远程游戏自动化测试系统的设计与实现
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摘要
随着软件行业的不断发展,软件产品的质量控制与质量管理正逐渐成为软件企业生存与发展的核心。自动化测试可以大大减少测试开销,同时增加在有限时间内的测试用例执行数量,它有很高的效率,可以运行一些手工测试较难实现或不可能实现的测试,使测试具有一致性和可重复性,有利于测试用例的复用,可以提高软件系统的可信任度。
论文对自动化测试理论进行了研究与分析,讨论了软件自动化测试的情景,测试自动化的优点,常用的测试工具的种类及特点,测试自动化的具体过程以及测试用例。重点研究了远程游戏系统的测试自动化实现技术。在分析远程游戏系统的概念、基本框架以及一些软件部分的工作原理的基础上,对具体测试进行了探讨。同时,通过对该软件的手工测试分析,从测试内容、环境、方法上说明了测试人员手工操作完成测试的复杂性,讨论了该软件是否适合自动化测试,分析了实现自动测试的需求。
针对该系统测试的一些特点,提出了该系统自动化测试的解决方案,设计了测试用例,按照自动化测试系统具体实现方法的策略及五个步骤,根据实际测试经验,详细讨论了基于C51底层编码的USB模拟器的自动化测试系统,总结了软件工程中的软件自动化测试的解决方法及应遵循的原则。结果分析表明,在远程游戏系统的测试环节中引入了自动化实现技术,可以大大提高测试效率及质量。
The quality control and management of software products is playing a core role for the survival and development of software enterprises. Automatic Testing is very advantageous since it can reduce the costs and increase the performing amounts of testing cases in limited time greatly. Furthermore, it is able to do some testing work which is very hard for hand-operation, resulting in excellent testing consistency and repeatability that favor the multiplexing of testing cases and improve the reliability of software systems.
In this thesis, the theory and application of software automatic test have been studied and analyzed. Firstly, the scenarios and advantages of testing automation, the sorts and specifies of usual test tools, the automatic test processes and the test cases have been discussed. In the following chapters, we place emphasis on the realization technology of automatic test for Remote Gaming. The test details are investigated based on the analyses of the concept, the basic framework and working mechanism of the remote game system. In addition, the complexity of conventional hand-test is explained upon the testing content, environment and method, and the fitness of automatic test is analyzed as well as the requirements for realization of automatic testing.
In our work, the solution scheme is proposed and the test cases are designed according to the characteristics of the system testing. The strategies and the five key steps of the detailed realization of automatic testing system are stated. The automatic test system with USB simulator based on C51 coding is discussed in detail. Furthermore, the reasonable solution methods and principles for the software automatic test in software engineering are summarized and concluded. The results show that the introduction of automatic realization technology in the software test of Remote Gaming can improve the testing efficiency and quality greatly.
论文对自动化测试理论进行了研究与分析,讨论了软件自动化测试的情景,测试自动化的优点,常用的测试工具的种类及特点,测试自动化的具体过程以及测试用例。重点研究了远程游戏系统的测试自动化实现技术。在分析远程游戏系统的概念、基本框架以及一些软件部分的工作原理的基础上,对具体测试进行了探讨。同时,通过对该软件的手工测试分析,从测试内容、环境、方法上说明了测试人员手工操作完成测试的复杂性,讨论了该软件是否适合自动化测试,分析了实现自动测试的需求。
针对该系统测试的一些特点,提出了该系统自动化测试的解决方案,设计了测试用例,按照自动化测试系统具体实现方法的策略及五个步骤,根据实际测试经验,详细讨论了基于C51底层编码的USB模拟器的自动化测试系统,总结了软件工程中的软件自动化测试的解决方法及应遵循的原则。结果分析表明,在远程游戏系统的测试环节中引入了自动化实现技术,可以大大提高测试效率及质量。
The quality control and management of software products is playing a core role for the survival and development of software enterprises. Automatic Testing is very advantageous since it can reduce the costs and increase the performing amounts of testing cases in limited time greatly. Furthermore, it is able to do some testing work which is very hard for hand-operation, resulting in excellent testing consistency and repeatability that favor the multiplexing of testing cases and improve the reliability of software systems.
In this thesis, the theory and application of software automatic test have been studied and analyzed. Firstly, the scenarios and advantages of testing automation, the sorts and specifies of usual test tools, the automatic test processes and the test cases have been discussed. In the following chapters, we place emphasis on the realization technology of automatic test for Remote Gaming. The test details are investigated based on the analyses of the concept, the basic framework and working mechanism of the remote game system. In addition, the complexity of conventional hand-test is explained upon the testing content, environment and method, and the fitness of automatic test is analyzed as well as the requirements for realization of automatic testing.
In our work, the solution scheme is proposed and the test cases are designed according to the characteristics of the system testing. The strategies and the five key steps of the detailed realization of automatic testing system are stated. The automatic test system with USB simulator based on C51 coding is discussed in detail. Furthermore, the reasonable solution methods and principles for the software automatic test in software engineering are summarized and concluded. The results show that the introduction of automatic realization technology in the software test of Remote Gaming can improve the testing efficiency and quality greatly.
引文
[1] 咸奎桐, 王纬. 软件质量管理和质量保证GB/T 19000.3 IS09000-3国家标准应用指南(第一版). 北京: 中国标准出版社, 1995: 1-2
[2] 郑人杰. 计算机软件测试技术. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 1992: 8-10
[3] Brian Marick. The Craft of Software Testing: Subsystem Testing. Including Object-Based and Object-Oriented Testing. Indiana: Prentice Hall PTR. 1995: 19-20
[4] James A.Whittaker 著, 马良荔, 俞立军译. 实用软件测试指南. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2003: 3-5
[5] M.Fewster,D.Graham. 软件测试自动化技术与事例详解(第一版). 北京: 电子工业出版社, 1999: 5-10
[6] Ron Patton 著, 周予滨, 姚静译. 软件测试. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2002: 25-27
[7] 暴建民. 测试数据选择理论20年. 软件学报, 1996, 7(12): 743-751
[8] 兰雨晴. 软件测试的有效方法. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2004: 15-16
[9] Podgurski A., Clarke L.A.. Formal model of program dependence and its implications for software testing, debugging and maintenance. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering.1990.1 6(9):965-979
[10] 张克东, 庄燕滨编著. 软件工程与软件自动化测试教程. 西安: 电子工业出版社. 2002: 69-70
[11] Harman M., Danicic S.. Using program slicing to simplify testing. Software testing.Verification and Reliability. 1995: 143-162
[12] Mark Fewster, Dorothy Graham.Software Test Automation. Boston:Addison-Wesley. 1999: 45-50
[13] Daniel J.Mosley, Bruce A. Posey. Just Enough Software Test Automation. Indiana: Prentice Hall PTR. 2002: 37-41
[14] Mosley. D. J., 邓 波 等 译 . 软 件 测 试 自 动 化 (Just Enough Software TestAutomation) .北京: 机械工业出版社, 2003: 36-40
[15] Avritzer A, Weyuker E J .The automatic generation of load test suites and the assessment of the resulting software.IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering. 1994, 20(10): 812-824
[16] Glenford J.Myers. 计算机软件测试技巧. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 1985: 80-82
[17] 李响. 软件测试自动化实践. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2003: 96-98
[18] 罗圣仪. 计算机软件质量保证的方法与实践. 北京: 科学出版社, 1999: 55-57
[19] 刘胜. 软件测试及其自动化. 信息技术. 2001.3: 2-3
[20] 姚砺, 束永安. 软件测试自动化关键技术的研究. 安徽大学学报(自然科学版), 2003, 27: 4 -10
[21] Elfriede Dustin, Jeff Rashka, John Paul. 自动化软件测试一入门、管理与实现(影印版). 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2003: 238-243
[22] Elfriede Dustin, Jeff Rashka, John Paul著, 于秀山, 胡兢玉等译.软件自动化测试: 引入、管理与实施.北京: 电子工业出版社, 2003: 149-153
[23] Edward Kit. Software Testing in the Real World: Improving the Process. Addison-Wesley. 1995: 69-72
[24] Bart Brockman, Edwin Notenboom. Testing Embedded Software. Addison-Wesley. 2003:269-271
[25] 林科学.程序调试中的错误捕获方法.气象教育与科技, 2000, 22 (3): 31-35
[26] LYU MR, 刘喜成, 钟婉彭等译. 软件可靠性工程手册. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 1997: 245-246
[27] J. Laski and B. korel, A Data Flow Oriented Program Testing Strategy. IEEE Tra nsactionson Software Engineering ,May 1983, SE -9(3): 347-354
[28] 田仲, 石君友. 系统测试性设计分析与验证. 北京: 航空航天大学出版, 2003: 216-218
[29] John Paul. 自动化软件测试-入门、管理与实现. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2003: 46-49
[30] 宋艳芳, 苏哲明, 史永辉. 自动化软件测试. 应用科技, 2001,28 :4
[31] 蔡军红. 软件质量与测试(一). 软件世界, 2002 (6): 141-143
[32] 蔡军红. 软件质量与测试(二). 软件世界, 2002 (8): 109-112
[33] 张毅坤, 赵宇峰, 张烨, 姚全珠. 基于UML的C料软件静态测试方法计算机工程, 2004, 30(4): 85-86
[34] 马雷, 于忠诚, 周宇. 基于路径测试的程序可测试性研究. 辽宁大学学报, 1996, 23(l): 72-77
[35] 张永梅, 陈立潮, 马礼. 软件测试技术研究. 测试技术学报, 2002, 16(2): 148-151
[36] 华庆一, 王斌君, 陈莉. 面向对象系统的测试第一版. 北京: 人民邮电出版社, 2001: 29-41
[37] 单锦辉, 王戟, 齐治昌等. 面向路径的测试数据自动生成工具的设计与实现. 计算机工程与科学, 2002,24(l): 103-107
[38] 曹化工, 刘澎, 秦友淑. 一种用于软件测试的程序结构划分方法. 小型微型计算机系统, 2002,23 (4): 492-495
[39] 赵邑新, 王建国, 吴建平. 测试集自动生成方法中的可执行化研究. 计算机研究与发展, 2001, 38 (l): 74-80
[40] 杨建军, 陈卫东, 叶澄清等. 面向上下文无关语言的测试工具的设计和实现. 计算机研究与发展, 2000,37 (11): 1375-1381
[41] N.G upta,A.P. Mathur, M .L .Soffa .Automated Test Data Generation Using An Iterative Relaxation Method.ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes, 1998, 23(6): 231-244
[42] Randal L.Schwartz, Tom Phoenix 著, 李晓峰译. Perl语言入门(第三版). 中国电力出版社, 2002: 1-2
[43] Simon. Cozens. Beginning Perl. Wrox Press. 2000: 1-3
[44] Randal L. Schwartz. Learning Perl.O'Reilly & Associates. 1993: 84-86
[45] 罗捷, 熊小平, 周桂琴. Perl 5实践与提高. 北京: 中国电力出版社, 2002: 59-63
[2] 郑人杰. 计算机软件测试技术. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 1992: 8-10
[3] Brian Marick. The Craft of Software Testing: Subsystem Testing. Including Object-Based and Object-Oriented Testing. Indiana: Prentice Hall PTR. 1995: 19-20
[4] James A.Whittaker 著, 马良荔, 俞立军译. 实用软件测试指南. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2003: 3-5
[5] M.Fewster,D.Graham. 软件测试自动化技术与事例详解(第一版). 北京: 电子工业出版社, 1999: 5-10
[6] Ron Patton 著, 周予滨, 姚静译. 软件测试. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2002: 25-27
[7] 暴建民. 测试数据选择理论20年. 软件学报, 1996, 7(12): 743-751
[8] 兰雨晴. 软件测试的有效方法. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2004: 15-16
[9] Podgurski A., Clarke L.A.. Formal model of program dependence and its implications for software testing, debugging and maintenance. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering.1990.1 6(9):965-979
[10] 张克东, 庄燕滨编著. 软件工程与软件自动化测试教程. 西安: 电子工业出版社. 2002: 69-70
[11] Harman M., Danicic S.. Using program slicing to simplify testing. Software testing.Verification and Reliability. 1995: 143-162
[12] Mark Fewster, Dorothy Graham.Software Test Automation. Boston:Addison-Wesley. 1999: 45-50
[13] Daniel J.Mosley, Bruce A. Posey. Just Enough Software Test Automation. Indiana: Prentice Hall PTR. 2002: 37-41
[14] Mosley. D. J., 邓 波 等 译 . 软 件 测 试 自 动 化 (Just Enough Software TestAutomation) .北京: 机械工业出版社, 2003: 36-40
[15] Avritzer A, Weyuker E J .The automatic generation of load test suites and the assessment of the resulting software.IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering. 1994, 20(10): 812-824
[16] Glenford J.Myers. 计算机软件测试技巧. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 1985: 80-82
[17] 李响. 软件测试自动化实践. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2003: 96-98
[18] 罗圣仪. 计算机软件质量保证的方法与实践. 北京: 科学出版社, 1999: 55-57
[19] 刘胜. 软件测试及其自动化. 信息技术. 2001.3: 2-3
[20] 姚砺, 束永安. 软件测试自动化关键技术的研究. 安徽大学学报(自然科学版), 2003, 27: 4 -10
[21] Elfriede Dustin, Jeff Rashka, John Paul. 自动化软件测试一入门、管理与实现(影印版). 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2003: 238-243
[22] Elfriede Dustin, Jeff Rashka, John Paul著, 于秀山, 胡兢玉等译.软件自动化测试: 引入、管理与实施.北京: 电子工业出版社, 2003: 149-153
[23] Edward Kit. Software Testing in the Real World: Improving the Process. Addison-Wesley. 1995: 69-72
[24] Bart Brockman, Edwin Notenboom. Testing Embedded Software. Addison-Wesley. 2003:269-271
[25] 林科学.程序调试中的错误捕获方法.气象教育与科技, 2000, 22 (3): 31-35
[26] LYU MR, 刘喜成, 钟婉彭等译. 软件可靠性工程手册. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 1997: 245-246
[27] J. Laski and B. korel, A Data Flow Oriented Program Testing Strategy. IEEE Tra nsactionson Software Engineering ,May 1983, SE -9(3): 347-354
[28] 田仲, 石君友. 系统测试性设计分析与验证. 北京: 航空航天大学出版, 2003: 216-218
[29] John Paul. 自动化软件测试-入门、管理与实现. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2003: 46-49
[30] 宋艳芳, 苏哲明, 史永辉. 自动化软件测试. 应用科技, 2001,28 :4
[31] 蔡军红. 软件质量与测试(一). 软件世界, 2002 (6): 141-143
[32] 蔡军红. 软件质量与测试(二). 软件世界, 2002 (8): 109-112
[33] 张毅坤, 赵宇峰, 张烨, 姚全珠. 基于UML的C料软件静态测试方法计算机工程, 2004, 30(4): 85-86
[34] 马雷, 于忠诚, 周宇. 基于路径测试的程序可测试性研究. 辽宁大学学报, 1996, 23(l): 72-77
[35] 张永梅, 陈立潮, 马礼. 软件测试技术研究. 测试技术学报, 2002, 16(2): 148-151
[36] 华庆一, 王斌君, 陈莉. 面向对象系统的测试第一版. 北京: 人民邮电出版社, 2001: 29-41
[37] 单锦辉, 王戟, 齐治昌等. 面向路径的测试数据自动生成工具的设计与实现. 计算机工程与科学, 2002,24(l): 103-107
[38] 曹化工, 刘澎, 秦友淑. 一种用于软件测试的程序结构划分方法. 小型微型计算机系统, 2002,23 (4): 492-495
[39] 赵邑新, 王建国, 吴建平. 测试集自动生成方法中的可执行化研究. 计算机研究与发展, 2001, 38 (l): 74-80
[40] 杨建军, 陈卫东, 叶澄清等. 面向上下文无关语言的测试工具的设计和实现. 计算机研究与发展, 2000,37 (11): 1375-1381
[41] N.G upta,A.P. Mathur, M .L .Soffa .Automated Test Data Generation Using An Iterative Relaxation Method.ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes, 1998, 23(6): 231-244
[42] Randal L.Schwartz, Tom Phoenix 著, 李晓峰译. Perl语言入门(第三版). 中国电力出版社, 2002: 1-2
[43] Simon. Cozens. Beginning Perl. Wrox Press. 2000: 1-3
[44] Randal L. Schwartz. Learning Perl.O'Reilly & Associates. 1993: 84-86
[45] 罗捷, 熊小平, 周桂琴. Perl 5实践与提高. 北京: 中国电力出版社, 2002: 59-63