论与工程技术.北京：科学出版社,2007.
[11]朱伯芳.有限单元法原理与应用.中国水利水电出版社,1998.
[12]ANSYS/Theory Reference Manual Release 8.0[M]. ANSYS Inc 2003 U.S.A.
[13]王勖成,邵敏.有限元法基本原理和数值方法(第二版)[M].清华大学出版社,1997.3.
[14]王国强主编. 实用工程数值模拟技术及其在ANSYS上的实践[M].陕西：西北工业大学出版社,1999.8
[15]闫雪冬,刘力军.铁路客车动力学软件的研究与应用[J].铁道车辆,1999.1.
[16]倪纯双.铁路车辆多体动力学综述[J].中国铁道科学,1996.12.
[17]翟婉明等.第15届国际车辆系统动力学会议学术交流综述[J].国 外铁道车辆,1998.1.
[18]王福天.车辆系统动力学[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,1989.
[19]陈泽深,王成国.铁道车辆动力学与控制[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2004.
[20]翟婉明.车辆-轨道耦合动力学(第二版)[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2001.12.
[21]Railway applications-Structural requirements of railway vehicle bodies (EN 12663).The European Standard,2000.
[22]曹茂盛等.材料科学与工程系列教材.哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2001.
[23]铁道车辆动力学性能评定及试验鉴定规范(GB5599-85)[M].中国国家标准,1985.
[24]高速试验列车车辆强度及动力学规范(95J01-M)[M].中华人民共和国铁道部,1995.
[25]M.Chati, R.Rand and S.Mukher jee. Modal Analysis of a cracked beam.Journal of sound and vibration,1997.
[26]A.S.J.Swamindas and Y.chen. Monitoring crack growth through change of modal parameters. Journal of sound and vibration,1995.
[27]Ratcl iffe C P. Damage detection using a modified Laplacian operator on mode shape. datmJ. Sound Vib,1997.
[28]翟婉明.列车提速对线路的动力影响研究与对策[J].中国铁道科学,2000.9.
[29]陈果,翟婉明,左洪福.仿真计算比较我国干线谱与国外典型轨道谱[J].铁道学报,2001.6.
[30]VAMPIRE HELP DOCUMENT.
[31]沈钢,曹志礼.机车车辆动力学集成仿真系统的开发[J].铁道车辆,1997.3.
[32]倪昌.曲线地段设备限界的计算原理[J].都市快轨交通,2004.
[33]罗湘萍.全动态包络线地铁车辆限界研究[J].铁道车辆,1997.
[34]CJJ 96-2003地铁限界标准[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社2003
[35]GB 50157—2003地铁设计规范[S].北京：中国计划出版社,2003.
[36]李兰友,白克壮.’Visuan Basic.NET图形图像编程与实例详解.北京：电子工业出版社,2001.