软弱围岩隧道中锁脚锚杆支护效果研究
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摘要
目前,锁脚锚杆(管)越来越多地应用于软弱围岩隧道建设中,它能有效控制隧道初期支护的下沉,对维持隧道结构的稳定性起着重要作用。然而,在隧道设计、施工中对锁脚锚杆的规格、打设方向、长度、数量等支护参数的选取尚处在经验摸索阶段,有关锁脚锚杆(管)的支护效果、作用机理方面未能进行系统的研究和总结。
本文在研究锁脚锚杆(管)作用机理的基础上,应用有限元分析软件MIDAS/GTS对软弱围岩隧道中采用锁脚锚杆(管)时的支护效果进行数值模拟和计算,考虑锁脚锚杆(管)在不同打设角度、不同长度、不同数量等方面对隧道周边围岩变形的影响,通过对各影响因素与隧道拱顶沉降、净空收敛及锚杆轴力之间关系的分析,其计算结果表明,随锁脚锚杆与水平方向夹角的增加,拱顶下沉量逐渐减小,净空收敛量逐渐增大,且拱顶下沉、净空收敛均随锁脚锚杆长度的增加逐渐减小。
通过对各级软弱围岩隧道中不同数量锁脚锚杆对隧道支护效果进行对比分析,优化给出在Ⅳ级围岩隧道中宜采用单排锁脚锚杆；在V级围岩隧道中宜采用双排锁脚锚杆；在Ⅵ级围岩隧道中宜采用三排锁脚锚管。
此外,通过对包家山隧道、明垭子隧道和天恒山隧道试验断面锁脚锚杆(管)的现场监测数据与有限元模拟计算结果进行对比分析,结果表明锁脚锚杆(管)在隧道工程中的使用可以有效地提高整体结构的安全性与稳定性。
本文给出各种围岩条件下的锁脚锚杆(管)最优设置方案可作为类似工程设计的参考依据,其计算方法也为工程设计提供了较好的借鉴作用,对目前隧道工程建设具有重要的意义。
At present, the Feet-lock bolt (tube) is increasingly used in soft rock tunnel construction, it can control the sinking of the tunnel primary support effectively, the maintenance of the stability of tunnel structure plays a role in reuse. However, in the tunnel design and construction, the specifications, direction, length, volume and other support parameters of the feet-lock bolt (tube) is still groping in the experience of the stage. The supporting effect and mechanism of the feet-lock bolt (tube) hadn't researched and concluded systematically.
In this paper, based on the system research of the feet-lock bolt (tube) mechanism, using the finite element analysis software MIDAS/GTS to numerically simulate and compute the feet-lock bolt (tube)support effect in soft rock tunnel, considering the effect of rock deformation around tunnel caused by the feet-lock bolt (tube) on different angles, different length and different quantity, through the analysis between various influent factors and the tunnel crown settlement, clearance and bolt axial force, the results show that, with the angle increases between Feet-lock bolt and horizontal, dome subsidence decreases, clearance convergence volume increases, and the vault settlement, clearance convergence gradually reduced with foot anchors length increases.
Through the soft rock at all levels, the number of foot anchors of different support effects of tunnel were analyzed to optimize is given in gradeⅣrock tunnel should adopt the single-row foot anchors; in V grade rock tunnel should adopt the double foot anchors; inⅥlevel of suitable rock tunnel in three rows of lock pin anchor tube.
In addition, through the comparative analysis of the feet-lock bolt (tube) at the tunnel test section between on-site monitoring data and finite element simulation results on the tunnel of BaoJiashan, MingYazi and TianHengshan, to verify the use of feet-lock bolt (tube) can effectively improve the overall security and stability of the tunnel structure.
In this paper, a variety of the feet-lock bolt (tube) best parameters can be designed as a reference for similar projects, the calculation methods provides a better reference for the engineering design, it has important significance for the current construction of the tunnel project.
本文在研究锁脚锚杆(管)作用机理的基础上,应用有限元分析软件MIDAS/GTS对软弱围岩隧道中采用锁脚锚杆(管)时的支护效果进行数值模拟和计算,考虑锁脚锚杆(管)在不同打设角度、不同长度、不同数量等方面对隧道周边围岩变形的影响,通过对各影响因素与隧道拱顶沉降、净空收敛及锚杆轴力之间关系的分析,其计算结果表明,随锁脚锚杆与水平方向夹角的增加,拱顶下沉量逐渐减小,净空收敛量逐渐增大,且拱顶下沉、净空收敛均随锁脚锚杆长度的增加逐渐减小。
通过对各级软弱围岩隧道中不同数量锁脚锚杆对隧道支护效果进行对比分析,优化给出在Ⅳ级围岩隧道中宜采用单排锁脚锚杆；在V级围岩隧道中宜采用双排锁脚锚杆；在Ⅵ级围岩隧道中宜采用三排锁脚锚管。
此外,通过对包家山隧道、明垭子隧道和天恒山隧道试验断面锁脚锚杆(管)的现场监测数据与有限元模拟计算结果进行对比分析,结果表明锁脚锚杆(管)在隧道工程中的使用可以有效地提高整体结构的安全性与稳定性。
本文给出各种围岩条件下的锁脚锚杆(管)最优设置方案可作为类似工程设计的参考依据,其计算方法也为工程设计提供了较好的借鉴作用,对目前隧道工程建设具有重要的意义。
At present, the Feet-lock bolt (tube) is increasingly used in soft rock tunnel construction, it can control the sinking of the tunnel primary support effectively, the maintenance of the stability of tunnel structure plays a role in reuse. However, in the tunnel design and construction, the specifications, direction, length, volume and other support parameters of the feet-lock bolt (tube) is still groping in the experience of the stage. The supporting effect and mechanism of the feet-lock bolt (tube) hadn't researched and concluded systematically.
In this paper, based on the system research of the feet-lock bolt (tube) mechanism, using the finite element analysis software MIDAS/GTS to numerically simulate and compute the feet-lock bolt (tube)support effect in soft rock tunnel, considering the effect of rock deformation around tunnel caused by the feet-lock bolt (tube) on different angles, different length and different quantity, through the analysis between various influent factors and the tunnel crown settlement, clearance and bolt axial force, the results show that, with the angle increases between Feet-lock bolt and horizontal, dome subsidence decreases, clearance convergence volume increases, and the vault settlement, clearance convergence gradually reduced with foot anchors length increases.
Through the soft rock at all levels, the number of foot anchors of different support effects of tunnel were analyzed to optimize is given in gradeⅣrock tunnel should adopt the single-row foot anchors; in V grade rock tunnel should adopt the double foot anchors; inⅥlevel of suitable rock tunnel in three rows of lock pin anchor tube.
In addition, through the comparative analysis of the feet-lock bolt (tube) at the tunnel test section between on-site monitoring data and finite element simulation results on the tunnel of BaoJiashan, MingYazi and TianHengshan, to verify the use of feet-lock bolt (tube) can effectively improve the overall security and stability of the tunnel structure.
In this paper, a variety of the feet-lock bolt (tube) best parameters can be designed as a reference for similar projects, the calculation methods provides a better reference for the engineering design, it has important significance for the current construction of the tunnel project.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国交通运输部.2009年公路水路交通行业发展统计公报[EB/OL]http://www.moc.gov.cn/zhuzhan/tongjixinxi/fenxigongbao/tongjigongbao/t200 80 418_480524.html,2009-04-18
[2]公路隧道施工技术规范(JTG 042-94)[S].北京：人民交通出版社,2004
[3]程良奎.锚杆锚固的现状与发展[J].土木工程学报,2001,34(3),7-12
[4]程良奎、刘启深主编.岩土锚固新技术[M].北京：人民交通出版社,1998.32-37
[5]程良奎,刘启探主编.岩土锚固工程技术的应用与发展.北京：万国学术出版社,1996.1-5
[6]周新刚等,混凝土植筋锚固极限承载能力分析.工程力学,2002,19(6)：82-86.
[7]王毅才.隧道工程[M].北京：人民交通出版社,1993.143-148
[8][美]JC.施坦库斯等.锚杆支护新进展[J].中国煤炭,1997(2)
[9][英]A哈依斯,等.岩层控制技术的发展现状[C].国外锚杆支护技术译文集.煤炭科学研究总院北京开采所,1997
[10]陆士良,汤雷,杨新安.锚杆锚固力与锚固技术.北京：煤炭工业出版社,1998
[11]葛修润,刘建武.加锚节理面抗剪性能研究.岩土工程学报,1998,20(2)：71-80
[12]B.Indraratna,P.K.Kaiser.Analytical model for the design of grouned rockbolts.Intemational journal for numberical and analytical methods in geomechanics.1990,Vol 14,227-251
[13]Jarred D J.Haberfiled C M.Tendon/grout interface performance in grouted anchor[A].In:Proc.Ground Anehorages and Anchored Struetures[C].Londoll:Thomas Telford.1997
[14]Fuller P.Cox R H TMeehanics load transfer from steel tendons of Cement based grouted[A].In:Proc.of Fifth Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of structure and Material [C].Melboume:Australasian Institote of Mining and Metallurgy.1995
[15]王明恕.全长锚固锚杆机理的探讨[J].煤炭学报,1983(1)
[16]董方庭,等.巷道围岩松动圈支护理论[J].煤炭学报.1994,19(1),21-32
[17]侯朝炯,勾攀峰.巷道锚杆支护围岩强度强化机理研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(3),342-345
[18]林崇德,赵歌今.困难条件下煤巷锚杆支护技术[J].中国煤炭,1997,23(6),36-38
[19]唐湘民.岩体锚固效应模型试验研究及解析计算[硕十学位论文][D].武汉：中国科 学院武汉岩土力学研究所,1987
[20]邹志晖,汪志林.锚杆在不同岩体中的工作机理[J].岩土工程学报,1993,15(5)：71-78
[21]葛修润,刘建武.加锚节理面抗剪性能研究[J].岩土工程学报,1988,10(1)：8-19
[22]谭也平.工程结构电算与OOP编程.北京：中国建材工业出版社,1999,98-101
[23]AYDAN O,KOYA T,ICHIKAWA Y,et al.Three-dimensional simulation of anadvancing tunnel supported with forepoles,shotcrete,steel ribs and rockbolts.Numerical Methods in Geomechanics,Swoboda(ed.),Innshruck,Balkema. 1988:1481-1486
[24]雷晓燕.三维锚杆单元理论及其应用.工程力学,1996,13(2)：50-60
[25]章青,卓家寿.加锚岩体的界面应力元模型.岩土工程学报,1998,20(5)：50-53
[26]曹文贵,速宝玉.岩体锚固支护的数值流形方法模拟及其应用.岩土工程学报,2001,23(5)：581-583
[27]刘红亮.考虑锚固效应的并行有限元计算系统：[东北大学硕士学位论文].沈阳：东北大学采矿工程,2003,4-6
[28]徐骏.锚固接触问题的有限元解法及其应用：[西南交通大学硕士学位论文].成都：西南交通大学岩土工程,2003,4-5
[29]张玉军,刘谊平.锚固正交各向异性岩体的三维弹塑性有限元分析.岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(8)：1115-1119
[30]黄明琦.锁脚锚杆作用机理及其在厦门翔安隧道中的应用研究.铁道建筑技术,2009,(7)：86-90
[31]高谦,罗旭,吴顺川.现在岩土施工技术[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社,2006
[32]谢和平,陈忠辉.岩石力学[M].北京：科学出版社,2004
[33]周维恒.高等岩土力学[M].北京：水利水电出版社,1989
[34]伍毅敏.软基隧道支护机理与病害防治技术研究[博士学位论文][D].西安：长安大学,2008,32-33
[35]张勇,任辉启.对钢管锚杆设计和施工的探讨[A].第二届全国岩石锚固与注浆学术会议论文集,北京：中国电力出版社,2002.
[36]王明恕.全长锚固锚杆机理的探讨[J].煤炭学报,1983(1)
[37]刘秀敏软岩大断面隧道锚杆的优化设置：[华中科技大学硕士学位论文].武汉：华中科技大学岩土工程2007,25-26
[38]关宝树,杨其新.地下工程概论[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2001
[39]夏永旭,王永东.隧道结构力学计算[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2004
[40]傅鹤林,韩汝才.隧道衬砌结构荷载计算理论及岩溶处治技术[M].长沙：中南大学出版社,2005.
[41]孙钧.地下结构有限元分析[M].上海：同济大学出版社,1988
[42]公路隧道设计规范(JTG D70-2004)[S].北京：人民交通出版社,2004
[43]北京迈达斯公司,MIDAS/GTS正版说明书[M].2006年
[44]北京迈达斯公司,MIDAS/GTS理论分析[M].2006年
[45]徐芝纶,弹性力学[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2006年12月第4版
[46]王春玲,塑性力学[M].北京：中国建材工业出版社,2005年4月第1版
[2]公路隧道施工技术规范(JTG 042-94)[S].北京：人民交通出版社,2004
[3]程良奎.锚杆锚固的现状与发展[J].土木工程学报,2001,34(3),7-12
[4]程良奎、刘启深主编.岩土锚固新技术[M].北京：人民交通出版社,1998.32-37
[5]程良奎,刘启探主编.岩土锚固工程技术的应用与发展.北京：万国学术出版社,1996.1-5
[6]周新刚等,混凝土植筋锚固极限承载能力分析.工程力学,2002,19(6)：82-86.
[7]王毅才.隧道工程[M].北京：人民交通出版社,1993.143-148
[8][美]JC.施坦库斯等.锚杆支护新进展[J].中国煤炭,1997(2)
[9][英]A哈依斯,等.岩层控制技术的发展现状[C].国外锚杆支护技术译文集.煤炭科学研究总院北京开采所,1997
[10]陆士良,汤雷,杨新安.锚杆锚固力与锚固技术.北京：煤炭工业出版社,1998
[11]葛修润,刘建武.加锚节理面抗剪性能研究.岩土工程学报,1998,20(2)：71-80
[12]B.Indraratna,P.K.Kaiser.Analytical model for the design of grouned rockbolts.Intemational journal for numberical and analytical methods in geomechanics.1990,Vol 14,227-251
[13]Jarred D J.Haberfiled C M.Tendon/grout interface performance in grouted anchor[A].In:Proc.Ground Anehorages and Anchored Struetures[C].Londoll:Thomas Telford.1997
[14]Fuller P.Cox R H TMeehanics load transfer from steel tendons of Cement based grouted[A].In:Proc.of Fifth Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of structure and Material [C].Melboume:Australasian Institote of Mining and Metallurgy.1995
[15]王明恕.全长锚固锚杆机理的探讨[J].煤炭学报,1983(1)
[16]董方庭,等.巷道围岩松动圈支护理论[J].煤炭学报.1994,19(1),21-32
[17]侯朝炯,勾攀峰.巷道锚杆支护围岩强度强化机理研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(3),342-345
[18]林崇德,赵歌今.困难条件下煤巷锚杆支护技术[J].中国煤炭,1997,23(6),36-38
[19]唐湘民.岩体锚固效应模型试验研究及解析计算[硕十学位论文][D].武汉：中国科 学院武汉岩土力学研究所,1987
[20]邹志晖,汪志林.锚杆在不同岩体中的工作机理[J].岩土工程学报,1993,15(5)：71-78
[21]葛修润,刘建武.加锚节理面抗剪性能研究[J].岩土工程学报,1988,10(1)：8-19
[22]谭也平.工程结构电算与OOP编程.北京：中国建材工业出版社,1999,98-101
[23]AYDAN O,KOYA T,ICHIKAWA Y,et al.Three-dimensional simulation of anadvancing tunnel supported with forepoles,shotcrete,steel ribs and rockbolts.Numerical Methods in Geomechanics,Swoboda(ed.),Innshruck,Balkema. 1988:1481-1486
[24]雷晓燕.三维锚杆单元理论及其应用.工程力学,1996,13(2)：50-60
[25]章青,卓家寿.加锚岩体的界面应力元模型.岩土工程学报,1998,20(5)：50-53
[26]曹文贵,速宝玉.岩体锚固支护的数值流形方法模拟及其应用.岩土工程学报,2001,23(5)：581-583
[27]刘红亮.考虑锚固效应的并行有限元计算系统：[东北大学硕士学位论文].沈阳：东北大学采矿工程,2003,4-6
[28]徐骏.锚固接触问题的有限元解法及其应用：[西南交通大学硕士学位论文].成都：西南交通大学岩土工程,2003,4-5
[29]张玉军,刘谊平.锚固正交各向异性岩体的三维弹塑性有限元分析.岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(8)：1115-1119
[30]黄明琦.锁脚锚杆作用机理及其在厦门翔安隧道中的应用研究.铁道建筑技术,2009,(7)：86-90
[31]高谦,罗旭,吴顺川.现在岩土施工技术[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社,2006
[32]谢和平,陈忠辉.岩石力学[M].北京：科学出版社,2004
[33]周维恒.高等岩土力学[M].北京：水利水电出版社,1989
[34]伍毅敏.软基隧道支护机理与病害防治技术研究[博士学位论文][D].西安：长安大学,2008,32-33
[35]张勇,任辉启.对钢管锚杆设计和施工的探讨[A].第二届全国岩石锚固与注浆学术会议论文集,北京：中国电力出版社,2002.
[36]王明恕.全长锚固锚杆机理的探讨[J].煤炭学报,1983(1)
[37]刘秀敏软岩大断面隧道锚杆的优化设置：[华中科技大学硕士学位论文].武汉：华中科技大学岩土工程2007,25-26
[38]关宝树,杨其新.地下工程概论[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2001
[39]夏永旭,王永东.隧道结构力学计算[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2004
[40]傅鹤林,韩汝才.隧道衬砌结构荷载计算理论及岩溶处治技术[M].长沙：中南大学出版社,2005.
[41]孙钧.地下结构有限元分析[M].上海：同济大学出版社,1988
[42]公路隧道设计规范(JTG D70-2004)[S].北京：人民交通出版社,2004
[43]北京迈达斯公司,MIDAS/GTS正版说明书[M].2006年
[44]北京迈达斯公司,MIDAS/GTS理论分析[M].2006年
[45]徐芝纶,弹性力学[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2006年12月第4版
[46]王春玲,塑性力学[M].北京：中国建材工业出版社,2005年4月第1版