微波管电子光学系统CAD技术研究
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摘要
微波管是一种将带电粒子的动能转变为超高频电磁场能的功率放大器件,广泛用于数据通信、电子对抗、预警飞机、火控雷达、精密制导,在现代军事电子装备中显示出不可取代的重要作用。微波管的研制涉及到电子光学、磁学、阴极电子学、微波电子学、电磁场理论、材料学、机械与热分析诸多学科,工艺过程十分复杂。计算机技术的发展与应用,极大地促进了微波管技术的进步。同时,CAD已经成为研制行波管的主要手段,提高微波管的设计能力,缩短开发周期,减少整管硬件实验,改善微波管性能,固化已有经验,也愈来愈离不开计算机辅助设计。电子光学系统由电子枪、聚焦系统和降压收集极三部分组成,内容涉及电子注的产生、成形、维持和收集,是微波管的重要组成部分。电子光学系统提供的电子注质量和相关参量从根本上决定了诸如效率、增益、工作稳定性和噪声特性等微波管的重要参量。采用计算机模拟和CAD技术是改进和优化设计、提高电子注质量的重要手段。
本论文工作延续总装备部军事电子预研“九五”重点项目“宽带大功率行波管CAD技术研究”,在总装备部军事电子预研“十五”重点项目“微波管CAD技术研究”和总装备部军事电子预研“十一五”重点项目“微波管CAD技术”的资助下,立题“微波管电子光学系统CAD技术研究”,对微波管电子光学系统的基础理论和CAD技术进行了全面和深入的研究。采用现代软件工程化思想结合面向对象分析设计方法以及微波管电子光学基本物理模型,开发和改进了二维行波管电子光学系统各部件CAD软件,其中包括电子枪模拟软件UESTC GUN、周期永磁聚焦系统模拟软件UESTC PPM、多级降压收集极模拟软件UESTC MDC及电子光学一体化设计软件UESTC EOS,研究轴对称情况下的行波管电子光学系统器件工作状态,并在国内相关工厂和研究所推广使用,为电子光学系统器件的设计和优化提供了方便、准确、快捷的工具。在此基础之上,开发了全三维有限元微波管电子光学系统模拟软件EOS,主要模拟对象为微波管电子光学系统中常用器件,如轴对称电子枪、栅控电子枪、多注电子枪、非轴对称多级降压收集极等,并进行了大量测试,满足工程设计需要。同时根据相关理论,开发出应用于离子光学中的离子引出模拟软件IOS,并与OOPIC软件进行对比,结果吻合。
Microwave tubes (MWTs) are broadband, high power, high gain microwave /millimeterwave amplifiers, which, taking an irreplaceable role in modern military electronic equipment, are widely used in communications, electronic warfare and radar systems. However, the manufacture of WMTs is quite complicated involved in many disciplines, such as electron optics, magnetics, cathode electronics, microwave electronics, electromagnetic fields theory, materials, mechanics and pyrology. The technologies on WMTs have been making great progress with developments and applications of computers, which, enhancing design abilities, reducing production periods, decreasing hardware experiments, improving performance, solidifying known experiences, all of these are deeply dependent on. Computer aided design (CAD) has become a key technology in producing WMTs. Electron optics system in WMTs, which consists of electron gun, focusing system and collectors, deals with the generation, formation, sustentation and collection of electron beam, is the important part of WMTs. The quality of electron beam, which offered by electron optics system, determines fundamentally the WMTs' crucial parameters such as efficiency, gain, working stability and noise characteristic etc. Using computer simulation and CAD technique is a significant way to ameliorate and optimize design for advancing the quality of electron beam. To continue the "95 Plan" pre-study project of Study of CAD technology for Wide Band High Power Traveling Wave Tubes(TWTs), supported by the "105 Plan" pre-study project of Study of CAD technology for Microwave tubes and the "115 Plan" pre-study project of CAD technology for Microwave tubes, this paper studied comprehensively and deeply the CAD technique for electron optics system in MWTs. Based on the modern software engineering, object-oriented design (OOD) and essential physical model of electron optics in MWTs, some 2-dimensional CAD softwares for each components of TWTs' electron optics are developmented, which include UESTC_GUN (for electron gun), UESTC_PPM (for periodic permanent magnetic focusing), UESTC_MDC (for multistage depressed collector) and UESTC_EOS (for incorporate electron optics). These softwares take up with the research of axisymmetric devices. And they are well applied as convenient, accurate and shortcut design tools in correlative research institute and manufactory. Base on these antecedent works, a new fully 3-dimentional (3D) software is developmented, which specifically targets problem classes including gridded gun, sheet-beam gun, multi-beam gun, non-axisymmetric multistage depressed collector (MDC) and so on. According to the theoretical pertinence, IOS, the software for simulation of ion beam extraction applied to ion optics, is developed.
本论文工作延续总装备部军事电子预研“九五”重点项目“宽带大功率行波管CAD技术研究”,在总装备部军事电子预研“十五”重点项目“微波管CAD技术研究”和总装备部军事电子预研“十一五”重点项目“微波管CAD技术”的资助下,立题“微波管电子光学系统CAD技术研究”,对微波管电子光学系统的基础理论和CAD技术进行了全面和深入的研究。采用现代软件工程化思想结合面向对象分析设计方法以及微波管电子光学基本物理模型,开发和改进了二维行波管电子光学系统各部件CAD软件,其中包括电子枪模拟软件UESTC GUN、周期永磁聚焦系统模拟软件UESTC PPM、多级降压收集极模拟软件UESTC MDC及电子光学一体化设计软件UESTC EOS,研究轴对称情况下的行波管电子光学系统器件工作状态,并在国内相关工厂和研究所推广使用,为电子光学系统器件的设计和优化提供了方便、准确、快捷的工具。在此基础之上,开发了全三维有限元微波管电子光学系统模拟软件EOS,主要模拟对象为微波管电子光学系统中常用器件,如轴对称电子枪、栅控电子枪、多注电子枪、非轴对称多级降压收集极等,并进行了大量测试,满足工程设计需要。同时根据相关理论,开发出应用于离子光学中的离子引出模拟软件IOS,并与OOPIC软件进行对比,结果吻合。
Microwave tubes (MWTs) are broadband, high power, high gain microwave /millimeterwave amplifiers, which, taking an irreplaceable role in modern military electronic equipment, are widely used in communications, electronic warfare and radar systems. However, the manufacture of WMTs is quite complicated involved in many disciplines, such as electron optics, magnetics, cathode electronics, microwave electronics, electromagnetic fields theory, materials, mechanics and pyrology. The technologies on WMTs have been making great progress with developments and applications of computers, which, enhancing design abilities, reducing production periods, decreasing hardware experiments, improving performance, solidifying known experiences, all of these are deeply dependent on. Computer aided design (CAD) has become a key technology in producing WMTs. Electron optics system in WMTs, which consists of electron gun, focusing system and collectors, deals with the generation, formation, sustentation and collection of electron beam, is the important part of WMTs. The quality of electron beam, which offered by electron optics system, determines fundamentally the WMTs' crucial parameters such as efficiency, gain, working stability and noise characteristic etc. Using computer simulation and CAD technique is a significant way to ameliorate and optimize design for advancing the quality of electron beam. To continue the "95 Plan" pre-study project of Study of CAD technology for Wide Band High Power Traveling Wave Tubes(TWTs), supported by the "105 Plan" pre-study project of Study of CAD technology for Microwave tubes and the "115 Plan" pre-study project of CAD technology for Microwave tubes, this paper studied comprehensively and deeply the CAD technique for electron optics system in MWTs. Based on the modern software engineering, object-oriented design (OOD) and essential physical model of electron optics in MWTs, some 2-dimensional CAD softwares for each components of TWTs' electron optics are developmented, which include UESTC_GUN (for electron gun), UESTC_PPM (for periodic permanent magnetic focusing), UESTC_MDC (for multistage depressed collector) and UESTC_EOS (for incorporate electron optics). These softwares take up with the research of axisymmetric devices. And they are well applied as convenient, accurate and shortcut design tools in correlative research institute and manufactory. Base on these antecedent works, a new fully 3-dimentional (3D) software is developmented, which specifically targets problem classes including gridded gun, sheet-beam gun, multi-beam gun, non-axisymmetric multistage depressed collector (MDC) and so on. According to the theoretical pertinence, IOS, the software for simulation of ion beam extraction applied to ion optics, is developed.
引文
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