轻便快速振动冲击取样机具与钻进工艺的研究
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摘要
为了解决化探取样和环境取样在交通不便,缺水地区的实际问题,中国地质大学(北京)科学钻探国家专业实验室设立了浅层轻型取样机具研究开放课题。本论文就是依托此开放课题完成的。国内外在轻便钻机和钻具的研究上差距很大,如Mitcham公司的MK系列钻机、荷兰Eijkelkamp公司的取样器等居于世界领先水平。轻便快速振动冲击取样机具的研制可使国内的取样机具更加专门化,填补国内化探取样及环境取样中浅孔轻型取样机具研究的空白,解决化探取样和环境取样在特殊条件下的生产问题。
波动理论是研究有杆形部件的冲击机械系统理论问题的有效方法。论文在波动理论分析基础上,建立了振动冲击取样系统力学模型。通过分析一维弹性杆波动方程及其数值解,研究了激振器与钻杆撞击时应力波的产生、传播以及该应力波对振动冲击取样过程的影响。认为与弹性杆等波阻的细长状激振器能够产生理想的应力波波形,据此对激振器的形状进行了设计;把激振器、钻杆和取样器、土层工作介质综合为冲击取样系统,并对其进行波动力学分析,在弹性介质和塑性介质的情况下,分析了振动冲击取样系统的最优应力波波形,对粘塑性工作介质模型而言,矩形波是理想的应力波。
在上述波动理论分析的基础上,根据化探取样和环境取样对所取样品的要求并结合我国浅层轻型取样机具研究现状,设计了轻便取样钻具,它主要包括带弹卡定位键的钻杆、内衬半合管取样器。弹卡定位键即可以实现顶端冲击,又可以实现潜孔冲击,增大了深层取样的能力;设计的内衬半合管取样器解决了野外退样难的问题,又减轻了对样品的扰动;设计的单桅杆式机架和液压油缸起拔器,解决了小型钻机起拔能力不足的问题;同时设计了手动冲锤等配套机具,使整套机具重量轻、结构简单、组装拆卸方便,便于野外频繁移动。
振动冲击取样机具的主要优点为钻进速度快,特别适合取样数量多、孔位分散的取样作业;一次可完成较大的贯入深度,并能获取连续、完整的岩芯(而其他钻机往往需要用多个回次完成) ;取芯直径较大,满足试验对样品的要求;工作消耗低、操作简便、灵活;适用范围广。
通过取样试验和生产使用表明,振动冲击取样机具可以满足浅层松散地层的化探取样及环境取样的要求。同时编写了冲击取样钻进工艺规范,对取样机具的应用有很强的指导作用。
For resolving the actual problems of chemical exploration sampling and environmental sampling in the transportation inconvenience and water shortage region, the national lab on scientific drilling (NLSD) of China University of Geosciences (Peking) establishes the research open topic of shallow and light sampling tools. This thesis relies on this open topic. The margin is very big in research on easy and convenient rigs and drilling tools in domestic and outside, such as the MK series of rigs in the Mitcham Company and the sampling tools of EiJkelkamp Company in Holland are on the top in the world. The develop of portable and quick vibration impact sampling tools can make the local sampling tools more specialized , fill up the research blank in shallow bore portable sampling tools of chemical exploration sampling and environmental sampling in domestic and resolve the production problems under the special condition of chemical exploration sampling and environmental sampling.
The wave theory is the valid method to research the impact machine system with pole parts. Basis on the analysis of the wave theory, the thesis builds up the mechanics model of a vibration and impact sampling system. Through the analysis of one-dimension flexible pole wave equation and numerical solution, this paper studies the produce and spread of stress wave when the vibration generator and drill pipe impact, and the stress wave’s influence on the process of vibration impact sampling. It’s thought that the thin and long vibration generator can produce ideal stress wave shape. So the vibration generator’s shape is designed. The vibration generator, drill pipe, sampler and soil medium are synthesized impact sampling system. It’s carried on wave dynamics analysis. Under the flexibility medium and plasticity medium condition, it analyzes the superior stress wave shape of vibration impact sampling system. For viscous plastic medium model, the rectangle wave is the ideal stress wave.
On the foundation of above wave theory analysis, according to the demands of chemical sampling and environmental sampling and the research actuality of shallow and light sampling tools in our country, the portable and quick sampling tools are designed. It mainly includes drill pipe with flip clip fixed position key and the inner liner half close tube sampler. Flip clip fixed position key can carry out the top impact and the down-hole impact, which enlarges the ability of deep sampling; The inner liner half close tube sampler resolves the problem of the difficulty of extraction sample and lightens the disturb of the sample; Thesingle mast rack and the hydraulic cylinder pulley resolve the pull ability shortage problem of small rig; The manual hammer etc. is simultaneity designed, which make the whole set tools light weight, simple structure, convenient assemble to dismantle to unload, easy frequent removal in open country.
The main advantages of vibration impact sampling tools are quick speed, which especially suits the large quantity sampling and the dispersion bore; It has deeper penetration per time, and can obtain continuous and integrate core; (but other drills usually need many round trips to complete); It can obtain bigger diameter core, satisfying the demand of the experiment on the sample; It has low consume, simple and flexible operation; It has wide application.
The sampling experiment and the operating use show that vibration impact sample tools can satisfy the demand of chemical sampling and environmental sampling in shallow and lax strata. Drill technology norm of impact sample is compiled in the meantime, which has a very strong instructive function in the application of sampling tools.
波动理论是研究有杆形部件的冲击机械系统理论问题的有效方法。论文在波动理论分析基础上,建立了振动冲击取样系统力学模型。通过分析一维弹性杆波动方程及其数值解,研究了激振器与钻杆撞击时应力波的产生、传播以及该应力波对振动冲击取样过程的影响。认为与弹性杆等波阻的细长状激振器能够产生理想的应力波波形,据此对激振器的形状进行了设计;把激振器、钻杆和取样器、土层工作介质综合为冲击取样系统,并对其进行波动力学分析,在弹性介质和塑性介质的情况下,分析了振动冲击取样系统的最优应力波波形,对粘塑性工作介质模型而言,矩形波是理想的应力波。
在上述波动理论分析的基础上,根据化探取样和环境取样对所取样品的要求并结合我国浅层轻型取样机具研究现状,设计了轻便取样钻具,它主要包括带弹卡定位键的钻杆、内衬半合管取样器。弹卡定位键即可以实现顶端冲击,又可以实现潜孔冲击,增大了深层取样的能力;设计的内衬半合管取样器解决了野外退样难的问题,又减轻了对样品的扰动;设计的单桅杆式机架和液压油缸起拔器,解决了小型钻机起拔能力不足的问题;同时设计了手动冲锤等配套机具,使整套机具重量轻、结构简单、组装拆卸方便,便于野外频繁移动。
振动冲击取样机具的主要优点为钻进速度快,特别适合取样数量多、孔位分散的取样作业;一次可完成较大的贯入深度,并能获取连续、完整的岩芯(而其他钻机往往需要用多个回次完成) ;取芯直径较大,满足试验对样品的要求;工作消耗低、操作简便、灵活;适用范围广。
通过取样试验和生产使用表明,振动冲击取样机具可以满足浅层松散地层的化探取样及环境取样的要求。同时编写了冲击取样钻进工艺规范,对取样机具的应用有很强的指导作用。
For resolving the actual problems of chemical exploration sampling and environmental sampling in the transportation inconvenience and water shortage region, the national lab on scientific drilling (NLSD) of China University of Geosciences (Peking) establishes the research open topic of shallow and light sampling tools. This thesis relies on this open topic. The margin is very big in research on easy and convenient rigs and drilling tools in domestic and outside, such as the MK series of rigs in the Mitcham Company and the sampling tools of EiJkelkamp Company in Holland are on the top in the world. The develop of portable and quick vibration impact sampling tools can make the local sampling tools more specialized , fill up the research blank in shallow bore portable sampling tools of chemical exploration sampling and environmental sampling in domestic and resolve the production problems under the special condition of chemical exploration sampling and environmental sampling.
The wave theory is the valid method to research the impact machine system with pole parts. Basis on the analysis of the wave theory, the thesis builds up the mechanics model of a vibration and impact sampling system. Through the analysis of one-dimension flexible pole wave equation and numerical solution, this paper studies the produce and spread of stress wave when the vibration generator and drill pipe impact, and the stress wave’s influence on the process of vibration impact sampling. It’s thought that the thin and long vibration generator can produce ideal stress wave shape. So the vibration generator’s shape is designed. The vibration generator, drill pipe, sampler and soil medium are synthesized impact sampling system. It’s carried on wave dynamics analysis. Under the flexibility medium and plasticity medium condition, it analyzes the superior stress wave shape of vibration impact sampling system. For viscous plastic medium model, the rectangle wave is the ideal stress wave.
On the foundation of above wave theory analysis, according to the demands of chemical sampling and environmental sampling and the research actuality of shallow and light sampling tools in our country, the portable and quick sampling tools are designed. It mainly includes drill pipe with flip clip fixed position key and the inner liner half close tube sampler. Flip clip fixed position key can carry out the top impact and the down-hole impact, which enlarges the ability of deep sampling; The inner liner half close tube sampler resolves the problem of the difficulty of extraction sample and lightens the disturb of the sample; Thesingle mast rack and the hydraulic cylinder pulley resolve the pull ability shortage problem of small rig; The manual hammer etc. is simultaneity designed, which make the whole set tools light weight, simple structure, convenient assemble to dismantle to unload, easy frequent removal in open country.
The main advantages of vibration impact sampling tools are quick speed, which especially suits the large quantity sampling and the dispersion bore; It has deeper penetration per time, and can obtain continuous and integrate core; (but other drills usually need many round trips to complete); It can obtain bigger diameter core, satisfying the demand of the experiment on the sample; It has low consume, simple and flexible operation; It has wide application.
The sampling experiment and the operating use show that vibration impact sample tools can satisfy the demand of chemical sampling and environmental sampling in shallow and lax strata. Drill technology norm of impact sample is compiled in the meantime, which has a very strong instructive function in the application of sampling tools.
引文
[1] 耿瑞伦,李常茂,冉恒谦,等.地质调查中钻掘方法技术现状、发展趋势与对策研究.地质调查中勘查技术方法应用现状与发展对策研究(课题05)2001,4
[2] 难进入地区钻探施工技术方案研究.中国地质调查局发展研究中心.2001,11
[3] 何远信,夏柏如,赵尔信.环境科学钻探取样技术研究.现代地质,2005,19(3)
[4] 国务院关于加强地质工作的决定.2006,1
[5] 郑继天,王建增.国外地下水污染调查取样技术综述.勘查科学技术,2005,6
[6] 李智毅,唐辉明.岩土工程勘查.中国地质大学出版社,2000,9
[7] 王达.西部特殊景观区钻探取样技术展示.探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程),2005,1:3～5
[8] 国内外浅层取样钻机资料汇编.中国地质调查局发展研究中心.2004,1
[9] 鄢泰宁.岩土钻掘工程学.中国地质大学出版社,2001:22～26
[10] 薛智武.最新研制的国产多层伸缩钻杆.地质装备,2004,5(2)
[11] 彭军生译.具有特殊用途的新型钻杆.DRILLING & PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY,2000,23 (5)
[12] Tom Lunne,Michael Long.Review of long seabed samplers and criteria for new sampler design.Marine Geology,226 (2006) 145～165
[13] 臧启运,韩贻兵,徐孝诗.重力活塞取样器取样技术研究.海洋技术,1999,18(2)
[14] Kullenberg B. Deep - Sea Coring ,Report of the Swedish Deep - Sea Expedition ,1955, 4(2) :37～96
[15] Emerg G R ,Broussrd D E. A Modified Kullenberg Piston Corer. J . Sediment . Petrol ,1954. 24(3) :207～211
[16] Zangger E , McCave I N. A redesigned kasten core barrel and sampling technique. Marine Geology , 1990,94 :165～171
[17] Murray C N ,Stanners D A ,Jamet M. Apiston corer for recorery of deep ocean sediments under pressure. Marine Geotechnol. 1989,8(1) :68～80
[18] 补家武,鄢泰宁,周蒂.SSZ-1 型双管双簧海底振动取心钻具.探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程),2001,1:19～20
[19]李树海.砂钻的双管冲击内管取芯工艺.黄金地质,2002,8(2)
[20] 国家海洋局第二海洋研究所科技发展处. MCD-1 型、MCS-1 型多管取样器简介.东海海洋,2000,2
[21] www.waterland.com.cn.北京沃特兰德科技有限公司
[22] 刘德顺,李夕兵.冲击机械系统动力学.
[23] 刘德顺,李夕兵,杨襄壁.冲击机械系统的波动力学研究.机械工程学报,1997,33(4 ) :104～110
[24]徐小荷,余静.岩石破碎学.煤炭工业出版社,1984
[25]梁成华.轻便型松散(软)地层原状取心全液压钻探机具的研制.硕士毕业论文,中国地质大学(北京),2002
[26]申明华,张玉虎,李晓莉.振动冲击夯设计参数的选择.建筑机械,1994,3:5～10
[27] 王杰,张建才,杨铁良,等.振动沉管入土深度预测[J].沈阳建筑工程学院学报(自然科学版),2001,17(3):187～189
[28] 郭见扬.强夯夯锤的冲击力问题(强夯加固机理探讨之一)[J].土工基础,1996,10(2):35～39
[29] Fanrburst C. Wave Mechanics of Percussive Drilling, Mine & Quarry Engineering, 1961,27: 169～178
[30]刘德顺,杨襄壁.冲锤与杆撞击反问题研究(Ⅰ).中国有色金属学报,1995,5(1)
[31] 刘德顺,杨襄壁.冲锤与杆撞击反问题研究(Ⅱ).中国有色金属学报,1995,5(4)
[32] 李建常.东南沿海某工程软土取土质量评价[J].大坝观测与土工试验,1996,20(5):40～43
[33] 姜安龙,高大钊.取土器直径对取样扰动的影响分析[J].工程勘察,2002(4):13～14
[34] 孙建华.大直径桩孔套管搓管机起拔力和回转扭矩的确定[J].西部探矿工程(岩土钻掘矿业工程),19(2):58～59
[35] 刘鸿文.简明材料力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 1997.278～281
[36] 武汉地质学院.钻探工艺学(上册).北京:地质出版社,1980
[37] 段隆臣,陈裕康,管典志.机械振动钻进方程及其意义的探讨.地质科技情报,1999,18
[38] 蔡春源.机械设计手册.机械设计出版社,2000,6
[2] 难进入地区钻探施工技术方案研究.中国地质调查局发展研究中心.2001,11
[3] 何远信,夏柏如,赵尔信.环境科学钻探取样技术研究.现代地质,2005,19(3)
[4] 国务院关于加强地质工作的决定.2006,1
[5] 郑继天,王建增.国外地下水污染调查取样技术综述.勘查科学技术,2005,6
[6] 李智毅,唐辉明.岩土工程勘查.中国地质大学出版社,2000,9
[7] 王达.西部特殊景观区钻探取样技术展示.探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程),2005,1:3～5
[8] 国内外浅层取样钻机资料汇编.中国地质调查局发展研究中心.2004,1
[9] 鄢泰宁.岩土钻掘工程学.中国地质大学出版社,2001:22～26
[10] 薛智武.最新研制的国产多层伸缩钻杆.地质装备,2004,5(2)
[11] 彭军生译.具有特殊用途的新型钻杆.DRILLING & PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY,2000,23 (5)
[12] Tom Lunne,Michael Long.Review of long seabed samplers and criteria for new sampler design.Marine Geology,226 (2006) 145～165
[13] 臧启运,韩贻兵,徐孝诗.重力活塞取样器取样技术研究.海洋技术,1999,18(2)
[14] Kullenberg B. Deep - Sea Coring ,Report of the Swedish Deep - Sea Expedition ,1955, 4(2) :37～96
[15] Emerg G R ,Broussrd D E. A Modified Kullenberg Piston Corer. J . Sediment . Petrol ,1954. 24(3) :207～211
[16] Zangger E , McCave I N. A redesigned kasten core barrel and sampling technique. Marine Geology , 1990,94 :165～171
[17] Murray C N ,Stanners D A ,Jamet M. Apiston corer for recorery of deep ocean sediments under pressure. Marine Geotechnol. 1989,8(1) :68～80
[18] 补家武,鄢泰宁,周蒂.SSZ-1 型双管双簧海底振动取心钻具.探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程),2001,1:19～20
[19]李树海.砂钻的双管冲击内管取芯工艺.黄金地质,2002,8(2)
[20] 国家海洋局第二海洋研究所科技发展处. MCD-1 型、MCS-1 型多管取样器简介.东海海洋,2000,2
[21] www.waterland.com.cn.北京沃特兰德科技有限公司
[22] 刘德顺,李夕兵.冲击机械系统动力学.
[23] 刘德顺,李夕兵,杨襄壁.冲击机械系统的波动力学研究.机械工程学报,1997,33(4 ) :104～110
[24]徐小荷,余静.岩石破碎学.煤炭工业出版社,1984
[25]梁成华.轻便型松散(软)地层原状取心全液压钻探机具的研制.硕士毕业论文,中国地质大学(北京),2002
[26]申明华,张玉虎,李晓莉.振动冲击夯设计参数的选择.建筑机械,1994,3:5～10
[27] 王杰,张建才,杨铁良,等.振动沉管入土深度预测[J].沈阳建筑工程学院学报(自然科学版),2001,17(3):187～189
[28] 郭见扬.强夯夯锤的冲击力问题(强夯加固机理探讨之一)[J].土工基础,1996,10(2):35～39
[29] Fanrburst C. Wave Mechanics of Percussive Drilling, Mine & Quarry Engineering, 1961,27: 169～178
[30]刘德顺,杨襄壁.冲锤与杆撞击反问题研究(Ⅰ).中国有色金属学报,1995,5(1)
[31] 刘德顺,杨襄壁.冲锤与杆撞击反问题研究(Ⅱ).中国有色金属学报,1995,5(4)
[32] 李建常.东南沿海某工程软土取土质量评价[J].大坝观测与土工试验,1996,20(5):40～43
[33] 姜安龙,高大钊.取土器直径对取样扰动的影响分析[J].工程勘察,2002(4):13～14
[34] 孙建华.大直径桩孔套管搓管机起拔力和回转扭矩的确定[J].西部探矿工程(岩土钻掘矿业工程),19(2):58～59
[35] 刘鸿文.简明材料力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 1997.278～281
[36] 武汉地质学院.钻探工艺学(上册).北京:地质出版社,1980
[37] 段隆臣,陈裕康,管典志.机械振动钻进方程及其意义的探讨.地质科技情报,1999,18
[38] 蔡春源.机械设计手册.机械设计出版社,2000,6