大断面浅埋土质隧道力学行为研究
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摘要
随着我国经济建设的快速发展,大断面浅埋土质隧道广泛应用于高速公路的建设中。土是一种特殊的围岩,有着其特殊的力学性质。鉴于土质公路隧道土体及衬砌的力学特性研究不足的状况,本文以哈尔滨天恒山隧道为工程背景,对土质隧道进行了围岩压力和受力性状研究。
首先,本文结合哈尔滨天恒山隧道的多点位移计的测量工作,利用MATLAB BP神经网络工具箱和ANSYS10.0,基于结构分析有限元法,由正演分析建立了不同围岩力学参数与隧道围岩变形关系的人工神经网络训练样本。结合施工过程中量测到的隧道围岩的多点位移计数值,通过网络仿真得到了相应的围岩力学参数。
其次,根据天恒山隧道工程的实际状况,本文采用ANSYS对隧道建立二维平面应变模型,分析了D-P模型中土体参数对土体和衬砌结构性状的影响。
再次,论文根据反演结果建立了三维有限元模型,并进行计算。通过对计算结果的整理和分析,得出了土质隧道随隧道开挖受力变形规律,确定了2倍洞径埋深下的土质隧道开挖扰动范围,应力释放率,开挖面前后的大小主应力变化规律,并对支护结构的受力性状和二次衬砌的安全性进行了分析,从而为设计和施工方案的优选提供依据。
另外,论文还对对天恒山隧道的土压力进行了研究,通过公式计算和数值计算,得出结论:对于天恒山这样的粘性土隧道,由于围岩很软弱,基本不具有自支护能力,必须采用全土柱法进行围岩压力计算才足够安全。
With the rapid development of economic construction,shallow and large-section soil tunnels are widely used in highway construction.Soil has its own unique mechanical properties as one especial rock.in view of poor researches on stress characteristics of soil highway tunnel.As the background to tianhengshan tunnel in Harbin,the paper studied the rock pressure and characters in force of soil tunnel.
First,combination of Harbin Tianhengshan tunnel displacement meter measurement job, the use of MATLAB BP neural network toolbox and ANSYS10.0,structural analysis based on finite element method,the artificial neural network training samples of the relationship between the different mechanical parameters of surrounding rock and tunnel surrounding rock deformation is set up by positive direction analysis.combination of the construction process are measured from the tunnel measured displacement meter values,through the network simulation get the corresponding mechanical parameters of surrounding rock.
Secondly,according to the actual situation of the tianhengshan tunnel,this article established the tunnel's two-dimensional plane strain model by using ANSYS,and analyzed that the soil parameters of DP model effected on characters of soil and lining structure.
Third,the paper established three-dimensional finite element model in accordance with the results of inversion and calculated.through the results of the collation and analysis,the paper came to the law of the soil tunnel deformation with the tunnel excavation, obtained the scope of the tunnel excavation disturbance,stress release rate,Changes of principal stress,and analyzed the characters in force of supporting structure and the safety of the secondary lining,so as to providing the basis for design and construction optimization programs.
In addition,the paper also studied the earth pressure of tianhengshan tunnel.through theoretical calculations and numerical calculation,come to the conclusion:for the tunnels like tianhengshan,as a result of very weak rock,hardly having basical self-support capabilities, we must adopt the entire soil column method calculation of rock pressure,which would be sufficient security.
首先,本文结合哈尔滨天恒山隧道的多点位移计的测量工作,利用MATLAB BP神经网络工具箱和ANSYS10.0,基于结构分析有限元法,由正演分析建立了不同围岩力学参数与隧道围岩变形关系的人工神经网络训练样本。结合施工过程中量测到的隧道围岩的多点位移计数值,通过网络仿真得到了相应的围岩力学参数。
其次,根据天恒山隧道工程的实际状况,本文采用ANSYS对隧道建立二维平面应变模型,分析了D-P模型中土体参数对土体和衬砌结构性状的影响。
再次,论文根据反演结果建立了三维有限元模型,并进行计算。通过对计算结果的整理和分析,得出了土质隧道随隧道开挖受力变形规律,确定了2倍洞径埋深下的土质隧道开挖扰动范围,应力释放率,开挖面前后的大小主应力变化规律,并对支护结构的受力性状和二次衬砌的安全性进行了分析,从而为设计和施工方案的优选提供依据。
另外,论文还对对天恒山隧道的土压力进行了研究,通过公式计算和数值计算,得出结论:对于天恒山这样的粘性土隧道,由于围岩很软弱,基本不具有自支护能力,必须采用全土柱法进行围岩压力计算才足够安全。
With the rapid development of economic construction,shallow and large-section soil tunnels are widely used in highway construction.Soil has its own unique mechanical properties as one especial rock.in view of poor researches on stress characteristics of soil highway tunnel.As the background to tianhengshan tunnel in Harbin,the paper studied the rock pressure and characters in force of soil tunnel.
First,combination of Harbin Tianhengshan tunnel displacement meter measurement job, the use of MATLAB BP neural network toolbox and ANSYS10.0,structural analysis based on finite element method,the artificial neural network training samples of the relationship between the different mechanical parameters of surrounding rock and tunnel surrounding rock deformation is set up by positive direction analysis.combination of the construction process are measured from the tunnel measured displacement meter values,through the network simulation get the corresponding mechanical parameters of surrounding rock.
Secondly,according to the actual situation of the tianhengshan tunnel,this article established the tunnel's two-dimensional plane strain model by using ANSYS,and analyzed that the soil parameters of DP model effected on characters of soil and lining structure.
Third,the paper established three-dimensional finite element model in accordance with the results of inversion and calculated.through the results of the collation and analysis,the paper came to the law of the soil tunnel deformation with the tunnel excavation, obtained the scope of the tunnel excavation disturbance,stress release rate,Changes of principal stress,and analyzed the characters in force of supporting structure and the safety of the secondary lining,so as to providing the basis for design and construction optimization programs.
In addition,the paper also studied the earth pressure of tianhengshan tunnel.through theoretical calculations and numerical calculation,come to the conclusion:for the tunnels like tianhengshan,as a result of very weak rock,hardly having basical self-support capabilities, we must adopt the entire soil column method calculation of rock pressure,which would be sufficient security.
引文
[1]易萍丽.现代隧道设计与施工[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1997.
[2]张秦秋.采用管棚法处理土质隧道塌方[J].铁道建筑,1999,(9):14-15.
[3]徐维垣.土质隧道新奥法设计施工[J].铁道标准设计,1997,(4):20-22.
[4]张金荣.锚喷构筑法在土质隧道中的应用[J].西部探矿工程,1995,7(6):59-61.
[5]刘祖典.黄土力学与工程[M].陕西科学技术出版社,1997.
[6]W.Parker.世界上直径最大的土质隧道[J].隧道译丛,1984,(9):11-12
[7]赵占厂等.黄土公路隧道衬砌特性测试研究.中国公路学报,2004,17(1):66-69.
[8]赵占厂等.黄土公路隧道围岩压力测试分析.现代隧道技术,2003,40(2):58-61.
[9]方正昌.黄土洞室地层压力的统计分析.岩土工程学报,1981,3(1):28-35.
[10]孙钧,侯学渊.地下结构[M].北京:科学出版社,1987.
[11]孙辉.黄土连拱隧道围岩与支护结构稳定性研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2005.
[12]沈卫平.浅埋黄土隧道施工方法及支护受力研究[J].岩土工程界,2000,3(4):29-32.
[13]李德武.黄土隧道钢拱架受力量测与有限元分析[J].公路,2005,(8):180-183.
[14]申春生.双连拱隧道施工过程弹塑性有限元数值分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(z2):4946-4951.
[15]宋战平.严寒地区大断面浅埋土质隧道施工方法探讨[J].水利与建筑工程学报,2008,6(3):74-77
[16]孙钧.地下结构有限元法解析[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1988.
[17]阚前华等.ANSYS高级工程应用实例分析与二次开发[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[18]夏永旭.隧道结构力学计算[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2004.
[19]潘昌实.隧道力学数值方法[M]北京:中国铁道出版社,1995.
[20]关宝树.隧道力学概论[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,1993.
[21]周建春等.采用BP神经网络反演隧道围岩力学参数[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23:941-945.
[22]Yang Zhifa,Liu Zhuhua,Wang Sijing.1983.A practical back-analysis method from displacements to estimate some parameters of a rock mass for design of an underground opening[J].Proceedings of International Symopsium on Field Measurements in Geomechanics,Zurich,1267-1276.
[23]C.W.W.,Lings,Back-analysing the bending moment in a concrete diaphrahm wall,Struct Endr.,70,1992.
[24]S.Sakurai,K.Takeuchi.Back Analysis of Measured Displacement of Tunnels.Rock Mech and Rock Eng.,Vol.16,No.3,1983,173-180.
[25]A.Gens,A.Ledesmooetal.Back analysis using prior information-application to the staged excavation of a cavern in rock.Num.Meth.In Gromech.,Inbruck,1988,2009-2016.
[26]王鑫.信息化设计与施工技术在公路隧道中的应用[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2008.
[27]张德丰.MATLAB神经网络应用设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2009,100-102.
[28]公路隧道设计规范(JTGD70-2004)[S].北京.人民交通出版社.2004.
[29]肖林萍.基于有限元法的隧道围岩压力计算与分析方法研究[J].地矿测绘.2008,24(3):1-3.
[30]朱正国.连拱隧道围岩压力计算方法与动态施工力学行为研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2007.
[31]伍国军.浅埋大跨隧道围岩参数的敏感性研究[J].岩土力学.2006,(7):30-33.
[32]S.H.Wang.J.X.Liu,C.A.Tang.Stability analysis of a large-span,deep tunnel.International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences 41(2004)536.
[33]M.S.Diederichs,P.K.Kaiser.Stability of large excavations in laminated hard rock masses the vouss-oriana-logue revisited.International Journal of Rock Vlec-hanks and Mining Sciences 36(1999)97-117.
[34]邦群友.基坑支护结构对土性参数的敏感性分析[J].江西电力,2001,25(3):22-25
[35]谭晓慧.平面滑动边坡的可靠度计算及敏感性分析[J].安徽地质,2001,(11),1:49-53
[36]李敏.海底隧道衬砌结构可靠度研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2005
[37]赵占广.黄土公路隧道结构工程性状研究[D].西安:长安大学,2004
[38]王呼佳等.ANSYS工程分析进阶实例[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006
[39]博弈工作室.ANSYS结构有限元高级分析技术与范例实例[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2004.
[40]李权.ANSYS在土木工程中的应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2005
[41]李围等.隧道及地下工程ANSYS实例分析[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2008.
[42]赵旭峰.挤压性围岩隧道施工时空效应及其大变形控制研究[D].上海:同济大学,2007.
[43]李小红。隧道开挖数值模拟过程中荷载释放率的确定[J]。土工基础。2008,22(3):66-69.
[44]曾小清,孙钧,曹志远.隧道工程施工过程中的力学分析[J].同济大学学报,1998,vol.26(5):512-515.
[45]肖明.地下洞室施工开挖三维动态过程数值模拟分析[J].岩土工程学报,2000,22(4):421-425.
[46]N.Phienwej,C.P.Hong,A.Sirivachirapom.Evaluation of ground movements in EPB-shield tunnelling for Bangkok MRT by 3D-numerical analysis.Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2006,(21):273.
[47]Kielbassa S,Duddeck H.Stress-Strain Fields at Face-Three Dimensional Analysis for Two Dimensional Technical.Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,1991,24(2):115-132.
[48]M.Madam.Analysis Method of Tunnels Excavation.Tunnels & Tunneling,1991,(5):71-74.
[49]郭春.CRD法开挖对海底隧道结构内力及安全系数影响[J].水文地质工程地质.2009,(1):75-79.
[50]杨家岭,朱维申,邱祥波.三维粘弹塑有限元分析在隧道工程中的应用[J].岩土力学,1997,18:147-151.
[51]金丰年,钱七虎.隧洞开挖的三维有限元计算[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1996,15(3):193-200.
[2]张秦秋.采用管棚法处理土质隧道塌方[J].铁道建筑,1999,(9):14-15.
[3]徐维垣.土质隧道新奥法设计施工[J].铁道标准设计,1997,(4):20-22.
[4]张金荣.锚喷构筑法在土质隧道中的应用[J].西部探矿工程,1995,7(6):59-61.
[5]刘祖典.黄土力学与工程[M].陕西科学技术出版社,1997.
[6]W.Parker.世界上直径最大的土质隧道[J].隧道译丛,1984,(9):11-12
[7]赵占厂等.黄土公路隧道衬砌特性测试研究.中国公路学报,2004,17(1):66-69.
[8]赵占厂等.黄土公路隧道围岩压力测试分析.现代隧道技术,2003,40(2):58-61.
[9]方正昌.黄土洞室地层压力的统计分析.岩土工程学报,1981,3(1):28-35.
[10]孙钧,侯学渊.地下结构[M].北京:科学出版社,1987.
[11]孙辉.黄土连拱隧道围岩与支护结构稳定性研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2005.
[12]沈卫平.浅埋黄土隧道施工方法及支护受力研究[J].岩土工程界,2000,3(4):29-32.
[13]李德武.黄土隧道钢拱架受力量测与有限元分析[J].公路,2005,(8):180-183.
[14]申春生.双连拱隧道施工过程弹塑性有限元数值分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(z2):4946-4951.
[15]宋战平.严寒地区大断面浅埋土质隧道施工方法探讨[J].水利与建筑工程学报,2008,6(3):74-77
[16]孙钧.地下结构有限元法解析[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1988.
[17]阚前华等.ANSYS高级工程应用实例分析与二次开发[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[18]夏永旭.隧道结构力学计算[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2004.
[19]潘昌实.隧道力学数值方法[M]北京:中国铁道出版社,1995.
[20]关宝树.隧道力学概论[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,1993.
[21]周建春等.采用BP神经网络反演隧道围岩力学参数[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23:941-945.
[22]Yang Zhifa,Liu Zhuhua,Wang Sijing.1983.A practical back-analysis method from displacements to estimate some parameters of a rock mass for design of an underground opening[J].Proceedings of International Symopsium on Field Measurements in Geomechanics,Zurich,1267-1276.
[23]C.W.W.,Lings,Back-analysing the bending moment in a concrete diaphrahm wall,Struct Endr.,70,1992.
[24]S.Sakurai,K.Takeuchi.Back Analysis of Measured Displacement of Tunnels.Rock Mech and Rock Eng.,Vol.16,No.3,1983,173-180.
[25]A.Gens,A.Ledesmooetal.Back analysis using prior information-application to the staged excavation of a cavern in rock.Num.Meth.In Gromech.,Inbruck,1988,2009-2016.
[26]王鑫.信息化设计与施工技术在公路隧道中的应用[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2008.
[27]张德丰.MATLAB神经网络应用设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2009,100-102.
[28]公路隧道设计规范(JTGD70-2004)[S].北京.人民交通出版社.2004.
[29]肖林萍.基于有限元法的隧道围岩压力计算与分析方法研究[J].地矿测绘.2008,24(3):1-3.
[30]朱正国.连拱隧道围岩压力计算方法与动态施工力学行为研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2007.
[31]伍国军.浅埋大跨隧道围岩参数的敏感性研究[J].岩土力学.2006,(7):30-33.
[32]S.H.Wang.J.X.Liu,C.A.Tang.Stability analysis of a large-span,deep tunnel.International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences 41(2004)536.
[33]M.S.Diederichs,P.K.Kaiser.Stability of large excavations in laminated hard rock masses the vouss-oriana-logue revisited.International Journal of Rock Vlec-hanks and Mining Sciences 36(1999)97-117.
[34]邦群友.基坑支护结构对土性参数的敏感性分析[J].江西电力,2001,25(3):22-25
[35]谭晓慧.平面滑动边坡的可靠度计算及敏感性分析[J].安徽地质,2001,(11),1:49-53
[36]李敏.海底隧道衬砌结构可靠度研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2005
[37]赵占广.黄土公路隧道结构工程性状研究[D].西安:长安大学,2004
[38]王呼佳等.ANSYS工程分析进阶实例[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006
[39]博弈工作室.ANSYS结构有限元高级分析技术与范例实例[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2004.
[40]李权.ANSYS在土木工程中的应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2005
[41]李围等.隧道及地下工程ANSYS实例分析[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2008.
[42]赵旭峰.挤压性围岩隧道施工时空效应及其大变形控制研究[D].上海:同济大学,2007.
[43]李小红。隧道开挖数值模拟过程中荷载释放率的确定[J]。土工基础。2008,22(3):66-69.
[44]曾小清,孙钧,曹志远.隧道工程施工过程中的力学分析[J].同济大学学报,1998,vol.26(5):512-515.
[45]肖明.地下洞室施工开挖三维动态过程数值模拟分析[J].岩土工程学报,2000,22(4):421-425.
[46]N.Phienwej,C.P.Hong,A.Sirivachirapom.Evaluation of ground movements in EPB-shield tunnelling for Bangkok MRT by 3D-numerical analysis.Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2006,(21):273.
[47]Kielbassa S,Duddeck H.Stress-Strain Fields at Face-Three Dimensional Analysis for Two Dimensional Technical.Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,1991,24(2):115-132.
[48]M.Madam.Analysis Method of Tunnels Excavation.Tunnels & Tunneling,1991,(5):71-74.
[49]郭春.CRD法开挖对海底隧道结构内力及安全系数影响[J].水文地质工程地质.2009,(1):75-79.
[50]杨家岭,朱维申,邱祥波.三维粘弹塑有限元分析在隧道工程中的应用[J].岩土力学,1997,18:147-151.
[51]金丰年,钱七虎.隧洞开挖的三维有限元计算[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1996,15(3):193-200.