复杂地质长大隧道快速施工技术研究
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摘要
乌鞘岭隧道是兰新铁路兰州～武威南段增建第二线的重点控制工程,位于祁连山中高山区,属于青藏高原东北路缘构造区,区域内地质褶皱构造和断裂构造发育,分布有F4、F5、F6、F7四条大断层,组成了宽大的“挤压构造带”,隧道穿越区域内较大范围存在复杂高地应力、软弱围岩流变变形等一系列地质难题,属国内外罕见。乌鞘岭隧道工程的主要特点是：高海拔、工程规模大、工期紧、地质复杂、工程难度大。在此背景下,本论文以乌鞘岭特长铁路隧道为工程案例,对复杂地质条件下长大隧道的快速施工技术进行研究,通过研究和总结取得以下成果：
1、通过优化斜井断面尺寸,配备适应高原条件、容量大、高效能的机械设备,研制大型通风设备进行高原长斜井通风排烟,选择合理的运输组织以及成套的施工工艺,实现长斜井的快速施工：
2、以乌鞘岭隧道大台竖井为例,阐述了施工机械配置模式、井底车场的运输组织模式、高海拔寒冷地区的施工通风处理方式；在此基础上,将整个竖井分为四段,分别采取相应的开挖、支护以及装运技术进行施工,实现深竖井的快速施工
3、遵循“弱爆破、少扰动、短进尺、快循环、强支护、早封闭、勤量测”的施工原则,提出了乌鞘岭隧道穿越富水浅埋黄上地层、泥岩夹砂岩地层、砂岩和砂岩夹砾岩地层、F4、F5、F6、F7四条大断层组成的宽大“挤压构造带”等的快速施工技术。
Wushaoling tunnel is an important key project of Lanzhou to Xinjiang railway Lanzhou to Wuwei south section newly built second line, it locates in the Qilian mountain mid-high area, and it belongs to northeast curb tectonic zone in Qinghai-Tibet plateau. In the area, geological fold and fault structure are developed, there are four big faults F4, F5, F6, F7in the area and they forms a large part of'compressed zone'. In the large part of the tunnel crossing area, complicated high geo-stress, weak rock flowing deformation and a series of geological problems exist, the circumstance of the tunnel is rare. The main characters of the Wushaoling tunnel are high altitude, large size, construction period short, geology complicated, high difficulty. Under such circumstance, based on Wushaoling tunnel, the paper has studied accelerated construction techniques under complex geology situation and summarized three conclusions as below:
1. By optimizing the inclined shaft size, providing the mechanical equipment which could adapt to plateau condition and has a high capacity and efficiency, developing a large ventilation device that could ventilate in the plateau area, choosing appropriate transportation organizing and construction techniques, accelerated construction of long inclined shaft is ensured.
2. To make Wushaoling tunnel large shaft as an example, setting model of construction machinery, transportation model of shaft station and construction ventilation model in high altitude area are demonstrated. The shaft is divided to four parts, excavation, support and transportation measurements are adopted separately to achieve the fast construction aim.
3. Following the "Weak blasting, less disturbance, short footage, faster cycle, strong support, early closed, frequently measurement" rules, accelerated construction techniques across the 'large compressed zone' consisted of four big faults F4, F5, F6, F7in the well-watered shallow buried loess strata, mudstone folder sandstone strata, sandstone strata and sandstone folder conglomerate strata is established.
1、通过优化斜井断面尺寸,配备适应高原条件、容量大、高效能的机械设备,研制大型通风设备进行高原长斜井通风排烟,选择合理的运输组织以及成套的施工工艺,实现长斜井的快速施工：
2、以乌鞘岭隧道大台竖井为例,阐述了施工机械配置模式、井底车场的运输组织模式、高海拔寒冷地区的施工通风处理方式；在此基础上,将整个竖井分为四段,分别采取相应的开挖、支护以及装运技术进行施工,实现深竖井的快速施工
3、遵循“弱爆破、少扰动、短进尺、快循环、强支护、早封闭、勤量测”的施工原则,提出了乌鞘岭隧道穿越富水浅埋黄上地层、泥岩夹砂岩地层、砂岩和砂岩夹砾岩地层、F4、F5、F6、F7四条大断层组成的宽大“挤压构造带”等的快速施工技术。
Wushaoling tunnel is an important key project of Lanzhou to Xinjiang railway Lanzhou to Wuwei south section newly built second line, it locates in the Qilian mountain mid-high area, and it belongs to northeast curb tectonic zone in Qinghai-Tibet plateau. In the area, geological fold and fault structure are developed, there are four big faults F4, F5, F6, F7in the area and they forms a large part of'compressed zone'. In the large part of the tunnel crossing area, complicated high geo-stress, weak rock flowing deformation and a series of geological problems exist, the circumstance of the tunnel is rare. The main characters of the Wushaoling tunnel are high altitude, large size, construction period short, geology complicated, high difficulty. Under such circumstance, based on Wushaoling tunnel, the paper has studied accelerated construction techniques under complex geology situation and summarized three conclusions as below:
1. By optimizing the inclined shaft size, providing the mechanical equipment which could adapt to plateau condition and has a high capacity and efficiency, developing a large ventilation device that could ventilate in the plateau area, choosing appropriate transportation organizing and construction techniques, accelerated construction of long inclined shaft is ensured.
2. To make Wushaoling tunnel large shaft as an example, setting model of construction machinery, transportation model of shaft station and construction ventilation model in high altitude area are demonstrated. The shaft is divided to four parts, excavation, support and transportation measurements are adopted separately to achieve the fast construction aim.
3. Following the "Weak blasting, less disturbance, short footage, faster cycle, strong support, early closed, frequently measurement" rules, accelerated construction techniques across the 'large compressed zone' consisted of four big faults F4, F5, F6, F7in the well-watered shallow buried loess strata, mudstone folder sandstone strata, sandstone strata and sandstone folder conglomerate strata is established.
引文
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[2]窦忠孝,苟彪,彭万平.对乌鞘岭特长隧道斜井施工的思考[J].铁道工程学报,2006.(2)：59-63.
[3]曹磊,谷柏森,郑伟.提高乌鞘岭特长隧道衬砌结构耐久性设计与施工[J].隧道建设,2007.27(1)：41-45,61.
[4]郭良,伍法权,钱卫平等.乌鞘岭长大深埋隧道围岩变形与地应力关系的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006.25(11)：2194-2199.
[5]刘志春,孙明磊,贾晓云等.乌鞘岭隧道F4-F7断层区段压力、应力实测与分析[J].石家庄铁道学院学报,2006.19(2)：13-17.
[6]刘志春,李文江,孙明磊.乌鞘岭隧道F4断层区段监控量测综合分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006.25(7)：1502-1511.
[7]赵旭峰,王春苗.乌鞘岭隧道F7断层施工力学行为研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2007.3(2)：277-282.
[8]董勤银,宋建平.乌鞘岭隧道F7活动断层设计与施工[J].隧道建设,2005.25(3)：58-61.
[9]赵旭峰,王春苗.乌鞘岭隧道F7软弱断层大变形控制技术[J].施工技术,2006.35(2)：62-64,79.
[10]苑郁林,周群立.乌鞘岭隧道穿越F7断层隧道变形机理分析及其支护措施的探讨研究[J].中国铁路,2005.(2)：20-23.
[11]Ya-Ching Liu, Chao-Shi Chen. A new approach for application of rock mass classification on rock slope stability assessment [J], Engineering Geology,89(2007), 129-143.
[12]翟学东.乌鞘岭隧道大台竖井井筒衬砌安全快速施工[J].隧道建设,2008.28(3)339-343.348.
[13]李永生,罗锡波.乌鞘岭隧道大台竖井施工通风技术[J].隧道建设,2005.25(5)61-64.
[14]侯希宝,宋建平.乌鞘岭隧道大台竖井钻爆施工技术[J].隧道建设,2004.24(4)41-44.
[15]Vladimir Yu. Sokolov, Chin-Hsiung Loh and Wen-Yu Jean. Application of horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) Fourier spectral ratio for analysis of site effect on rock (NEHRP-class B) sites in Taiwan [J], Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Volume 27, Issue 4, April 2007, Pages 314-323.
[16]Arild Palmstrom, Hakan Stille. Ground behaviour and rock engineering tools for underground excavations [J], Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, Volume 22, Issue 4, July 2007, Pages 363-376.
[17]李响,钱伟平.乌鞘岭隧道地质条件综述[J].铁道勘察,2005.(4)：57-61.
[18]李国良.乌鞘岭隧道辅助坑道的设置[J].现代隧道技术,2006.43(2)：38-43.
[19]李国良,朱永全.乌鞘岭隧道高地应力软弱围岩大变形控制技术[J].铁道工程学报,2008.(3)：54-59.
[20]宋建平,董勤银.乌鞘岭隧道岭脊段复杂地质变形控制技术研究与应用[J].铁道标准设计,2005.(9)：4-12,129.
[21]齐景嶽,刘正雄,张儒林等.隧道爆破现代技术[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,1995年.
[22]李俊.内昆铁路毛家坡隧道光面爆破技术[A].第六届全路工程爆破学术会议铁道工程爆破文集[C].北京：中国铁道出版社,2000年,294-298.
[23]周乾刚,方俊波.乌鞘岭隧道岭脊段控制千枚岩大变形快速施工[J].隧道建设,2007.27(4)：43-47.
[24]王丙堤.乌鞘岭隧道岭脊段千枚岩变形特征及施工方法[J].现代隧道技术,2006.43(1)：77-80.
[25]周顺华,高渠清,崔之鉴.开挖应力释放率计算模型[J].上海力学,1997,18(1)：91-98.
[26]夏才初,李永盛.地下工程测试理论与监测技术[M],上海：同济大学出版社,1999年.
[27]卿三惠,黄润秋.乌鞘岭隧道软岩大变形防治技术问题探讨[J].路基工程,2005.(4)：93-96.
[28]王志坚.乌鞘岭隧道深埋志留系地层大变形控制技术[J].铁道标准设计,2005.(1)10-14.
[29]Wenge Qiu、Junru Zhang、Dongmei Li, Design of replaceable structural lining sements, Underground Space, WTC2007:1457-1460.
[30]刘成君,万连余,刘永清.乌鞘岭隧道施工质量控制[J].铁道标准设计,2005.(9)：130-132.
[31]温新亮.乌鞘岭隧道斜井快速施工技术[J].西部探矿技术,2005.(3)：132-133.
[32]万连余.乌鞘岭隧道右线膨胀岩地段施工技术[J].铁道标准设计,2005.(9)：114-115.
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