我国小额贷款公司的风险分析
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摘要
小额信贷是一种以城乡低收入阶层为服务对象的小规模的金融服务方式,自上世纪70年代兴起后,在国际上迅猛发展。我国于20世纪80年代起逐渐开始了小额信贷的试点,并于2005年6月进入了探索“商业性小额信贷”的全新阶段,小额贷款公司这一新型组织如雨后春笋般在全国各地涌现。发展小额贷款公司有利于促进“三农”及中小企业更好地发展,有利于探索民间金融发展的有效途径,有利于促进我国经济的发展与腾飞。但是,小额贷款公司在我国的发展历史仅有七年,尚处于探索阶段,在其发展的过程中,存在着许多来自外部和自身的风险因素,对于小额贷款公司未来的发展有着不利的影响。因此,对小额贷款公司的风险进行分析与研究,对于小额贷款公司有效地控制和降低风险,提高自身的盈利能力具有实用价值,对于我国的经济发展也具有重要的意义。
本文以印度小额信贷危机为背景,着重探讨了我国小额贷款公司在发展过程中所面临的外部风险和内部风险。本文从理论研究和现实发展两个方面形成了系统的分析,首先是以小额信贷的相关理论为基础,对选题的背景、目的和意义进行了相关的说明,阐述了论文的研究思路和研究方法,并且对国内外学术界的相关理论研究进行了综述,找出了研究中的不足之处。然后介绍了我国小额贷款公司兴起的背景和发展现状,以安徽省合肥市小额贷款公司的发展情况为例,对合肥市十家小额贷款公司的财务进行了分析,从中得出了小额贷款公司目前存在的一些问题及风险。
印度小额信贷危机的爆发,对于全球小额信贷业产生了极大的震动,也给小额信贷的发展敲响了警钟。由于印度商业性的小额信贷与我国的小额贷款公司存在着许多相似之处,所以印度小额信贷危机的发生对于我国小额贷款公司的发展有着重要的启示作用。虽然目前我国小额贷款公司发生危机的可能性极小,但是我国小额贷款公司在发展的道路上存在着很多的问题与潜在的风险,所以,预防与控制风险的发生是我国小额贷款公司不容忽视的课题。
目前我国小额贷款公司存在着很多潜在的风险因素,有自身的,也有外部环境所带来的。本文重点分析了我国小额贷款公司的外部风险与内部风险,并且结合印度小额信贷危机的启示,对于我国小额贷款公司如何控制与降低风险给出了相关的对策和建议,为促进我国小额贷款公司的发展提供了一定的指导和借鉴。
最后,本文对小额贷款公司未来的发展做出了展望。作者认为村镇银行并非小额贷款公司最好的出路,从现实情况来看,小额贷款公司未来应该定位于“新型非存款类金融机构”,在明确小额贷款公司金融机构性质的同时,不能偏离其设立的初衷,要使小额贷款公司更好地服务于中小企业与三农,使其在这些领域发挥作用,使得弱势群体同样享受到金融服务,为促进国民经济的发展发挥更重要的作用。
Micro-credit is a kind of small scale financial services for the low income estate in the urban and rural. It has developed rapidly since seventies last century. In the eighties, micro-credit was introduced into China, and in June,2005, we started the new stage of "the commercial micro-credit". The micro-loan companies have mushroomed emerged across the country. The development of the micro-loan companies can promote the development of the "three rural" and SMEs, explore a effective way of the folk finance, promote the development of the economy of our country. But the micro-credit companies only has a history of less than seven years in China, still in the exploratory stage, there are many risk factors from outside and inside in the course of its development, they have adverse effects to the future development of the companies. Therefore, the analysis and research of the micro-loan companies can control and reduce risk, it has practical value on improving the profitability, it also has great significance for the development of the economy.
This article take the India's micro-credit crisis as the background, discusses the risks from outside and inside in the development processes. I focus on the impacts from inside structure and outside environment to these micro-loan companies. Firstly this article introduces the related theories、backgrounds、purposes and significances, explains the research ideas and methods, reviews the related theory research of the academic circles at home and aboard, finds out the shortcomings in the studies, then this article introduces the current development of the micro-loan companies in our country. As the city of Hefei for example, I analyze ten companies and find out the problems and risks of them.
The micro-credit crisis in India has a great shock to the global micro-credit industry, also has sounded the alarm bell to the development of the micro-credit. The India's commercial micro-credit and China's micro-credit company have many similarities, so the micro-credit crisis has important enlightenment to our country. Although the possibility of the crisis in our country is unlikely at present, there are a lot of problems and potential risks in our micro-credit companies, we can't ignore the prevention and control of the risks.
At present, our micro-credit companies have many potential risk factors. This article focuses on the analysis of the outside and inside risks, and combines with the India's micro-credit crisis, then gives measures and suggestions, provides the certain guidances and references to the development of the micro-credit companies.
Finally, the paper make a prospect to the micro-loan companies. The author thinks the rural bank is not the best way of the micro-loan companies, from a realistic point of view, the micro-loan companies should be positioned on the" new non deposit-taking financial institutions", we must clear the micro-loan companies are financial institutions, at the same time, we cannot deviate the aim of establishing the micro-loan companies, the micro-loan companies must make a better service to the the "three rural" and SMEs, make an important role in the area, make the vulnerable groups equal access to the financial services, play an more important role to promote the development of the national economy.
本文以印度小额信贷危机为背景,着重探讨了我国小额贷款公司在发展过程中所面临的外部风险和内部风险。本文从理论研究和现实发展两个方面形成了系统的分析,首先是以小额信贷的相关理论为基础,对选题的背景、目的和意义进行了相关的说明,阐述了论文的研究思路和研究方法,并且对国内外学术界的相关理论研究进行了综述,找出了研究中的不足之处。然后介绍了我国小额贷款公司兴起的背景和发展现状,以安徽省合肥市小额贷款公司的发展情况为例,对合肥市十家小额贷款公司的财务进行了分析,从中得出了小额贷款公司目前存在的一些问题及风险。
印度小额信贷危机的爆发,对于全球小额信贷业产生了极大的震动,也给小额信贷的发展敲响了警钟。由于印度商业性的小额信贷与我国的小额贷款公司存在着许多相似之处,所以印度小额信贷危机的发生对于我国小额贷款公司的发展有着重要的启示作用。虽然目前我国小额贷款公司发生危机的可能性极小,但是我国小额贷款公司在发展的道路上存在着很多的问题与潜在的风险,所以,预防与控制风险的发生是我国小额贷款公司不容忽视的课题。
目前我国小额贷款公司存在着很多潜在的风险因素,有自身的,也有外部环境所带来的。本文重点分析了我国小额贷款公司的外部风险与内部风险,并且结合印度小额信贷危机的启示,对于我国小额贷款公司如何控制与降低风险给出了相关的对策和建议,为促进我国小额贷款公司的发展提供了一定的指导和借鉴。
最后,本文对小额贷款公司未来的发展做出了展望。作者认为村镇银行并非小额贷款公司最好的出路,从现实情况来看,小额贷款公司未来应该定位于“新型非存款类金融机构”,在明确小额贷款公司金融机构性质的同时,不能偏离其设立的初衷,要使小额贷款公司更好地服务于中小企业与三农,使其在这些领域发挥作用,使得弱势群体同样享受到金融服务,为促进国民经济的发展发挥更重要的作用。
Micro-credit is a kind of small scale financial services for the low income estate in the urban and rural. It has developed rapidly since seventies last century. In the eighties, micro-credit was introduced into China, and in June,2005, we started the new stage of "the commercial micro-credit". The micro-loan companies have mushroomed emerged across the country. The development of the micro-loan companies can promote the development of the "three rural" and SMEs, explore a effective way of the folk finance, promote the development of the economy of our country. But the micro-credit companies only has a history of less than seven years in China, still in the exploratory stage, there are many risk factors from outside and inside in the course of its development, they have adverse effects to the future development of the companies. Therefore, the analysis and research of the micro-loan companies can control and reduce risk, it has practical value on improving the profitability, it also has great significance for the development of the economy.
This article take the India's micro-credit crisis as the background, discusses the risks from outside and inside in the development processes. I focus on the impacts from inside structure and outside environment to these micro-loan companies. Firstly this article introduces the related theories、backgrounds、purposes and significances, explains the research ideas and methods, reviews the related theory research of the academic circles at home and aboard, finds out the shortcomings in the studies, then this article introduces the current development of the micro-loan companies in our country. As the city of Hefei for example, I analyze ten companies and find out the problems and risks of them.
The micro-credit crisis in India has a great shock to the global micro-credit industry, also has sounded the alarm bell to the development of the micro-credit. The India's commercial micro-credit and China's micro-credit company have many similarities, so the micro-credit crisis has important enlightenment to our country. Although the possibility of the crisis in our country is unlikely at present, there are a lot of problems and potential risks in our micro-credit companies, we can't ignore the prevention and control of the risks.
At present, our micro-credit companies have many potential risk factors. This article focuses on the analysis of the outside and inside risks, and combines with the India's micro-credit crisis, then gives measures and suggestions, provides the certain guidances and references to the development of the micro-credit companies.
Finally, the paper make a prospect to the micro-loan companies. The author thinks the rural bank is not the best way of the micro-loan companies, from a realistic point of view, the micro-loan companies should be positioned on the" new non deposit-taking financial institutions", we must clear the micro-loan companies are financial institutions, at the same time, we cannot deviate the aim of establishing the micro-loan companies, the micro-loan companies must make a better service to the the "three rural" and SMEs, make an important role in the area, make the vulnerable groups equal access to the financial services, play an more important role to promote the development of the national economy.
引文
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3汪合黔,汪芹,陈燕玲.创新与发展中的小额贷款公司[M].安徽大学出版社,2010年
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8汪合黔,汪芹,陈燕玲.创新与发展中的小额贷款公司[M].安徽大学出版社,2010年
16高霞印度小额信贷危机对我国的启示
17小额贷款公司指导手册
18小额贷款公司指导手册
19国务院关于鼓励和引导民间投资健康发展的若十意见
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3汪合黔,汪芹,陈燕玲.创新与发展中的小额贷款公司[M].安徽大学出版社,2010年
7Hema Bansal. SHG-Bank Linkage Program in India. Journal of Microf inance[J].2003, (05):21-50
8汪合黔,汪芹,陈燕玲.创新与发展中的小额贷款公司[M].安徽大学出版社,2010年
16高霞印度小额信贷危机对我国的启示
17小额贷款公司指导手册
18小额贷款公司指导手册
19国务院关于鼓励和引导民间投资健康发展的若十意见
[1]中国人民银行小额信贷专题组.小额贷款公司指导手册[M].中国金融出版社,2006年.
[2]吴晓灵,焦瑾璞.中国小额信贷蓝皮书[2009,2010][M].经济科学出版社,2011年.
[3]汪合黔,汪芹,陈燕玲.创新与发展中的小额贷款公司[M].安徽大学出版社,2010年.
[4]江乾坤.小额信贷创新发展与浙江实证研究[M].经济科学出版社,2008年.
[5]夏灿华,王灿,夏启淮.小额贷款公司风险管理与业务操作实务[M].湖南人民出版社,2010年.
[6]曹子娟.中国小额信贷发展研究[M].中国时代经济出版社,2005年.
[7]陈燕玲.金融风险管理[M]安徽大学出版社,2008年.
[8]宋克玉.我国小额贷款公司风险管理问题探析[J].北方经济2008,(20)：68-70.
[9]施金影.小额贷款公司运营中风险管理问题的思考[J].财经研究2009,(16)：56-58.
[10]李祥昆.论现阶段小额贷款公司生存中的危机与对策[J].产业与科技论坛2009,(06)：230-231.
[11]焦瑾璞.小额信贷在中国[J].中国金融家2007,(04)：60-64.
[12]章敏.关于我国小额贷款公司试点中若干问题的思考[J].金融与经济2010,(07)：26-28.
[13]闫雪,卢继梁.提高小额贷款公司风险控制力的创新型途径一建立小额贷款公司的信用评估体系[J].中国经贸导刊2010,(16)：65-65.
[14]申韬.基于软集合的小额贷款公司信用风险评估[J].南方金融2010,(8)：79-82.
[15]李燕梅.我国小额贷款公司风险探究[J].经济管理者2009,(22)：182-182.
[16]陈时兴,曹国杰.我国小额贷款公司与孟加拉乡村银行的比较研究[J].中共浙江省委党校学报2010,(05)：121-125.
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