基于WDM-PON的载波重用与组播技术研究
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摘要
随着视频点播、高清电视、网络电话(VoIP)等业务的迅速发展,人们对宽带接入网的要求越来越高,而传统的数字用户线(xDSL)接入方式不能满足这些新型业务的需求,迫切需要新的技术来解决这个问题。因此,无源光网络(PON)成为当前的研究热点,其中时分复用无源光网络(TDM-PON)技术已经得到了商用。但是TDM-PON采用时分复用接入方式,多个用户共享带宽资源,这样一个用户得到的带宽也很有限,不能适应未来高带宽多业务的需求。并且,由于TDM-PON需要对时隙严格控制,这样带来了管理上的复杂度。于是,波分复用无源光网络(WDM-PON)成为了下一代光纤宽带接入网的主要方案之一。
本文主要围绕WDM-PON中载波重用和组播传输技术展开系统的研究。首先介绍了接入网的基础知识,分析了WDM-PON系统构架,明确了本研究工作的意义。然后系统仿真研究了WDM-PON中上行载波重调制技术,对采用强度调制格式的方案进行了深入研究,给出了最佳性能点,为实现低成本、“无色化”的光网络单元(ONU)提供了很好的理论参考方案,具有很好的指导价值。其次,在无源光网络中,随着用户业务的不断增加,组播/广播也是急需解决的问题。本文中在分析了现有组播方案的基础上,提出了基于NRZ/Manchester码型动态切换的组播方案,通过动态的切换开关来选择下行单播数据采用的调制格式,进而实现组播技术。该方案能够灵活的实现组播/广播业务,并且具有实现简单、时钟易恢复等优点。
为了进一步提高光网络中节点的高速数据处理能力,本文对低摆幅差分信号(LVDS)技术进行了研究。LVDS技术的核心是采用了极低的电压幅度高速差分的传输数据,能够实现点对点或一点对多点的连接。本文使用了verilog语言编写了LVDS关键技术中的时钟产生、数据的发射和数据的接收等模块,并且使用ModelSim6.2C仿真软件对上述模块进行了单元测试及系统验证,从而确认了上述系统功能的正确性,为以后解决高速数据处理问题提供了很好的参考方案。
With the rapid development of video on demand, high-definition TV, VoIP and others, future optical networks will require better performance and higher capacity, especially in broadband access networks. However, the traditional xDSL access methods for these services can not meet the demand very well, so the emergence of new technologies is urgent needed. In this way, the passive optical network (PON) has aroused much attention and Time Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Network (TDM-PON) technology has been commercially available. However, the user can only get the limited bandwidth because many users share the bandwidth resources. As the result, the limited bandwidth can not meet future requirement. More over, it is difficult to manage the time slot. Fortunately, Wavelength Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Network (WDM-PON) can address these issues well and WDM-PON has been considered as a promising solution for the next-generation of FTTx.
In this thesis, carrier reused and multicast transmission technologies in WDM-PON are main research works. At the beginning, it introduces the basics of access networks and analyzes WDM-PON system, so the significance of this research work is emphasizes. In order to achieve low-cost of ONU in WDM-PON system, the problem of“colorless”should be solved firstly. Uplink carrier re-modulation technique is a promising scheme to solve the problem. Based on the analysis on the existing carrier reused schemes, this thesis investigate on the IM format configuration and gives out the optimal performance point, which I think has direct value to the following research works. With the increasing of number of users’business in the WDM-PON system, multicast/broadcast business is also the main problem needed to solve. Based on the analysis on the existing multicast scheme, a new multicast scheme has been proposed, which is realized by using dynamic switching to choose the NRZ or Manchester formats. Though dynamic switching to select modulation format of downstream data, the multicast/broadcast technology can be realized. The new scheme can be flexible to achieve the multicast / broadcast service and it has many advantages such as simple architecture, and easy to recover clock.
To further improve the high-speed data processing capabilities in optical network nodes, this thesis has studied the low voltage differential signaling (LVDS) technology. LVDS uses the very low voltage to transmit high-speed data and can achieve point to point or a multipoint connection. The Key technologies of LVDS including producing clock, sending data and receiving data are realized by verilog. Further, the ModelSim6.2C is used to simulate all single units and the whole system to verify the system functions. It provides a good reference resolved program for the high-speed data processing in the future.
本文主要围绕WDM-PON中载波重用和组播传输技术展开系统的研究。首先介绍了接入网的基础知识,分析了WDM-PON系统构架,明确了本研究工作的意义。然后系统仿真研究了WDM-PON中上行载波重调制技术,对采用强度调制格式的方案进行了深入研究,给出了最佳性能点,为实现低成本、“无色化”的光网络单元(ONU)提供了很好的理论参考方案,具有很好的指导价值。其次,在无源光网络中,随着用户业务的不断增加,组播/广播也是急需解决的问题。本文中在分析了现有组播方案的基础上,提出了基于NRZ/Manchester码型动态切换的组播方案,通过动态的切换开关来选择下行单播数据采用的调制格式,进而实现组播技术。该方案能够灵活的实现组播/广播业务,并且具有实现简单、时钟易恢复等优点。
为了进一步提高光网络中节点的高速数据处理能力,本文对低摆幅差分信号(LVDS)技术进行了研究。LVDS技术的核心是采用了极低的电压幅度高速差分的传输数据,能够实现点对点或一点对多点的连接。本文使用了verilog语言编写了LVDS关键技术中的时钟产生、数据的发射和数据的接收等模块,并且使用ModelSim6.2C仿真软件对上述模块进行了单元测试及系统验证,从而确认了上述系统功能的正确性,为以后解决高速数据处理问题提供了很好的参考方案。
With the rapid development of video on demand, high-definition TV, VoIP and others, future optical networks will require better performance and higher capacity, especially in broadband access networks. However, the traditional xDSL access methods for these services can not meet the demand very well, so the emergence of new technologies is urgent needed. In this way, the passive optical network (PON) has aroused much attention and Time Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Network (TDM-PON) technology has been commercially available. However, the user can only get the limited bandwidth because many users share the bandwidth resources. As the result, the limited bandwidth can not meet future requirement. More over, it is difficult to manage the time slot. Fortunately, Wavelength Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Network (WDM-PON) can address these issues well and WDM-PON has been considered as a promising solution for the next-generation of FTTx.
In this thesis, carrier reused and multicast transmission technologies in WDM-PON are main research works. At the beginning, it introduces the basics of access networks and analyzes WDM-PON system, so the significance of this research work is emphasizes. In order to achieve low-cost of ONU in WDM-PON system, the problem of“colorless”should be solved firstly. Uplink carrier re-modulation technique is a promising scheme to solve the problem. Based on the analysis on the existing carrier reused schemes, this thesis investigate on the IM format configuration and gives out the optimal performance point, which I think has direct value to the following research works. With the increasing of number of users’business in the WDM-PON system, multicast/broadcast business is also the main problem needed to solve. Based on the analysis on the existing multicast scheme, a new multicast scheme has been proposed, which is realized by using dynamic switching to choose the NRZ or Manchester formats. Though dynamic switching to select modulation format of downstream data, the multicast/broadcast technology can be realized. The new scheme can be flexible to achieve the multicast / broadcast service and it has many advantages such as simple architecture, and easy to recover clock.
To further improve the high-speed data processing capabilities in optical network nodes, this thesis has studied the low voltage differential signaling (LVDS) technology. LVDS uses the very low voltage to transmit high-speed data and can achieve point to point or a multipoint connection. The Key technologies of LVDS including producing clock, sending data and receiving data are realized by verilog. Further, the ModelSim6.2C is used to simulate all single units and the whole system to verify the system functions. It provides a good reference resolved program for the high-speed data processing in the future.
引文
[1] C-H Lee,“Fiber to the Home Using a PON Infrastructure,”J. Lightwave Technol., 2006, 24(12):4568-4583.
[2] D. Chrissan,“Uni-DSLT:One DSL for universal service,”Texas Instruments White Paper,2004
[3]吴承治,徐敏毅,“光接入网工程”,北京:人民邮电出版社,1998.
[4]刘伟,“宽带综合接入技术”,北京:科学出版社,2007.
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[6] G. Keiser著,李玉权等译,“光纤通信”,北京:电子工业出版社,2002
[7] A. Banerjee, Y. Park, F. Clarke, et al,“Wavelength division-multiplexed passive optical network (WDM-PON) technologies for broadband access: a review [Invited],”J. Opt. Netw. 2005,4(11):737-758.
[8] K. Iwatsuki, J.-I. Kani,“Applications and Technical Issues of Wavelength-Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Networks With Colorless Optical Network Units [Invited],”J. Opt Netw. 2009, 1(4):C17-C24.
[9]林永傍,刘伟平,黄红斌,等,“WDM-PON技术研究及实现方案(本期优秀论文),”光通信技术,2009年第二期
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[18] M. Zirngibl, C. R. Doerr, L. W. Stulz,“Study of spectral slicing for local access applications,”IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 1996, 8(5):721-723.
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[23] H. D. Kim, S-G Kang, C-H Lee,“A Low-Cost WDM Source with an ASE Injected Fabry-Perot Semiconductor Laser,”IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett, 2000, 12(8):1067-1069.
[24] C. W. Chow,“Wavelength Remodulation Using DPSK Down-and-Upstream With High Extinction Ratio for 10-Gb/s DWDM-Passive Optical Networks,”2008, 20(1):12-14.
[25] C. W. Chow, Y. Liu, C. H. Kwok,“Signal Remodulation with High Extinction Ratio 10-Gb/s DPSK signal for DWDM-PONs,”2008, OFC/NFOEC, OThT2:1-3.
[26] Y. Tian, Y. Su, L. Yi, el at,“Optical VPN in PON Based on DPSK Erasing/Rewriting and DPSK/IM formatting using a Single Mach-Zehnder Modulator,”2006, ECOC, page(s):1-2.
[27] J. Zhao, L-K Chen, C-K Chan,“A Novel Re-modulation Scheme to Achieve Colorless High-Speed WDM-PON with Enhanced Tolerance to Chromatic Dispersion and Re-modulation Misalignment,”2007, OFC/NFOEC, OWD2.
[28] E. Conforti, C. M. Gallep, S. H. Ho, el at,“Carrier reuse with gain compression and feed-forward semiconductor optical amplifiers,”IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., 2002, 50(1):77–81.
[29] H. Takesue, T. Sugie,“Data Rewrite of Wavelength Channel Using Saturated SOA Modulator for WDM Metro/Access Networks with Centralized Light Sources,”ECOC, 2002, Volume 3, page(s):1-2.
[30] H. Takesue, T. Sugie,“Wavelength Channel Data Rewrite Using Saturated SOA Modulator for WDM Networks With Centralized Light Sources,”J. Lightwave Technol. 2003, 21(11):2546-2556.
[31] G-W Lu, N. Deng, C-K Chan, el at,“Use of downstream inverse-RZ signal for upstream data remodulation in a WDM passive optical network,”OFC, 2005, OFI8,
[32] S. Y. Kim, E. S. Son1), S. B. Jun, el at,“Effects of Downstream Modulation Formats on the Performance of BidirectionalWDM-PON using RSOA,”OFC, 2007,OWD3, 1-3.
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[44] N. Deng, C. K. Chan, L. K. Chen, el at,“A WDM passive optical network with centralized light sources and multicast overlay,”IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 2008, 20(2): 114-116.
[45] H. S. Chung, B. K. Kim, and K. Kim,“Performance comparison between Manchester and inversr-RZ coding in a wavelength re-modulated WDM-PON,”OFC/NFOEC 2008, Paper JThA94.
[46] Y. Zhang, N. Deng, C-K Chan,“A Multicast WDM-PON Architecture Using DPSK/NRZ Orthogonal Modulation,”IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 2008, 20(17): 1479-1481.
[47] Q. Chang, J. Gao, Q. Li, el at,“Simultaneous Transmission of Point-to-Point Data and Selective Delivery of Video Services in a WDM-PON Using ASK/SCM Modulation Format,”OFC/NFOEC 2008, Paper OWH2.
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[2] D. Chrissan,“Uni-DSLT:One DSL for universal service,”Texas Instruments White Paper,2004
[3]吴承治,徐敏毅,“光接入网工程”,北京:人民邮电出版社,1998.
[4]刘伟,“宽带综合接入技术”,北京:科学出版社,2007.
[5] E. Harstead and P. H. van Heyningen,“Optical access network,”in Optical Fiber Communications IVB, I. Kaminow and T.Li, Eds. New York: Academic, 2002.
[6] G. Keiser著,李玉权等译,“光纤通信”,北京:电子工业出版社,2002
[7] A. Banerjee, Y. Park, F. Clarke, et al,“Wavelength division-multiplexed passive optical network (WDM-PON) technologies for broadband access: a review [Invited],”J. Opt. Netw. 2005,4(11):737-758.
[8] K. Iwatsuki, J.-I. Kani,“Applications and Technical Issues of Wavelength-Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Networks With Colorless Optical Network Units [Invited],”J. Opt Netw. 2009, 1(4):C17-C24.
[9]林永傍,刘伟平,黄红斌,等,“WDM-PON技术研究及实现方案(本期优秀论文),”光通信技术,2009年第二期
[10]原容,“宽带光接入网”,北京:电子工业出版社,2003.
[11]朴虹,“WDM-PON系统及其特性研究[硕士论文]”北京:北京邮电大学,2007.
[12] M. Zirngibl, C. H. Joyner, L. W. Stulz, et al,“LARNet, a Local Access Router Network,”IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett, 1995, 7(2):215-217.
[13] Y-K Maurice Lin, D. R. Spears,“Passive Optical Subscriber Loops With Multiaccess,”J. Lightwave Technol. 1989, 7(11):1769-1777.
[14] C. R. Giles, R. D. Feldman, T. H. Wood, et al,“Access PON Using Downstream 1550-nm WDM Routing and Upstream 1300-nm SCMA Combining Through a Fiber-Grating Router,”IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett, 1996, 8(11):1549-1551.
[15] D. J. Shin, Y. C. Keh, J. W. Kwon, et al,“Low-Cost WDM-PON With Colorless Bidirectional Transceivers,”J. Lightwave Technol. 2006, 24(1):158-165.
[16] P. Healey, P. Townsend, C. Ford, el at,“Spectral slicing WDM-PON using wavelength-seeded reflective SOAs,”Electron. Lett. 2001, 37(19):1181-1182.
[17] S. Y. Kim, S. B. Jun, Y. Takushima, el at,“Enhanced performance of RSOA-based WDM PON by using Manchester coding,”J. Opt. Netw. 2007, 6(6):624-630.
[18] M. Zirngibl, C. R. Doerr, L. W. Stulz,“Study of spectral slicing for local access applications,”IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 1996, 8(5):721-723.
[19] D. K. Jung, S. K. Shin, C.-H. Lee, el at,“Wavelength-division-multiplexed passive optical network based on spectrum-slicing techniques,”IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 1996, 10(9):1334-1336.
[20] R. D. Feldman, E. E. Harstead, S. Jiang, el at,“An evaluation of architectures incorporating wavelength division multiplexing for broad-band fiber access,”J. Lightwave Technol. 1998, 16(9):1546-1559.
[21] H. Kim, S. Kim, S. Hwang, at el,“Impact of dispersion, PMD, and PDL on the performance of spectrum-sliced incoherent light sources using gain-saturated semiconductor optical amplifiers,”J. Lightwave Technol. 2006, 24(2):775-785.
[22] S. L. Wroodward, P. P. Iannone, K. C. Reichmann, el at,“A spectrally sliced PON employing Fabry-Perot lasers,”IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett, 1998, 10(9):1337-1339.
[23] H. D. Kim, S-G Kang, C-H Lee,“A Low-Cost WDM Source with an ASE Injected Fabry-Perot Semiconductor Laser,”IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett, 2000, 12(8):1067-1069.
[24] C. W. Chow,“Wavelength Remodulation Using DPSK Down-and-Upstream With High Extinction Ratio for 10-Gb/s DWDM-Passive Optical Networks,”2008, 20(1):12-14.
[25] C. W. Chow, Y. Liu, C. H. Kwok,“Signal Remodulation with High Extinction Ratio 10-Gb/s DPSK signal for DWDM-PONs,”2008, OFC/NFOEC, OThT2:1-3.
[26] Y. Tian, Y. Su, L. Yi, el at,“Optical VPN in PON Based on DPSK Erasing/Rewriting and DPSK/IM formatting using a Single Mach-Zehnder Modulator,”2006, ECOC, page(s):1-2.
[27] J. Zhao, L-K Chen, C-K Chan,“A Novel Re-modulation Scheme to Achieve Colorless High-Speed WDM-PON with Enhanced Tolerance to Chromatic Dispersion and Re-modulation Misalignment,”2007, OFC/NFOEC, OWD2.
[28] E. Conforti, C. M. Gallep, S. H. Ho, el at,“Carrier reuse with gain compression and feed-forward semiconductor optical amplifiers,”IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., 2002, 50(1):77–81.
[29] H. Takesue, T. Sugie,“Data Rewrite of Wavelength Channel Using Saturated SOA Modulator for WDM Metro/Access Networks with Centralized Light Sources,”ECOC, 2002, Volume 3, page(s):1-2.
[30] H. Takesue, T. Sugie,“Wavelength Channel Data Rewrite Using Saturated SOA Modulator for WDM Networks With Centralized Light Sources,”J. Lightwave Technol. 2003, 21(11):2546-2556.
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