无线网络中协作中继通信关键技术的研究
|
摘要
多发送多接收天线(MIMO)是无线通信领域的重大技术突破,它能在不增加带宽的情况下成倍地提高通信系统的频谱利用率和信道容量,是下一代移动通信系统的关键技术之一。协作中继通信技术作为MIMO走向实用化的重要途径,融合了分集方案与中继传输的技术优势,引起了业界的广泛关注。本文以实现协作中继通信技术在无线通信网络中的应用为目标,主要从分布式多源协作中继通信网络的中继选择与性能分析、基于正交频分多址接入(OFDMA)的协作中继蜂窝系统的联合资源优化和认知无线电系统中的协作频谱共享这3个角度对协作中继通信技术进行了研究与分析。具体内容包括：
1、中继选择是协作中继通信网络中的一个重要问题。针对无中心控制节点,且各节点能量受限、能力有限的分布式多源协作中继通信网络,本文提出了一种主动中继选择策略(M-PRS),分析了M-PRS的高信噪比中断概率,并从中断概率、分集复用折衷(DMT)和实现开销及复杂度这几个方面,将M-PRS分别与一种被动中继选择策略(M-RRS)和一种分布式空时编码策略(M-DSTC)进行了比较。研究结果表明,M-PRS是一种适用的协作中继传输策略,它可以在中断概率性能仅有较小损失的情况下,‘有效降低网络的实现开销。
2、在基于OFDMA的协作中继蜂窝系统中,如何在特定的系统目标下,以最优的方式使用系统的各种有限资源,是当前研究的热点问题之一。本文以最大化加权和速率(WSR)为系统优化目标,基于优化理论,提出了一种最优资源分配算法,该算法可以实现子载波分配、功率分配、中继选择和传输模式选择的联合优化。与其他基于优化理论提出的最优资源分配算法相比,该算法能够实现不依赖于系统参数的稳定收敛,从而保证了算法执行的稳定性,并可因此降低算法的复杂度。本文还分析了该算法在不同中继处理方式(包括解码转发(DF)和放大转发(AF))下的实现和性能。通过理论分析和计算机仿真实验,本文闸明了选择加权和速率作为系统优化目标的合理性,即既可以灵活地实现多种不同的系统公平性,又可以降低最优资源分配算法的计算复杂度,同时也验证了该算法在充分利用中继节点能力提高系统容量方面的性能优势。
3、下一代的无线通信系统必须具备保证用户最低服务质量要求(QoS)的能力,同时在某些场合,系统可能还会对用户公平性提出较高要求。在这样的背景下,针对基于OFDMA的协作中继蜂窝系统,本文提出了一种可以保证用户最低QoS要求的公平资源分配问题,该问题同样包含了子载波分配、功率分配、中继选择和传输模式选择的联合优化。鉴于该问题最优求解方法的高复杂度,本文提出了一种基于等功率分配的次优求解算法。由于必须保证用户的最低QoS要求,因此该问题不一定有可行解,考虑到算法的完整性和实用性,本文还在该算法中引入了呼叫接纳控制(CAC)机制,并讨论了3种呼叫接纳控制策略。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该算法可以在大幅降低计算复杂度的前提下,获得接近于等功率分配时最优搜索算法的性能,同时该算法还能实现系统效率和用户公平性之间的有效折衷。
4、认知无线电(CR)技术作为缓解频谱资源匮乏、提高频谱利用效率的一种有效途径,正受到越来越广泛的关注。由于认知无线电系统也会受到多径衰落的影响,因此将协作中继通信技术应用到认知无线电系统之中是非常必要的。基于频谱共享的所有权模型,本文研究了授权用户在有服务质量要求的情况下,与认知用户进行协作频谱共享的方法。通过假设授权用户可以将它的部分信道使用时间租借给认知用户使用,以便在直传信道条件不佳时,换取认知用户的协作中继传输,满足并改善服务质量,本文建立了一种授权用户和认知用户之间基于选择式合作博弈框架的协作频谱共享模型,研究了该模型的求解方法,并提出了一种低复杂度的分布式实现策略。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该策略既可以大幅降低授权用户的业务中断概率,保证授权用户的服务质量,并提高它的传输能力,又可以使认知用户获得传输数据的机会,因而能够实现授权用户与认知用户之间的双赢。
Multiple Input and Multiple Output (MIMO) is a breakthrough in the wireless communication field. It is a key technology which might be adopted by the next generation mobile communication systems, because it can greatly improve the spectrum utilization and channel capacity without increasing the bandwidth.As a practical measure of MIMO, cooperative relaying communication has attracted much attention due to its ability to explore the inherent spatial diversity in relay channels. Aiming at applying cooperative relaying communication technologies in the wireless communication networks, this dissertation has studied and analyzed cooperative relaying communication technologies from three aspects:relay selection strategies in distributed cooperative relaying communication networks and their performance analysis, joint resource optimization in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) based cooperative relaying cellular networks and cooperative spectrum sharing in cognitive radio systems.The major contributions are outlined as follows.
1.How to select relays from all potential relays to aid the transmission of the source is an important problem in cooperative relaying communication networks.For distributed multi-source cooperative relaying communication networks without a central control unit and with limitation on energy and capacity for each node, a proactive relay selection strategy (M-PRS) is proposed, and its high signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) outage probability is analyzed.Then it is compared with a reactive relay selection strategy (M-RRS) and a distributed space-time coding strategy (M-DSTC) in outage probability, diversity-multiplexing tradeoff (DMT) and implementation overhead and complexity. The theoretical analysis and computer simulations show that M-PRS is an appropriate cooperative relaying transmission strategy which is able to effectively lower the network implementation overhead with only a small performance loss in the outage probability.
2.In OFDMA based cooperative relaying cellular systems, how to optimally allocate all kinds of limited resource under a specific system goal is one of the key problems which are under extensive investigation. By taking the weighted sum rate (WSR) as the system optimization goal, an optimal resource allocation algorithm based on optimization theory is proposed.The algorithm can jointly optimize subcarrier allocation, power allocation, relay selection and transmission mode selection. Compared with other optimal resource allocation algorithms which are also based on optimization theory, our algorithm is able to achieve stable convergence independent of system parameters which lowers its computational complexity accordingly in the long run. The implementation and performance of the algorithm under different relay strategies (including decode-and-forward (DF) and amplify-and-forward (AF)) are also discussed. Theoretical analysis and computer simulations illustrate that choosing the weighted sum rate as the system optimization goal is rational, because it is able to both simplify the implementation of different fairness criterions and reduce the computational complexity of the algorithm. We also validate that the algorithm has advantages in fully utilizing the capabilities of relays to improve the system capacity.
3.The next generation wireless communication system should have the capability to guarantee users'lowest quality of service (QoS), and in some scenarios, the system should also have the capacity to guarantee fairness among users.Taking these notions into consideration, for OFDMA-based cooperative relaying cellular systems, a fair resource allocation problem that is able to guarantee users'lowest QoS is proposed. The problem also includes the joint optimization of subcarrier allocation, power allocation, relay selection and transmission mode selection. Due to the high complexity involved in optimally solving the problem, a suboptimal algorithm based on equal power allocation is developed. To make sure that there is a feasible solution to the problem, and the algorithm is integral and practical, call admission control (CAC) mechanisms are introduced and three CAC strategies are discussed. Research results indicate that our algorithm obtains a performance close to the optimal exhaustive search when equal power allocation is applied with a much lower computational complexity, and achieves an effective tradeoff between system efficiency and fairness among users.
4.As a promising technology to deal with the scarcity of spectrum resource and improve the spectrum utilization, cognitive radio (CR) has attracted more attention in recent years.It is necessary to apply cooperative communication technologies into CR systems because they also suffer adverse impacts from multipath fading. Based on the property-right model of spectrum sharing, the strategy by which a primary user (PU) with QoS requirement shares its spectrum with secondary users (SUs) in a cooperative way is studied. By assuming the PU is able to lease some of its channel usage time to the SU in order to exchange the cooperative transmission of the SU and improve its QoS when it does not have a good direct link, a spectrum leasing model based on selective cooperation and cooperative game framework is proposed.The solution to this model is discussed and a distributed implementation strategy with low complexity and overhead is developed. Theoretical analysis and computer simulations show that our strategy can greatly reduce PU's service outage probability, and hence guarantee its QoS and improve its transmission capability. At the same time, the strategy makes it possible for the SU to acquire transmission opportunities. Therefore, the strategy is able to produce a win-win outcome for both the PU and the SU.
1、中继选择是协作中继通信网络中的一个重要问题。针对无中心控制节点,且各节点能量受限、能力有限的分布式多源协作中继通信网络,本文提出了一种主动中继选择策略(M-PRS),分析了M-PRS的高信噪比中断概率,并从中断概率、分集复用折衷(DMT)和实现开销及复杂度这几个方面,将M-PRS分别与一种被动中继选择策略(M-RRS)和一种分布式空时编码策略(M-DSTC)进行了比较。研究结果表明,M-PRS是一种适用的协作中继传输策略,它可以在中断概率性能仅有较小损失的情况下,‘有效降低网络的实现开销。
2、在基于OFDMA的协作中继蜂窝系统中,如何在特定的系统目标下,以最优的方式使用系统的各种有限资源,是当前研究的热点问题之一。本文以最大化加权和速率(WSR)为系统优化目标,基于优化理论,提出了一种最优资源分配算法,该算法可以实现子载波分配、功率分配、中继选择和传输模式选择的联合优化。与其他基于优化理论提出的最优资源分配算法相比,该算法能够实现不依赖于系统参数的稳定收敛,从而保证了算法执行的稳定性,并可因此降低算法的复杂度。本文还分析了该算法在不同中继处理方式(包括解码转发(DF)和放大转发(AF))下的实现和性能。通过理论分析和计算机仿真实验,本文闸明了选择加权和速率作为系统优化目标的合理性,即既可以灵活地实现多种不同的系统公平性,又可以降低最优资源分配算法的计算复杂度,同时也验证了该算法在充分利用中继节点能力提高系统容量方面的性能优势。
3、下一代的无线通信系统必须具备保证用户最低服务质量要求(QoS)的能力,同时在某些场合,系统可能还会对用户公平性提出较高要求。在这样的背景下,针对基于OFDMA的协作中继蜂窝系统,本文提出了一种可以保证用户最低QoS要求的公平资源分配问题,该问题同样包含了子载波分配、功率分配、中继选择和传输模式选择的联合优化。鉴于该问题最优求解方法的高复杂度,本文提出了一种基于等功率分配的次优求解算法。由于必须保证用户的最低QoS要求,因此该问题不一定有可行解,考虑到算法的完整性和实用性,本文还在该算法中引入了呼叫接纳控制(CAC)机制,并讨论了3种呼叫接纳控制策略。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该算法可以在大幅降低计算复杂度的前提下,获得接近于等功率分配时最优搜索算法的性能,同时该算法还能实现系统效率和用户公平性之间的有效折衷。
4、认知无线电(CR)技术作为缓解频谱资源匮乏、提高频谱利用效率的一种有效途径,正受到越来越广泛的关注。由于认知无线电系统也会受到多径衰落的影响,因此将协作中继通信技术应用到认知无线电系统之中是非常必要的。基于频谱共享的所有权模型,本文研究了授权用户在有服务质量要求的情况下,与认知用户进行协作频谱共享的方法。通过假设授权用户可以将它的部分信道使用时间租借给认知用户使用,以便在直传信道条件不佳时,换取认知用户的协作中继传输,满足并改善服务质量,本文建立了一种授权用户和认知用户之间基于选择式合作博弈框架的协作频谱共享模型,研究了该模型的求解方法,并提出了一种低复杂度的分布式实现策略。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该策略既可以大幅降低授权用户的业务中断概率,保证授权用户的服务质量,并提高它的传输能力,又可以使认知用户获得传输数据的机会,因而能够实现授权用户与认知用户之间的双赢。
Multiple Input and Multiple Output (MIMO) is a breakthrough in the wireless communication field. It is a key technology which might be adopted by the next generation mobile communication systems, because it can greatly improve the spectrum utilization and channel capacity without increasing the bandwidth.As a practical measure of MIMO, cooperative relaying communication has attracted much attention due to its ability to explore the inherent spatial diversity in relay channels. Aiming at applying cooperative relaying communication technologies in the wireless communication networks, this dissertation has studied and analyzed cooperative relaying communication technologies from three aspects:relay selection strategies in distributed cooperative relaying communication networks and their performance analysis, joint resource optimization in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) based cooperative relaying cellular networks and cooperative spectrum sharing in cognitive radio systems.The major contributions are outlined as follows.
1.How to select relays from all potential relays to aid the transmission of the source is an important problem in cooperative relaying communication networks.For distributed multi-source cooperative relaying communication networks without a central control unit and with limitation on energy and capacity for each node, a proactive relay selection strategy (M-PRS) is proposed, and its high signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) outage probability is analyzed.Then it is compared with a reactive relay selection strategy (M-RRS) and a distributed space-time coding strategy (M-DSTC) in outage probability, diversity-multiplexing tradeoff (DMT) and implementation overhead and complexity. The theoretical analysis and computer simulations show that M-PRS is an appropriate cooperative relaying transmission strategy which is able to effectively lower the network implementation overhead with only a small performance loss in the outage probability.
2.In OFDMA based cooperative relaying cellular systems, how to optimally allocate all kinds of limited resource under a specific system goal is one of the key problems which are under extensive investigation. By taking the weighted sum rate (WSR) as the system optimization goal, an optimal resource allocation algorithm based on optimization theory is proposed.The algorithm can jointly optimize subcarrier allocation, power allocation, relay selection and transmission mode selection. Compared with other optimal resource allocation algorithms which are also based on optimization theory, our algorithm is able to achieve stable convergence independent of system parameters which lowers its computational complexity accordingly in the long run. The implementation and performance of the algorithm under different relay strategies (including decode-and-forward (DF) and amplify-and-forward (AF)) are also discussed. Theoretical analysis and computer simulations illustrate that choosing the weighted sum rate as the system optimization goal is rational, because it is able to both simplify the implementation of different fairness criterions and reduce the computational complexity of the algorithm. We also validate that the algorithm has advantages in fully utilizing the capabilities of relays to improve the system capacity.
3.The next generation wireless communication system should have the capability to guarantee users'lowest quality of service (QoS), and in some scenarios, the system should also have the capacity to guarantee fairness among users.Taking these notions into consideration, for OFDMA-based cooperative relaying cellular systems, a fair resource allocation problem that is able to guarantee users'lowest QoS is proposed. The problem also includes the joint optimization of subcarrier allocation, power allocation, relay selection and transmission mode selection. Due to the high complexity involved in optimally solving the problem, a suboptimal algorithm based on equal power allocation is developed. To make sure that there is a feasible solution to the problem, and the algorithm is integral and practical, call admission control (CAC) mechanisms are introduced and three CAC strategies are discussed. Research results indicate that our algorithm obtains a performance close to the optimal exhaustive search when equal power allocation is applied with a much lower computational complexity, and achieves an effective tradeoff between system efficiency and fairness among users.
4.As a promising technology to deal with the scarcity of spectrum resource and improve the spectrum utilization, cognitive radio (CR) has attracted more attention in recent years.It is necessary to apply cooperative communication technologies into CR systems because they also suffer adverse impacts from multipath fading. Based on the property-right model of spectrum sharing, the strategy by which a primary user (PU) with QoS requirement shares its spectrum with secondary users (SUs) in a cooperative way is studied. By assuming the PU is able to lease some of its channel usage time to the SU in order to exchange the cooperative transmission of the SU and improve its QoS when it does not have a good direct link, a spectrum leasing model based on selective cooperation and cooperative game framework is proposed.The solution to this model is discussed and a distributed implementation strategy with low complexity and overhead is developed. Theoretical analysis and computer simulations show that our strategy can greatly reduce PU's service outage probability, and hence guarantee its QoS and improve its transmission capability. At the same time, the strategy makes it possible for the SU to acquire transmission opportunities. Therefore, the strategy is able to produce a win-win outcome for both the PU and the SU.
引文
[1]Q. Bi, G. I.Zysman and H. Menkes, Wireless mobile communication at the start of the 21st century, IEEE Commun. Mag.,vol.39, no.1,Jan.2001,pp:110-116.
[2]邬贺铨,对我国通信高技术研究的世纪开局的述评,电子学报,vol.S1,2004, pp:1-5.
[3]J. G. Proakis, Digital Communications,第4版,北京：电子工业出版社,2006年9月.
[4]罗涛,乐光新,多天线无线通信原理与应用,北京：北京邮电大学出版社,2005年11月.
[5]张玉艳,于翠波,数字移动通信系统,北京：人民邮电出版社,2008年11月.
[6]曹淑敏,走向宽带泛在的无线移动通信,世界电信,vol.12,2009年12月,pp:43-45.
[7]T. S. Rappaport,无线通信原理与应用,第2版,北京：电子工业出版社,2004年3月.
[8]A. Sendonaris, E. Erkip and B.Aazhang, User cooperation diversity--part Ⅰ:system description, IEEE Trans. Commun., vol.51, no.11,Nov.2003,pp:1927-1938.
[9]A. Sendonaris, E. Erkip and B. Aazhang, User cooperation diversity--part Ⅱ:implementation aspects and performance analysis, IEEE Trans. Commun.,vol.53,no.11,Nov.2003,pp: 1939-1948.
[10]尹长川,罗涛,乐光新,多载波宽带无线通信技术,北京：北京邮电大学,2004年7月.
[11]余官定,多载波与合作通信系统中的资源优化分配研究,[博士学位论文],浙江杭州：浙江大学,2006年4月.
[12]石璟,无线中继系统中的资源优化分配与合作策略研究,[博士学位论文],浙江杭州：浙江大学,2007年7月.
[13]周向炜,认知OFDM传输系统设计与关键技术研究,[硕士学位论文],浙江杭州：浙江大学,2007年7月.
[14]P. Cheng, Z. Zhang, H. Chen, et. al.,Optimal distributed joint frequency, rate and power allocation in cognitive OFDMA systems, IET Commun.,vol.2, no.6,2008, pp:815-826.
[15]周小飞,张宏刚,认知无线电原理及应用,北京：北京邮电大学出版社,2007年7月.
[16]FCC, Spectrum policy task force report, ET Docket No.02-155, Nov.2002.
[17]O. Oyman, J. N. Laneman and S.Sandhu, Multihop relaying for broadband wireless mesh networks:from theory to practice, IEEE Commun. Mag.,vol.45, no.11,Nov.2007, pp: 116-122.
[18]M. Dohler, E. Lefranc and H. Aghvami, Virtual antenna arrays for future wireless mobile communication systems, In Proc. IEEE ICT'02, Beijing, China, Jun.2002, pp:501-505.
[19]R. Pabst, B.H. Walke, D. C. Schultz, et. al., Relay-based deployment concepts for wireless and mobile broadband radio, IEEE Commun. Mag.,vol.42, no.9, Sep.2004, pp:80-89.
[20]J. N. Laneman and G. W. Wornell, Distributed space-time-coded protocols for exploiting cooperative diversity in wireless networks, IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol.49, no.10, Oct. 2003,pp:2415-2425.
[21]R. Mudumbai, D. R. Brown, U. Madhow, et. al.,Distributed beamforming in wireless relay networks with quantized feedback, IEEE Commun. Mag.,vol.47, no.2, Feb.2009, pp: 102-110.
[22]A. Bletsas, A. Khisti, D. P. Reed, et. al.,A simple cooperative diversity method based on network path selection, IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.,vol.24, no.3,Mar.2006, pp: 659-672.
[23]J. N.Laneman, D. N. C.Tse and G. W. Wornell, Cooperative diversity in wireless networks: efficient protocols and outage behavior, IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol.50, no.12, Dec. 2004, pp:3062-3080.
[24]T. C. Y. Ng and W. Yu, Joint optimization of relay strategies and resource allocations in cooperative cellular networks,IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.,vol.25, no.2, Feb.2007, pp: 328-339.
[25]Z. Yi and I. M. Kim, Diversity order analysis of the decode-and-forward cooperative networks with relay selection, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.7, no.5, May 2008, pp: 1792-1799.
[26]Y. Zhu, Y. Xin and P. Y. Kam, Optimal transmission strategies for reyleigh fading relay channels, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.7, no.2, Feb.2008, pp:618-628.
[27]L. Xie and X. Zhang, TDMA and FDMA based resource allocations for quality of service provisioning over wireless relay networks, In Proc. IEEE WCNC'07, Hongkong, China, Mar. 2007, pp:3153-3157.
[28]K. B; Letaief and W. Zhang, Cooperative communications for cognitive radio networks, Proc. IEEE, vol.97, no.5,May 2009, pp:1-16.
[29]Q. Zhang, J. Jia and J. Zhang, Cooperative relay to improve diversity in cognitive radio networks, IEEE Commun. Mag.,vol.47, no.2, Feb.2009, pp:111-117.
[30]WWRF/WG4, Relaying subgroup white paper. Relay-based deployment concepts for wireless and mobile broadband cellular radio, Version 0.1,Jun.2003.
[31]WINNER project, http://www.ist-winner.org.
[32]WINNER+ project, http://projects.celtic-initiative.org/WINNER+/.
[33]Research projects of Communication Technology Laboratory in ETH Zurich, http://www.nari.ee.ethz.ch/wireless/research/projects.html.
[34]Research projects of Signals and Information Group in the University of Maryland, http://www.cspl.umd.edu/sig/research/.
[35]J. N. Laneman, Cooperative diversity in wireless networks:Algorithms and architectures, [PhD Dissertation],Cambridge, MA:Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Aug.2002.
[36]A.Bletsas, Intelligent antenna sharing in cooperative diversity wireless networks, [PhD Dissertation],Cambridge, MA:Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sep.2005.
[37]路安琼,协同通信系统中信道估计及性能的研究,[硕士学位论文],北京：北京邮电大学,2008年3月.
[38]佘莎,放大转发协同通信系统中功率分配算法研究,[硕士学位论文],北京：北京邮电大学,2008年3月.
[39]林霏,无线网络中协同通信技术的研究,[博士学位论文],北京：北京邮电大学,2008年4月.
[40]张旗,协同通信网络结构及优化研究,[博士学位论文],北京：北京邮电大学,2005年4月.
[41]张静美,无线协作传输系统及资源优化配置,[博士学位论文],北京：北京邮电大学,2006年4月.
[42]董波,LDPC编码的分布式空时合作通信系统,[硕士学位论文],浙江杭州：浙江大学,2006年5月.
[43]陈实,无线合作分集网络中的资源分配研究,[硕士学位论文],浙江杭州：浙江大学,2007年4月.
[44]M. J.Lee, J. Zheng, Y. B.Ko, et. al.,Emerging standards for wireless mesh technology, IEEE Commun. Mag.,vol.13,no.2, Apr.2006, pp:56-63.
[45]G.R. Hiertz, Y. Zang, S. Max, et. al.,IEEE 802.11s:WLAN mesh standardization and high performance extensions, IEEE Network, vol.22, no.3,Jun.2008, pp:12-19.
[46]S.W. Peters and R. W. Heath Jr., The future of WiMAX:multi-hop relaying with IEEE 802.16j, IEEE Commun. Mag.,vol.47, no.1,Jan.2009, pp:104-111.
[47]S.Parkvall and D. Astely, The evolution of LTE towards IMT-Advanced, J. Commun.,vol.4, no.3,Apr.2009, pp:146-154.
[1]T. M. Cover and A. A. El Gamal, Capacity theorems for the relay channei, IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. IT-25,no.5, Sep.1979, pp:572-584.
[2]M. A. Khojastepour, A. Sabharwal and B.Aazhang, On capacity of Gaussian'cheap' relay channel, In Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM'03, San Francisco, CA, USA, Dec.2003,pp: 1776-1780.
[3]A. Sendonaris, E. Erkip and B.Aazhang, User cooperation diversity--part Ⅰ:system description, IEEE Trans. Commun.,vol.51,no.11,Nov.2003, pp:1927-1938.
[4]A. Sendonaris, E. Erkip and B. Aazhang, User cooperation diversity-part Ⅱ:implementation aspects and performance analysis, IEEE Trans. Commun.,vol.51,no.11,Nov.2003,pp: 1939-1948.
[5]J. N. Laneman, D. N. C. Tse and G.W. Wornell, Cooperative diversity in wireless networks: efficient protocols and outage behavior, IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol.50, no.12, Dec. 2004, pp:3062-3080.
[6]M. O. Hasna and M. S. Alouini, End-to-end performance of transmission systems with relays over Rayleigh-fading channel, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.2, no.6, Jun.2005, pp: 2020-2040.
[7]A. El Gamal and M. Aref, The capacity of the semideterministic relay channel, IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol.28, no.3,May 1982, p:536.
[8]L. You, M. Song, J. Song, et. al., Adaptive resource allocation in OFDMA relay-aided cooperative cellular networks, In Proc. IEEE VTC Spring'08, Marina Bay, Singapore, May 2008, pp:1925-1929.
[9]O. Oyman, J. N. Laneman and S.Sandhu, Multihop relaying for broadband wireless mesh networks:from theory to practice, IEEE Commun. Mag.,vol.45, no.11,Nov.2007, pp: 116-122.
[10]T. M. Cover and J. A. Thomas, Elements of Information Theory, Wiley Series in Telecommunications,1991.
[11]T.E. Hunter and A. Nosratinia, Cooperative diversity through coding, In Proc. IEEE ISIT'02, Lausanne, Switzerland, Jul.2002, p:220.
[12]A. Nosratinia, T. E. Hunter and A. Hedayat, Cooperative communication in wireless networks, IEEE Commun. Mag.,vol.42, no.10, Oct.2004, pp:74-80.
[13]A. Stefanov and E. Erkip, Cooperative coding for wireless networks, IEEE Trans. Commun., vol.52, no.9, Sep.2004, pp:1470-1476.
[14]Y. Li, B.Vucetic, T. Wong, et. al.,Distributed turbo coding with soft information relaying in multihop relay networks, IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.,vol.24, no.11,Nov.2006, pp: 2040-2050.
[15]董波,LDPC编码的分布式空时合作通信系统,[硕士学位论文],浙江杭州：浙江大学,2006年5月.
[16]S.Jeon and S.H. Lee, A relay-assisted handover technique with network coding over multihop cellular networks, IEEE Commun. Lett.,vol.11,no.3,Mar.2007, pp:252-254.
[17]R. U. Nabar, H. Bolcskei and F. W. Kneubuhler, Fading relay channels:performance limits and space-time signal design, IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.,vol.22, no.6, Aug.2004, pp: 1099-1109.
[18]J.N.Laneman and G.W. Wornell, Distributed space-time-coded protocols for exploiting cooperative diversity in wireless networks, IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol.49, no.10, Oct. 2003,pp:2415-2425.
[19]A. Stefanov and E. Erkip, Cooperative space-time coding for wireless networks, IEEE Trans. Commun.,vol.53,no.11,Nov.2005, pp:1804-1809.
[20]M. Dohler, A. Gkelias and H. Aghvami, Resource allocation for FDMA-based regenerative multihop links, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.3,no.6, Nov.2004, pp:1989-1993.
[21]K. Wu and W. Liao, Flow allocation in multi-hop wireless networks:a cross-layer approach, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.7, no.1,Jan.2008, pp:269-276.
[22]Q. Zhang and Y. Q. Zhang, Cross-layer design for QoS support in multihop wireless networks, Proc. IEEE, vol.96, no.1,Jan.2008, pp:64-76.
[23]J. Cho and Z. J. Haas, On the throughput enhancement of the down-stream channel in cellular radio networks through multihop relaying,IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., vol.22, no.7, Sep.2004, pp:1206-1219.
[24]J.Boyer, D. Falconer and H. Yanikomeroglu, Multihop diversity in wireless relaying channels, IEEE Trans. Commun.,vol.52, no.10, Oct.2004, pp:1820-1830.
[25]S. Savazzi and U. Spagnolini, Energy aware power allocation strategies for multihop-cooperative transmission schemes, IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.,vol.25,no.2, Feb.2007, pp:318-327.
[26]L. Le and E. Hossain, Cross-layer optimization frameworks for multihop wireless networks using cooperative diversity, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.7, no.7, Jul.2008, pp: 2592-2602.
[27]H.Wu, C.Qiao, S.De, et. al., Integrated cellular and ad-hoc relay systems:iCAR, IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.,vol.19, no.10, Oct.2001,pp:2105-2115.
[28]X. Du and D. Wu, Adaptive cell relay routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks, IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol.55, no.1,Jan.2006, pp:278-285.
[29]A.Al-Hanbali, A. A. Kherani, R. Groenevelt, et. al.,Impact of mobility on the performance of relaying in ad hoc networks, In Proc. IEEE INFOCOM'06, Barcelona, Spain, Apr.2006, pp: 1-12.
[30]G. R. Hiertz, Y. Zang, S.Max, et. al.,IEEE 802.11s:WLAN mesh standardization and high performance extensions, IEEE Network, vol.22, no.3, Jun.2008, pp:12-19.
[31]G. N. Aggelouand and R. Tafazolh, On the relaying capacity of next generation GSM cellular networks, IEEE Pers. Commun.,vol.8, no.1,Feb.2001, pp:40-47.
[32]T. Rouse, I. Band and S. Mclaughlin, Capacity and power investigation of opportunity driven multiple access (ODMA) networks in TDD-CDMA based systems, In Proc. IEEE ICC'02, New York, NY, USA, Apr.2002, pp:3202-3206.
[33]Y. Lin and Y. Hsu, Multihop cellular:a new architecture for wireless communications, In Proc. IEEE INFOCOM'02, Piscataway, NJ, USA, Mar.2000, pp:1273-1283.
[34]R. Ananthapadmanbha, B.S.Manoj and C. Siva Ram Murthy, Multi-hop cellular network: the architecture and routing protocols, In Proc. IEEE PIMRC'01,San Diego, CA, USA, Oct. 2001,pp:78-82.
[35]H. Wu, C. Qiao and O. Tonguz, A new generation wireless system with integrated cellular and mobile relaying technologies, In Proc. of Wireless Access Systems Conference (WAS'2000), San Francisco, CA, USA, Dec.2000, pp:55-62.
[36]H. Wu,C. Qiao, S.De, et. al.,Integrated cellular and ad hoc relaying systems:iCAR, IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., vol.19, no.10, Oct.2001,pp:2105-2115.
[37]G. Scutari and S. Barbarossa, Distributed space-time coding for regenerative relay networks, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol.4, no.5, Sep.2005, pp:2387-2399.
[38]S. Yiu, R. Schober and L. Lampe, Distributed space-time block coding, IEEE Trans. Commun., vol.54, no.7, Jul.2006, pp:1195-1206.
[39]P. Viswanath and D. N. C. Tse, Opportunistic beamforming using dumb antennas, IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol.48, no.6, Jun.2002, pp:1277-1294.
[40]E.Koyuncu, Y.Jing and H. Jafarkhani, Distributed beamforming in wireless relay networks with quantized feedback, IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., vol.26, no.8, Oct.2008, pp: 1429-1439.
[41]Y. Zhao, R. Adve and T. J. Lim, Beamforming with limited feedback in amplify-and-forward cooperative networks, IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol.7, no.12, Dec.2008, pp:5145-5149.
[42]Z. Ding, W. H. Chin and K. K. Leung, Distributed beamforming and power allocation for cooperative networks, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.7, no.5,May 2008, pp: 1817-1822.
[43]A. F. Molisch and M. Z. Win, MIMO systems with antenna selection-An overview, IEEE Microwave Mag.,vol.5,no.1,Mar.2004, pp:46-56.
[44]S. Nam, M. Vu and V. Tarokh, Relay selection methods for wireless cooperative communications, In Proc. IEEE CISS'08, Princeton, NJ, USA, Mar.2008, pp:859-864.
[45]R. Madan, N. B. Mehta, A. F. Molisch, et. al., Energy-efficient cooperative relaying over fading channels with simple relay selection, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol.7, no.8, Aug.2008, pp:3013-3025.
[46]T. W. Ban, B. C. Jung, D. K. Sung, et. al., Performance analysis of two relay selection schemes for cooperative diversity, In Proc. IEEE PIMRC'07, Athens, Greece, Sep.2007, pp: 1-5.
[47]Y. Jing and H. Jafarkhani, Single and multiple relay selection schemes and their diversity orders, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.8, no.3,Mar.2009, pp:1414-1423.
[48]H. Sreng, H. Yanikomeroglu and D. Falconer, Relayer selection strategies in cellular networks with peer-to-peer relaying, In Proc. IEEE VTC Fall'03, Orlando, FL, USA, Oct. 2003,pp:1949-1953.
[49]A. Bletsas, A. Khisti,D. P. Reed, et. al., A simple cooperative diversity method based on network path selection, IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.,vol.24, no.3,Mar.2006, pp: 659-672.
[50]A. Bletsas, H.Shin and M. Z. Win, Outage optimality of opportunistic amplify-and-forward relaying, IEEE Commun. Lett.,vol.11,no.3,Mar.2007, pp:261-263.
[51]A.Bletsas, H. Shin and M. Z. Win, Cooperative communications with outage-optimal opportunistic relaying, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.6, no.9, Sep.2007, pp: 3450-3460.
[52]R. Tannious and A. Nosratinia, Spectrally-efficient relay selection with limited feedback, IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.,vol.26, no.8, Oct.2008, pp:1419-1428.
[53]E. Beres and R. Adve, Selection cooperation in multi-source cooperative networks, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.7, no.1,Jan.2008, pp:118-127.
[54]K. Chen, B. Zhang, D. Liu, et. al.,Proactive relay selection in distributed multi-source cooperative networks, In Proc. IEEE International Conference on Communications Technology and Applications (ICCTA),Beijing, China, Oct.2009, pp:96-100.
[55]A. Bletsas, A. Khisti and M. Z. Win, Opportunistic cooperative diversity with feedback and cheap radios, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.7, no.5, May 2008, pp:1823-1827.
[56]D. Gunduz and E. Erkip, Opportunistic cooperation by dynamic resource allocation, IEEE Trans.Wireless Commun.,vol.6, no.4, Apr.2007, pp:1446-1454.
[57]W. Su and X.Liu, On optimal selection relaying protocols in cooperative wireless networks, IEEE Trans. Commun., vol.58,no.1,Jan.2010, pp:52-57.
[58]R. Annavajjala, P. C.Cosman and L.B.Milstein, Statistical channel knowledge-based optimum power allocation for relaying protocols in the high SNR regime, IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.,vol.25,no.2, Feb.2007, pp:292-305.
[59]J. W. Huang, Z. Han, M. Chiang, et. al.,Auction-based resource allocation for cooperative communications, IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., vol.26, no.7, Sep.2008, pp:1226-1237.
[60]林霏,无线网络中协同通信技术的研究,[博士学位论文],北京：北京邮电大学,2008年4月.
[61]L. Xie and X. Zhang, TDMA and FDMA based resource allocations for quality of service provisioning over wireless relay networks, In Proc. IEEE WCNC'07, Kowloon, China, Mar. 2007, pp:3155-3159.
[62]S.Ren and K. B.Letaief, Optimal effective capacity for cooperative relay networks with QoS guarantees, In Proc. IEEE ICC'08, Beijing, China, May 2008, pp:3725-3729.
[63]Y. Li, B. Vucetic, Z. Zhou, et. al., Distributed adaptive power allocation for wireless relay networks, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.6, no.3,Mar.2007, pp:948-958.
[64]M. Chen, S.Serbetli and A. Yener, Distributed power allocation strategies for parallel relay networks, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.7, no.2,Feb.2008, pp:552-561.
[65]Z. Zhou, S.Zhou, J. Cui, et.al.,Energy-efficient cooperative cocmmunication based on power control and selective single-relay in wireless sensor networks, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.7, no.8, Aug.2008, pp:3066-3078.
[66]B. Wang, Z. Han and K. J. R. Liu, Distributed relay selection and power control for multiuser cooperative communication networks using Stackelberg game, IEEE Trans. Mobile Comput., vol.8, no.7, Jul.2009, pp:975-990.
[67]Y. Li, B.Vucetic, Z. Chen, et. al.,An improved relay selection scheme with hybrid relaying protocols, In Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM'07, Washington, USA, Nov.2007, pp:3704-3708.
[68]王文益,杨树元,梁军利等,基于译码-转发的多中继合作分集系统的功率分配,电子与信息学报,vol.30, no.3,2008年3月,pp：612-615.
[69]A. S.Ibrahim, A. K. Sadek, W. Su, et. al.,Cooperative communications with relay-selection: when to cooperate and whom to cooperate with?, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.7, no. 7, Jul.2008, pp:2814-2827.
[70]尹长川,罗涛,乐光新,多载波宽带无线通信技术,北京：北京邮电大学,2004年7月.
[71]M. Kaneko, K. Hayashi, P. Popovski, et. al.,Amplify-and-forward cooperative diversity schemes for multi-carrier systems, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.7, no.5,May 2008, pp:1845-1850.
[72]B. Gui, L. Dai and L. J. Cimini Jr., Selective relaying in cooperative OFDM systems: two-hop random network, In Proc. IEEE WCNC'08, Las Vegas, NV, USA, Apr.2008, pp: 996-1001.
[73]B.Can, H. Yomo and E. D. Carvalho, Hybrid forwarding scheme for cooperative relaying in OFDM based networks, In Proc. IEEE ICC'06, Istanbul, Turkey, Jul.2006, pp:4520-4525.
[74]余官定,多载波与合作通信系统中的资源优化分配研究,[博士学位论文],浙江杭州：浙江大学,2006年4月.
[75]吴彤,王莹,束超等,基于两跳载波配对策略的非再生OFDM中继系统性能优化,北京邮电大学学报,vol.30, no.11,2008年11月,pp：2547-2551.
[76]B. Gui and L. J. Cimini Jr., Resource allocation algorithms for multiuser cooperative OFDMA systems with subchannel permutation, In Proc. IEEE CISS'08, Princeton, NJ, USA, Mar.2008, pp:692-697.
[77]H. Li, H. Luo, X. Wang, et. al., Fairness-aware resource allocation in OFDMA cooperative relaying network, In Proc. IEEE ICC'09, Dresden, Germany, Jun.2009, pp:1-5.
[78]I. Hammerstrom and A. Wittneben, On the optimal power allocation for nonregenerative OFDM relay links, In Proc. IEEE ICC'06, Istanbul, Turkey, Jul.2006, pp:4463-4468.
[79]R. Kwak and J. M. Cioffi, Resource-allocation for OFDMA multi-hop relaying downlink systems, In Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM'07, Washington, USA, Nov.2007, pp:3225-3229.
[80]G.Li and H. Liu, Resource allocation for OFDMA relay networks with fairness constraints, IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.,vol.24, no.11,Nov.2006, pp:2061-2069.
[81]J. Shi, G. Yu, Z. Zhang, et. al.,Resource allocation in OFDM based multihop wireless networks, In Proc. IEEE VTC Fall'06, Melbourne, Australia, May 2006, pp:319-323.
[82]I.Hammerstrom and A. Wittneben, Power allocation schemes for amplify-and-forward MIMO-OFDM relay links, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol.6, no.8, Aug.2007, pp: 2798-2802.
[83]Z. Tang and G.Wei, Resource allocation with fairness consideration in OFDMA-based relay networks, In Proc. IEEE WCNC'09, Budapest, Hungary, Apr.2009, pp:-1-5.
[84]M. K. Awad and X. Shen, OFDMA based two-hop cooperative relay network resources allocation, In Proc. IEEE ICC'08, Beijing, China, May 2008,pp:4414-4418.
[85]K. Chen, B.Zhang, D. Liu, et. al.,Fair resource allocation in OFDMA two-hop cooperative relaying cellular networks, In Proc. IEEE VTC Fall'09,Anchorage, Alaska, Sep.2009, pp: 1-5.
[86]T. C. Y. Ng and W. Yu, Joint optimization of relay strategies and resource allocations in cooperative cellular networks, IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., vol.25,no.2, Feb.2007, pp: 328-339.
[87]陈凯,张碧玲,刘丹谱等,OFDMA解码转发中继系统的最优资源分配,北京邮电大学学报,vol.33, no.1,2010年2月,pp：13-18.
[88]FCC, Facilitating opportunities for flexible, efficient and reliable spectrum use employing cognitive radio technologies, NPRM & Order, ET Docket no.03-108, FCC 03-322,2003.
[89]J. Mitola and G. Q. Maguire, Cognitive radio:making software radios more personal, IEEE Pers. Commun. Mag.,vol.6, no.4, Aug.1999, pp:13-18.
[90]FCC, Spectrum policy task force report, ET Docket No.02-155, Nov.2002.
[91]J. M. Peha, Approaches to spectrum sharing, IEEE Commun. Mag.,vol.43, no.2, Feb.2005, pp:10-12.
[92]G. Faulhaber and D. Farber, Spectrum management:property rights, markets and the commons, In Proc. Telecommunications Policy Research Conference, Oct.2003.
[93]S. Haykin, Cognitive radio:brain-empowered wireless communications, IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.,vol.23,no.2, Jan.2005,pp:201-220.
[94]FCC, Facilitating opportunities for flexible, efficient, and reliable spectrum use employing cognitive radio technologies, ET Docket 03-289, Notice of Inquiry and Proposed,2003.
[95]O. Simeone, I.Stanojev, S.Savazzi, et. al.,Spectrum leasing to cooperative secondary ad hoc networks, IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.,vol.26, no.1,Jan.2008,pp:203-213.
[96]S.K. Jayaweera and T. Li, Dynamic spectrum leasing in cognitive radio networks via primary-secondary user power control games, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.8, no.6, Jun.2009, pp:3300-3310.
[97]H. Arslan, Cognitive radio, software defined radio, and adaptive wireless systems, Springer, 2007.
[98]K. B. Letaief and W. Zhang, Cooperative communications for cognitive radio networks, Proc. IEEE, vol.97, no.5,May 2009, pp:1-16.
[99]I. F. Akyildiz, W. Y. Lee, M. C. Vuran, et. al., Next generation/dynamic spectrum access/cognitive radio wireless networks:a survey, Elsevier Computer Networks, vol.50, May 2006, pp:2127-2159.
[100]T. A. Weiss and F. K. Jondral, Spectrum pooling:an innovative strategy for the enhancement of spectrum efficiency, IEEE Commun. Mag., vol.,no.,Mar.2004, pp:8-14.
[101]C. Sun and K. B. Letaief, User cooperation in heterogeneous cognitive radio networks with interference reduction, In Proc. IEEE ICC'08, Beijing, China, May 2008, pp:3193-3197.
[102]G. Ganesan and Y. Li, Cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio, part I:two user networks, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol.6, no.6, Jun.2007, pp:2204-2213.
[103]G.Ganesan and Y. Li, Cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio, part II:multiuser networks, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.6,no.6, Jun.2007, pp:2214-2222.
[104]O. Simeone, U. Spagnolini and Y. Bar-Ness, Stable throughput of cognitive radios with and without relaying capability, IEEE Trans. Commun.,vol.55,no.12, Dec.2007, pp: 2351-2360.
[105]G. Zhao, J. Ma, Y. Li, et.al.,Spatial spectrum holes in cognitive radio with relay transmission, In Proc. IEEE VTC Spring'09, Barcelona, Spain, April,2009, pp:1-5.
[106]Q. Zhang,J. Jia and J. Zhang, Cooperative relay to improve diversity in cognitive radio networks, IEEE Commun. Mag.,vol.47, no.2, Feb.2009, pp:111-117.
[1]A. Bletsas, A. Khisti, D. P. Reed, et. al., A simple cooperative diversity method based on network path selection, IEEE J. Select.Areas Commun.,vol.24, no.3,Mar.2006, pp: 659-672.
[2]A. Bletsas, A. Khisti and M. Z. Win, Opportunistic cooperative diversity with feedback and cheap radios, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.7, no.5,May 2008, pp:1823-1827.
[3]A. Bletsas, H. Shin and M. Z. Win, Cooperative communications with outage-optimal opportunistic relaying, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.6, no.9, Sep.2007, pp: 3450-3460.
[4]A. Bletsas, H. Shin and M. Z. Win, Outage optimality of opportunistic amplify-and-forward relaying, IEEE Commun. Lett., vol.11,no.3,Mar.2007, pp:261-263.
[5]A. Bletsas, Intelligent antenna sharing in cooperative diversity wireless networks, [PhD Dissertation],Cambridge, MA:Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sep.2005.
[6]A. Nosratinia and T. E. Hunter, Grouping and partner selection in cooperative wireless networks, IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.,vol.25,no.2, Feb.2007, pp:369-378.
[7]E. Beres and R. Adve, Selection cooperation in multi-source cooperative networks, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.7, no.1,Jan.2008, pp:118-127.
[8]J. Cai,X. Shen, J. W. Mark, et. al., Semi-distributed user relaying algorithm for amplify-and-forward wireless relay networks, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.7, no.4, Apr.2008, pp:1348-1357.
[9]T. C. Y. Ng and W. Yu, Joint optimization of relay strategies and resource allocations in cooperative cellular networks, IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.,vol.25, no.2, Feb.2007, pp: 328-339.
[10]陈凯,张碧玲,刘丹谱等,OFDMA解码转发中继系统的最优资源分配,北京邮电大学学报,vol.33,no.1,2010年2月,pp：13-18.
[11]J. N. Laneman and G. W. Wornell, Distributed space-time-coded protocols for exploiting cooperative diversity in wireless networks, IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol.49, no.10, Oct. 2003,pp:2415-2425.
[12]D. Liu, J. Hao and G. Yue, A practical cooperative diversity scheme based on opportunistic relaying with acknowledgement and random backoff, In Proc.4th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Communications (ICWMC),Athens, Greece, Aug.2008, pp:65-70.
[13]L.Zheng and D. N. C. Tse, Diversity and multiplexing:A fundamental tradeoff in multiple-antenna channels, IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol.49, no.5,May 2003,pp: 1073-1096.
[14]D. Chen and J. N. Laneman, Modulation and demodulation for cooperative diversity in wireless systems, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.5,no.7,Jul.2006, pp:1785-1794.
[1]C.Y. Wong, R. S. Cheng, K. B. Letaief, et. al., Multiuser OFDM with adpative subcarrier, bit and power allocation, IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.,vol.17, no.10, Oct.1999, pp: 1747-1758.
[2]J.Jang and K. B. Lee, Transmit power adaptation for multiuser OFDM systems, IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.,vol.21,no.2, Feb.2003,pp:171-178.
[3]Z. Han, Z. Ji and K. J. R. Liu, Fair multiuser channel allocation for OFDMA networks using nash bargaining solutions and coalitions, IEEE Trans. Commun.,vol.53,no.8, Aug.2005,pp: 1366-1376.
[4]Z. Shen, J. G.Andrews and B. L. Evans, Adaptive resource allocation in multiuser OFDM systems with proportional rate constraints, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.4, no.6, Nov. 2005,pp:2726-2737.
[5]I. C. Wong and B. L.Evans, Optimal downlink OFDMA resource allocation with linear complexity to maximize ergodic rates, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.7, no.3,Mar. 2008, pp:962-971.
[6]G.Li and H. Liu, Resource allocation for OFDMA relay networks with fairness constraints, IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.,vol.24, no.11,Nov.2006, pp:2061-2069.
[7]H. Jeong and J. H. Lee, Adaptive relay selection for regenerative OFDMA relay networks with fairness constraints, In Proc. IEEE VTC-Fall'08, Calgary, Canada, Sep.2008, pp:1-5.
[8]K. Chen, B.Zhang, D. Liu, et. al., Fair resource allocation in OFDMA two-hop cooperative relaying cellular networks, In Proc. IEEE VTC Fall'09, Anchorage, Alaska, Sep.2009, pp: 1-5.
[9]W. Nam, W. Chang, S. Y.Chung, et. al.,Transmit optimization for relay-based cellular OFDMA systems, In Proc. IEEE ICC'07, Glasgow, Scotland, Jun.2007, pp:5714-5719.
[10]L. You, M. Song, J. Song, et. al.,Adaptive resource allocation in OFDMA relay-aided cooperative cellular networks, In Proc. IEEE VTC Spring'08, Marina Bay, Singapore, May 2008, pp:1925-1929.
[11]Z. Tang and G.Wei, Resource allocation with fairness consideration in OFDMA-based relay networks, In Proc. IEEE WCNC'09, Budapest, Hungary, Apr.2009, pp:1-5.
[12]B. Da and C. C.Ko, Subcarrier and power allocation in relay-assistant OFDMA cellular system, In Proc.14th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications (APCC), Akihabara, Tokyo, Oct.2008, pp:1-5.
[13]H. Li, H. Luo, X.Wang, et. al., Fairness-aware resource allocation in OFDMA cooperative relaying network, In Proc. IEEE ICC'09, Dresden, Germany, Jun.2009, pp:1-5.
[14]R. Kwak and J. M. Cioffi, The subchannel-allocation for OFDMA relaying downlink systems with total power constraint, In Proc. IEEE VTC-Fall'08, Calgary, Canada, Sep.2008, pp:1-5.
[15]C. Bae and D. H. Cho, Fairness-aware adaptive resource allocation scheme in multihop OFDMA systems, IEEE Commun. Lett.,vol.11,no.2, Feb.2007, pp:134-136.
[16]Y.Pan, A. Nix and M. Beach, Resource allocation techniques for OFDMA-based decode-and-forward relaying networks, In Proc. IEEE VTC-Spring'08, Marina Bay, Singapore, May 2008, pp:1717-1721.
[17]R. Kwak and J. M. Cioffi, Resource-allocation for OFDMA multi-hop relaying downlink systems, In Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM'07, Washington, USA, Nov.2007, pp:3225-3229.
[18]T. C. Y. Ng and W. Yu, Joint optimization of relay strategies and resource allocations in cooperative cellular networks, IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.,vol.25, no.2, Feb.2007, pp: 328-339.
[19]G.Song and Y. Li, Cross-layer optimization for OFDM wireless networks part II:algorithm development, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.4, no.2, Mar.2005, pp:625-634.
[20]W. Yu and R. Lui, Dual methods for nonconvex spectrum optimization of multicarrier systems, IEEE Trans. Commun.,vol.54, no.7, Jul.2006, pp:1310-1322.
[21]Z. Luo and S.Zhang, Dynamic spectrum management:complexity and duality, IEEE J. Select. Areas Sig. Process.,vol.2, no.1,Feb.2008, pp:57-73.
[22]S. Boyd, Convex Optimization, Cambridge, United Kingdom:Cambridge University Press, 2004.
[23]N. Z. Shor, Minimization Methods for Non-Differentiable Functions, New York:Springer, 1985.
[24]P. Hande, S. Zhang and M. Chiang, Distributed rate allocation for inelastic flows, IEEE/ACM Trans. Network.,vol.15,no.6, Dec.2007, pp:1240-1253.
[25]何坚勇,最优化方法,北京：清华大学出版社,2007年7月.
[26]R. Jain, A. Durresi and G Babic, Throughput fairness index:an explanation, ATM Forum/99-0045,Feb.1999.
[1]C. Bae and D. H. Cho, Fairness-aware adaptive resource allocation scheme in multihop OFDMA systems, IEEE Commun. Lett,vol.11,no.2, Feb.2007, pp:134-136.
[2]Y. Pan, A. Nix and M. Beach, Resource allocation techniques for OFDMA-based decode-and-forward relaying networks, In Proc. IEEE VTC-Spring'08, Marina Bay, Singapore, May 2008, pp:1717-1721.
[3]H. Li,H. Luo, X. Wang, et. al.,Fairness-aware resource allocation in OFDMA cooperative relaying network, In Proc. IEEE ICC'09, Dresden, Germany, Jun.2009, pp:1-5.
[4]陈凯,张碧玲,刘丹谱等,OFDMA解码转发中继系统的最优资源分配,北京邮电大学学报,vol.33,no.1,2010年2月,pp：13-18.
[5]M. K. Awad and X. Shen, OFDMA based two-hop cooperative relay network resources allocation, In Proc. IEEE ICC'08, Beijing, China, May 2008, pp:4414-4418.
[6]D. Zhang, Y. Wang and J. Lu, On QoS-guaranteed downlink cooperative OFDMA systems with amplify-and-forward relays:optimal schedule and resource allocation, In Proc. IEEE WCNC'09, Budapest, Hungary, April,2009, pp:1-5.
[7]Z. Tang and G.Wei, Resource allocation with fairness consideration in OFDMA-based relay networks, In Proc. IEEE WCNC'09, Budapest, Hungary, Apr.2009, pp:1-5.
[8]G.Owen, Game Theory,3rd ed. New York:Academic,2001.
[9]Z. Han, Z. Ji and K. J. R. Liu, Fair multiuser channel allocation for OFDMA networks using nash bargaining solutions and coalitions, IEEE Trans. Commun.,vol.53, no.8, Aug.2005,pp: 1366-1376.
[10]M. O. Hasna and M.S.Alouini, Optimal power allocation for relayed transmissions over rayleigh-fading channels, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.3,no.6, Nov.2004, pp: 1999-2004.
[11]J. Luo, R. S.Blum, L. J. Cimini, et. al., Decode-and-forward cooperative diversity with power allocation in wireless networks, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.6, no.3,Mar. 2007, pp:793-799.
[12]R. Kwak and J. M. Cioffi, Resource-allocation for OFDMA multi-hop relaying downlink systems, In Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM'07, Washington, USA, Nov.2007, pp:3225-3229.
[13]R. Kwak and J. M. Cioffi, The subchannel-allocation for OFDMA relaying downlink systems with total power constraint, In Proc. IEEE VTC-Fall'08, Calgary, Canada, Sep.2008, pp:1-5.
[14]H. Jeong and J. H. Lee, Adaptive relay selection for regenerative OFDMA relay networks with fairness constraints, In Proc. IEEE VTC-Fall'08, Calgary, Canada, Sep.2008, pp:1-5.
[15]T. C. Y. Ng and W. Yu, Joint optimization of relay strategies and resource allocations in cooperative cellular networks, IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.,vol.25,no.2, Feb.2007, pp: 328-339.
[16]Y. Zhang and K. B. Letaief, Multiuser adaptive subcarrier-and-bit allocation with adaptive cell selection for OFDM systems, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.3,no.5, Sep.2004, pp:1566-1575.
[17]B. Da and C. C. Ko, Subcarrier and power allocation in relay-assistant OFDMA cellular system, In Proc.14th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications (APCC), Akihabara, Tokyo, Oct.2008, pp:1-5.
[18]G.Li and H. Liu, Resource allocation for OFDMA relay networks with fairness constraints, IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.,vol.24, no.11,Nov.2006, pp:2061-2069.
[19]L. Wang, Y. Ji and F. Liu, Resource allocation for OFDMA relay-enhanced system with cooperative selection diversity, In Proc. IEEE WCNC'09, Budapest, Hungary, April,2009, pp: 1-5.
[20]J. N. Laneman, D. N. C. Tse and G.W. Wornell, Cooperative diversity in wireless networks: efficient protocols and outage behavior, IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol.50, no.12, Dec. 2004, pp:3062-3080.
[21]L. Wolsey, Integer programming, New York, NY:John Wiley & Sons Inc.,1998.
[22]T. Cormen, C. E. Leiserson and R. L. Rivest, Introduction to algorithms, Cambridge, Massachusetts:MIT Press,2001.
[23]Lindo System Inc., LINGO, http://www.lindo.com.
[1]J. Mitola and G. Q. Maguire, Cognitive radio:making software radios more personal, IEEE Pers. Commun. Mag.,vol.6, no.4, Aug.1999, pp:13-18.
[2]J.M.Peha, Approaches to spectrum sharing, IEEE Commun. Mag.,vol.43,no.2, Feb.2005, pp:10-12.
[3]G. Faulhaber and D. Farber, Spectrum management:property rights, markets and the commons, In Proc. Telecommunications Policy Research Conference, Oct.2003.
[4]K. B.Letaief and W. Zhang, Cooperative communications for cognitive radio networks, Proc. IEEE, vol.97, no.5, May 2009, pp:1-16,
[5]O. Simeone, I.Stanojev, S.Savazzi, et. al.,Spectrum leasing to cooperative secondary ad hoc networks, IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.,vol.26, no.1,Jan.2008, pp:203-213.
[6]G. Owen, Game Theory,3rd ed. New York:Academic,2001.
[7]J. Huang, R. A. Berry and M. L. Honig, Distributed interference compensation for wireless networks, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun.,vol.24, no.5, May 2006, pp:1074-1084.
[8]D. Niyato and E. Hossain, Competitive pricing for spectrum sharing in cognitive radio networks:dynamic game, inefficiency of nash equilibrium, and collusion, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun.,vol.26, no.1,Jan.2008, pp:192-202.
[9]J. Bae, E. Beigman, R. A. Berry, et. al., Sequential bandwidth and power auctions for distributed spectrum sharing, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun.,vol.26, no.7, Sep.2008, pp: 1193-1203.
[10]S.K. Jayaweera and T. Li, Dynamic spectrum leasing in cognitive radio networks via primary-secondary user power control games, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.8, no.6, Jun.2009, pp:3300-3310.
[11]X. Wang, Z. Li, P. Xu, et. al.,Spectrum sharing in cognitive radio networks-an auction-based approach, IEEE Trans. System, Man and Cybernetics, Part B, vol.40, no.1, 2009, pp:1-10.
[12]谢识予,经济博弈论,第3版,上海：复旦大学出版社,2007年8月.
[13]J. N. Laneman, D. N. C. Tse and G.W. Wornell, Cooperative diversity in wireless networks: efficient protocols and outage behavior, IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol.50, no.12, Dec. 2004, pp:3062-3080.
[14]L.Zhou, The nash bargaining theory with non-convex problems, Econometrica, vol.65,May 1997, pp:681-685.
[15]邹玉龙,郑宝玉,崔景伍等,基于跨层机制的最佳协作中继选择及其系统实现,通信学报,vol.29, no.8,2008年8月,pp：1-10.
[16]A. Bletsas, A. Khisti, D. P. Reed, et. al.,A simple cooperative diversity method based on network path selection, IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.,vol.24, no.3,Mar.2006, pp: 659-672.
[17]D. Liu, J. Hao and G. Yue, A practical cooperative diversity scheme based on opportunistic relaying with acknowledgement and random backoff, In Proc.4th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Communications (ICWMC), Athens, Greece, Aug.2008, pp:65-70.
[2]邬贺铨,对我国通信高技术研究的世纪开局的述评,电子学报,vol.S1,2004, pp:1-5.
[3]J. G. Proakis, Digital Communications,第4版,北京：电子工业出版社,2006年9月.
[4]罗涛,乐光新,多天线无线通信原理与应用,北京：北京邮电大学出版社,2005年11月.
[5]张玉艳,于翠波,数字移动通信系统,北京：人民邮电出版社,2008年11月.
[6]曹淑敏,走向宽带泛在的无线移动通信,世界电信,vol.12,2009年12月,pp:43-45.
[7]T. S. Rappaport,无线通信原理与应用,第2版,北京：电子工业出版社,2004年3月.
[8]A. Sendonaris, E. Erkip and B.Aazhang, User cooperation diversity--part Ⅰ:system description, IEEE Trans. Commun., vol.51, no.11,Nov.2003,pp:1927-1938.
[9]A. Sendonaris, E. Erkip and B. Aazhang, User cooperation diversity--part Ⅱ:implementation aspects and performance analysis, IEEE Trans. Commun.,vol.53,no.11,Nov.2003,pp: 1939-1948.
[10]尹长川,罗涛,乐光新,多载波宽带无线通信技术,北京：北京邮电大学,2004年7月.
[11]余官定,多载波与合作通信系统中的资源优化分配研究,[博士学位论文],浙江杭州：浙江大学,2006年4月.
[12]石璟,无线中继系统中的资源优化分配与合作策略研究,[博士学位论文],浙江杭州：浙江大学,2007年7月.
[13]周向炜,认知OFDM传输系统设计与关键技术研究,[硕士学位论文],浙江杭州：浙江大学,2007年7月.
[14]P. Cheng, Z. Zhang, H. Chen, et. al.,Optimal distributed joint frequency, rate and power allocation in cognitive OFDMA systems, IET Commun.,vol.2, no.6,2008, pp:815-826.
[15]周小飞,张宏刚,认知无线电原理及应用,北京：北京邮电大学出版社,2007年7月.
[16]FCC, Spectrum policy task force report, ET Docket No.02-155, Nov.2002.
[17]O. Oyman, J. N. Laneman and S.Sandhu, Multihop relaying for broadband wireless mesh networks:from theory to practice, IEEE Commun. Mag.,vol.45, no.11,Nov.2007, pp: 116-122.
[18]M. Dohler, E. Lefranc and H. Aghvami, Virtual antenna arrays for future wireless mobile communication systems, In Proc. IEEE ICT'02, Beijing, China, Jun.2002, pp:501-505.
[19]R. Pabst, B.H. Walke, D. C. Schultz, et. al., Relay-based deployment concepts for wireless and mobile broadband radio, IEEE Commun. Mag.,vol.42, no.9, Sep.2004, pp:80-89.
[20]J. N. Laneman and G. W. Wornell, Distributed space-time-coded protocols for exploiting cooperative diversity in wireless networks, IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol.49, no.10, Oct. 2003,pp:2415-2425.
[21]R. Mudumbai, D. R. Brown, U. Madhow, et. al.,Distributed beamforming in wireless relay networks with quantized feedback, IEEE Commun. Mag.,vol.47, no.2, Feb.2009, pp: 102-110.
[22]A. Bletsas, A. Khisti, D. P. Reed, et. al.,A simple cooperative diversity method based on network path selection, IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.,vol.24, no.3,Mar.2006, pp: 659-672.
[23]J. N.Laneman, D. N. C.Tse and G. W. Wornell, Cooperative diversity in wireless networks: efficient protocols and outage behavior, IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol.50, no.12, Dec. 2004, pp:3062-3080.
[24]T. C. Y. Ng and W. Yu, Joint optimization of relay strategies and resource allocations in cooperative cellular networks,IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.,vol.25, no.2, Feb.2007, pp: 328-339.
[25]Z. Yi and I. M. Kim, Diversity order analysis of the decode-and-forward cooperative networks with relay selection, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.7, no.5, May 2008, pp: 1792-1799.
[26]Y. Zhu, Y. Xin and P. Y. Kam, Optimal transmission strategies for reyleigh fading relay channels, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.7, no.2, Feb.2008, pp:618-628.
[27]L. Xie and X. Zhang, TDMA and FDMA based resource allocations for quality of service provisioning over wireless relay networks, In Proc. IEEE WCNC'07, Hongkong, China, Mar. 2007, pp:3153-3157.
[28]K. B; Letaief and W. Zhang, Cooperative communications for cognitive radio networks, Proc. IEEE, vol.97, no.5,May 2009, pp:1-16.
[29]Q. Zhang, J. Jia and J. Zhang, Cooperative relay to improve diversity in cognitive radio networks, IEEE Commun. Mag.,vol.47, no.2, Feb.2009, pp:111-117.
[30]WWRF/WG4, Relaying subgroup white paper. Relay-based deployment concepts for wireless and mobile broadband cellular radio, Version 0.1,Jun.2003.
[31]WINNER project, http://www.ist-winner.org.
[32]WINNER+ project, http://projects.celtic-initiative.org/WINNER+/.
[33]Research projects of Communication Technology Laboratory in ETH Zurich, http://www.nari.ee.ethz.ch/wireless/research/projects.html.
[34]Research projects of Signals and Information Group in the University of Maryland, http://www.cspl.umd.edu/sig/research/.
[35]J. N. Laneman, Cooperative diversity in wireless networks:Algorithms and architectures, [PhD Dissertation],Cambridge, MA:Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Aug.2002.
[36]A.Bletsas, Intelligent antenna sharing in cooperative diversity wireless networks, [PhD Dissertation],Cambridge, MA:Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sep.2005.
[37]路安琼,协同通信系统中信道估计及性能的研究,[硕士学位论文],北京：北京邮电大学,2008年3月.
[38]佘莎,放大转发协同通信系统中功率分配算法研究,[硕士学位论文],北京：北京邮电大学,2008年3月.
[39]林霏,无线网络中协同通信技术的研究,[博士学位论文],北京：北京邮电大学,2008年4月.
[40]张旗,协同通信网络结构及优化研究,[博士学位论文],北京：北京邮电大学,2005年4月.
[41]张静美,无线协作传输系统及资源优化配置,[博士学位论文],北京：北京邮电大学,2006年4月.
[42]董波,LDPC编码的分布式空时合作通信系统,[硕士学位论文],浙江杭州：浙江大学,2006年5月.
[43]陈实,无线合作分集网络中的资源分配研究,[硕士学位论文],浙江杭州：浙江大学,2007年4月.
[44]M. J.Lee, J. Zheng, Y. B.Ko, et. al.,Emerging standards for wireless mesh technology, IEEE Commun. Mag.,vol.13,no.2, Apr.2006, pp:56-63.
[45]G.R. Hiertz, Y. Zang, S. Max, et. al.,IEEE 802.11s:WLAN mesh standardization and high performance extensions, IEEE Network, vol.22, no.3,Jun.2008, pp:12-19.
[46]S.W. Peters and R. W. Heath Jr., The future of WiMAX:multi-hop relaying with IEEE 802.16j, IEEE Commun. Mag.,vol.47, no.1,Jan.2009, pp:104-111.
[47]S.Parkvall and D. Astely, The evolution of LTE towards IMT-Advanced, J. Commun.,vol.4, no.3,Apr.2009, pp:146-154.
[1]T. M. Cover and A. A. El Gamal, Capacity theorems for the relay channei, IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. IT-25,no.5, Sep.1979, pp:572-584.
[2]M. A. Khojastepour, A. Sabharwal and B.Aazhang, On capacity of Gaussian'cheap' relay channel, In Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM'03, San Francisco, CA, USA, Dec.2003,pp: 1776-1780.
[3]A. Sendonaris, E. Erkip and B.Aazhang, User cooperation diversity--part Ⅰ:system description, IEEE Trans. Commun.,vol.51,no.11,Nov.2003, pp:1927-1938.
[4]A. Sendonaris, E. Erkip and B. Aazhang, User cooperation diversity-part Ⅱ:implementation aspects and performance analysis, IEEE Trans. Commun.,vol.51,no.11,Nov.2003,pp: 1939-1948.
[5]J. N. Laneman, D. N. C. Tse and G.W. Wornell, Cooperative diversity in wireless networks: efficient protocols and outage behavior, IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol.50, no.12, Dec. 2004, pp:3062-3080.
[6]M. O. Hasna and M. S. Alouini, End-to-end performance of transmission systems with relays over Rayleigh-fading channel, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.2, no.6, Jun.2005, pp: 2020-2040.
[7]A. El Gamal and M. Aref, The capacity of the semideterministic relay channel, IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol.28, no.3,May 1982, p:536.
[8]L. You, M. Song, J. Song, et. al., Adaptive resource allocation in OFDMA relay-aided cooperative cellular networks, In Proc. IEEE VTC Spring'08, Marina Bay, Singapore, May 2008, pp:1925-1929.
[9]O. Oyman, J. N. Laneman and S.Sandhu, Multihop relaying for broadband wireless mesh networks:from theory to practice, IEEE Commun. Mag.,vol.45, no.11,Nov.2007, pp: 116-122.
[10]T. M. Cover and J. A. Thomas, Elements of Information Theory, Wiley Series in Telecommunications,1991.
[11]T.E. Hunter and A. Nosratinia, Cooperative diversity through coding, In Proc. IEEE ISIT'02, Lausanne, Switzerland, Jul.2002, p:220.
[12]A. Nosratinia, T. E. Hunter and A. Hedayat, Cooperative communication in wireless networks, IEEE Commun. Mag.,vol.42, no.10, Oct.2004, pp:74-80.
[13]A. Stefanov and E. Erkip, Cooperative coding for wireless networks, IEEE Trans. Commun., vol.52, no.9, Sep.2004, pp:1470-1476.
[14]Y. Li, B.Vucetic, T. Wong, et. al.,Distributed turbo coding with soft information relaying in multihop relay networks, IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.,vol.24, no.11,Nov.2006, pp: 2040-2050.
[15]董波,LDPC编码的分布式空时合作通信系统,[硕士学位论文],浙江杭州：浙江大学,2006年5月.
[16]S.Jeon and S.H. Lee, A relay-assisted handover technique with network coding over multihop cellular networks, IEEE Commun. Lett.,vol.11,no.3,Mar.2007, pp:252-254.
[17]R. U. Nabar, H. Bolcskei and F. W. Kneubuhler, Fading relay channels:performance limits and space-time signal design, IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.,vol.22, no.6, Aug.2004, pp: 1099-1109.
[18]J.N.Laneman and G.W. Wornell, Distributed space-time-coded protocols for exploiting cooperative diversity in wireless networks, IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol.49, no.10, Oct. 2003,pp:2415-2425.
[19]A. Stefanov and E. Erkip, Cooperative space-time coding for wireless networks, IEEE Trans. Commun.,vol.53,no.11,Nov.2005, pp:1804-1809.
[20]M. Dohler, A. Gkelias and H. Aghvami, Resource allocation for FDMA-based regenerative multihop links, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.3,no.6, Nov.2004, pp:1989-1993.
[21]K. Wu and W. Liao, Flow allocation in multi-hop wireless networks:a cross-layer approach, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.7, no.1,Jan.2008, pp:269-276.
[22]Q. Zhang and Y. Q. Zhang, Cross-layer design for QoS support in multihop wireless networks, Proc. IEEE, vol.96, no.1,Jan.2008, pp:64-76.
[23]J. Cho and Z. J. Haas, On the throughput enhancement of the down-stream channel in cellular radio networks through multihop relaying,IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., vol.22, no.7, Sep.2004, pp:1206-1219.
[24]J.Boyer, D. Falconer and H. Yanikomeroglu, Multihop diversity in wireless relaying channels, IEEE Trans. Commun.,vol.52, no.10, Oct.2004, pp:1820-1830.
[25]S. Savazzi and U. Spagnolini, Energy aware power allocation strategies for multihop-cooperative transmission schemes, IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.,vol.25,no.2, Feb.2007, pp:318-327.
[26]L. Le and E. Hossain, Cross-layer optimization frameworks for multihop wireless networks using cooperative diversity, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.7, no.7, Jul.2008, pp: 2592-2602.
[27]H.Wu, C.Qiao, S.De, et. al., Integrated cellular and ad-hoc relay systems:iCAR, IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.,vol.19, no.10, Oct.2001,pp:2105-2115.
[28]X. Du and D. Wu, Adaptive cell relay routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks, IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol.55, no.1,Jan.2006, pp:278-285.
[29]A.Al-Hanbali, A. A. Kherani, R. Groenevelt, et. al.,Impact of mobility on the performance of relaying in ad hoc networks, In Proc. IEEE INFOCOM'06, Barcelona, Spain, Apr.2006, pp: 1-12.
[30]G. R. Hiertz, Y. Zang, S.Max, et. al.,IEEE 802.11s:WLAN mesh standardization and high performance extensions, IEEE Network, vol.22, no.3, Jun.2008, pp:12-19.
[31]G. N. Aggelouand and R. Tafazolh, On the relaying capacity of next generation GSM cellular networks, IEEE Pers. Commun.,vol.8, no.1,Feb.2001, pp:40-47.
[32]T. Rouse, I. Band and S. Mclaughlin, Capacity and power investigation of opportunity driven multiple access (ODMA) networks in TDD-CDMA based systems, In Proc. IEEE ICC'02, New York, NY, USA, Apr.2002, pp:3202-3206.
[33]Y. Lin and Y. Hsu, Multihop cellular:a new architecture for wireless communications, In Proc. IEEE INFOCOM'02, Piscataway, NJ, USA, Mar.2000, pp:1273-1283.
[34]R. Ananthapadmanbha, B.S.Manoj and C. Siva Ram Murthy, Multi-hop cellular network: the architecture and routing protocols, In Proc. IEEE PIMRC'01,San Diego, CA, USA, Oct. 2001,pp:78-82.
[35]H. Wu, C. Qiao and O. Tonguz, A new generation wireless system with integrated cellular and mobile relaying technologies, In Proc. of Wireless Access Systems Conference (WAS'2000), San Francisco, CA, USA, Dec.2000, pp:55-62.
[36]H. Wu,C. Qiao, S.De, et. al.,Integrated cellular and ad hoc relaying systems:iCAR, IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., vol.19, no.10, Oct.2001,pp:2105-2115.
[37]G. Scutari and S. Barbarossa, Distributed space-time coding for regenerative relay networks, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol.4, no.5, Sep.2005, pp:2387-2399.
[38]S. Yiu, R. Schober and L. Lampe, Distributed space-time block coding, IEEE Trans. Commun., vol.54, no.7, Jul.2006, pp:1195-1206.
[39]P. Viswanath and D. N. C. Tse, Opportunistic beamforming using dumb antennas, IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol.48, no.6, Jun.2002, pp:1277-1294.
[40]E.Koyuncu, Y.Jing and H. Jafarkhani, Distributed beamforming in wireless relay networks with quantized feedback, IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., vol.26, no.8, Oct.2008, pp: 1429-1439.
[41]Y. Zhao, R. Adve and T. J. Lim, Beamforming with limited feedback in amplify-and-forward cooperative networks, IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol.7, no.12, Dec.2008, pp:5145-5149.
[42]Z. Ding, W. H. Chin and K. K. Leung, Distributed beamforming and power allocation for cooperative networks, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.7, no.5,May 2008, pp: 1817-1822.
[43]A. F. Molisch and M. Z. Win, MIMO systems with antenna selection-An overview, IEEE Microwave Mag.,vol.5,no.1,Mar.2004, pp:46-56.
[44]S. Nam, M. Vu and V. Tarokh, Relay selection methods for wireless cooperative communications, In Proc. IEEE CISS'08, Princeton, NJ, USA, Mar.2008, pp:859-864.
[45]R. Madan, N. B. Mehta, A. F. Molisch, et. al., Energy-efficient cooperative relaying over fading channels with simple relay selection, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol.7, no.8, Aug.2008, pp:3013-3025.
[46]T. W. Ban, B. C. Jung, D. K. Sung, et. al., Performance analysis of two relay selection schemes for cooperative diversity, In Proc. IEEE PIMRC'07, Athens, Greece, Sep.2007, pp: 1-5.
[47]Y. Jing and H. Jafarkhani, Single and multiple relay selection schemes and their diversity orders, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.8, no.3,Mar.2009, pp:1414-1423.
[48]H. Sreng, H. Yanikomeroglu and D. Falconer, Relayer selection strategies in cellular networks with peer-to-peer relaying, In Proc. IEEE VTC Fall'03, Orlando, FL, USA, Oct. 2003,pp:1949-1953.
[49]A. Bletsas, A. Khisti,D. P. Reed, et. al., A simple cooperative diversity method based on network path selection, IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.,vol.24, no.3,Mar.2006, pp: 659-672.
[50]A. Bletsas, H.Shin and M. Z. Win, Outage optimality of opportunistic amplify-and-forward relaying, IEEE Commun. Lett.,vol.11,no.3,Mar.2007, pp:261-263.
[51]A.Bletsas, H. Shin and M. Z. Win, Cooperative communications with outage-optimal opportunistic relaying, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.6, no.9, Sep.2007, pp: 3450-3460.
[52]R. Tannious and A. Nosratinia, Spectrally-efficient relay selection with limited feedback, IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.,vol.26, no.8, Oct.2008, pp:1419-1428.
[53]E. Beres and R. Adve, Selection cooperation in multi-source cooperative networks, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.7, no.1,Jan.2008, pp:118-127.
[54]K. Chen, B. Zhang, D. Liu, et. al.,Proactive relay selection in distributed multi-source cooperative networks, In Proc. IEEE International Conference on Communications Technology and Applications (ICCTA),Beijing, China, Oct.2009, pp:96-100.
[55]A. Bletsas, A. Khisti and M. Z. Win, Opportunistic cooperative diversity with feedback and cheap radios, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.7, no.5, May 2008, pp:1823-1827.
[56]D. Gunduz and E. Erkip, Opportunistic cooperation by dynamic resource allocation, IEEE Trans.Wireless Commun.,vol.6, no.4, Apr.2007, pp:1446-1454.
[57]W. Su and X.Liu, On optimal selection relaying protocols in cooperative wireless networks, IEEE Trans. Commun., vol.58,no.1,Jan.2010, pp:52-57.
[58]R. Annavajjala, P. C.Cosman and L.B.Milstein, Statistical channel knowledge-based optimum power allocation for relaying protocols in the high SNR regime, IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.,vol.25,no.2, Feb.2007, pp:292-305.
[59]J. W. Huang, Z. Han, M. Chiang, et. al.,Auction-based resource allocation for cooperative communications, IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., vol.26, no.7, Sep.2008, pp:1226-1237.
[60]林霏,无线网络中协同通信技术的研究,[博士学位论文],北京：北京邮电大学,2008年4月.
[61]L. Xie and X. Zhang, TDMA and FDMA based resource allocations for quality of service provisioning over wireless relay networks, In Proc. IEEE WCNC'07, Kowloon, China, Mar. 2007, pp:3155-3159.
[62]S.Ren and K. B.Letaief, Optimal effective capacity for cooperative relay networks with QoS guarantees, In Proc. IEEE ICC'08, Beijing, China, May 2008, pp:3725-3729.
[63]Y. Li, B. Vucetic, Z. Zhou, et. al., Distributed adaptive power allocation for wireless relay networks, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.6, no.3,Mar.2007, pp:948-958.
[64]M. Chen, S.Serbetli and A. Yener, Distributed power allocation strategies for parallel relay networks, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.7, no.2,Feb.2008, pp:552-561.
[65]Z. Zhou, S.Zhou, J. Cui, et.al.,Energy-efficient cooperative cocmmunication based on power control and selective single-relay in wireless sensor networks, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.7, no.8, Aug.2008, pp:3066-3078.
[66]B. Wang, Z. Han and K. J. R. Liu, Distributed relay selection and power control for multiuser cooperative communication networks using Stackelberg game, IEEE Trans. Mobile Comput., vol.8, no.7, Jul.2009, pp:975-990.
[67]Y. Li, B.Vucetic, Z. Chen, et. al.,An improved relay selection scheme with hybrid relaying protocols, In Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM'07, Washington, USA, Nov.2007, pp:3704-3708.
[68]王文益,杨树元,梁军利等,基于译码-转发的多中继合作分集系统的功率分配,电子与信息学报,vol.30, no.3,2008年3月,pp：612-615.
[69]A. S.Ibrahim, A. K. Sadek, W. Su, et. al.,Cooperative communications with relay-selection: when to cooperate and whom to cooperate with?, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.7, no. 7, Jul.2008, pp:2814-2827.
[70]尹长川,罗涛,乐光新,多载波宽带无线通信技术,北京：北京邮电大学,2004年7月.
[71]M. Kaneko, K. Hayashi, P. Popovski, et. al.,Amplify-and-forward cooperative diversity schemes for multi-carrier systems, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.7, no.5,May 2008, pp:1845-1850.
[72]B. Gui, L. Dai and L. J. Cimini Jr., Selective relaying in cooperative OFDM systems: two-hop random network, In Proc. IEEE WCNC'08, Las Vegas, NV, USA, Apr.2008, pp: 996-1001.
[73]B.Can, H. Yomo and E. D. Carvalho, Hybrid forwarding scheme for cooperative relaying in OFDM based networks, In Proc. IEEE ICC'06, Istanbul, Turkey, Jul.2006, pp:4520-4525.
[74]余官定,多载波与合作通信系统中的资源优化分配研究,[博士学位论文],浙江杭州：浙江大学,2006年4月.
[75]吴彤,王莹,束超等,基于两跳载波配对策略的非再生OFDM中继系统性能优化,北京邮电大学学报,vol.30, no.11,2008年11月,pp：2547-2551.
[76]B. Gui and L. J. Cimini Jr., Resource allocation algorithms for multiuser cooperative OFDMA systems with subchannel permutation, In Proc. IEEE CISS'08, Princeton, NJ, USA, Mar.2008, pp:692-697.
[77]H. Li, H. Luo, X. Wang, et. al., Fairness-aware resource allocation in OFDMA cooperative relaying network, In Proc. IEEE ICC'09, Dresden, Germany, Jun.2009, pp:1-5.
[78]I. Hammerstrom and A. Wittneben, On the optimal power allocation for nonregenerative OFDM relay links, In Proc. IEEE ICC'06, Istanbul, Turkey, Jul.2006, pp:4463-4468.
[79]R. Kwak and J. M. Cioffi, Resource-allocation for OFDMA multi-hop relaying downlink systems, In Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM'07, Washington, USA, Nov.2007, pp:3225-3229.
[80]G.Li and H. Liu, Resource allocation for OFDMA relay networks with fairness constraints, IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.,vol.24, no.11,Nov.2006, pp:2061-2069.
[81]J. Shi, G. Yu, Z. Zhang, et. al.,Resource allocation in OFDM based multihop wireless networks, In Proc. IEEE VTC Fall'06, Melbourne, Australia, May 2006, pp:319-323.
[82]I.Hammerstrom and A. Wittneben, Power allocation schemes for amplify-and-forward MIMO-OFDM relay links, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol.6, no.8, Aug.2007, pp: 2798-2802.
[83]Z. Tang and G.Wei, Resource allocation with fairness consideration in OFDMA-based relay networks, In Proc. IEEE WCNC'09, Budapest, Hungary, Apr.2009, pp:-1-5.
[84]M. K. Awad and X. Shen, OFDMA based two-hop cooperative relay network resources allocation, In Proc. IEEE ICC'08, Beijing, China, May 2008,pp:4414-4418.
[85]K. Chen, B.Zhang, D. Liu, et. al.,Fair resource allocation in OFDMA two-hop cooperative relaying cellular networks, In Proc. IEEE VTC Fall'09,Anchorage, Alaska, Sep.2009, pp: 1-5.
[86]T. C. Y. Ng and W. Yu, Joint optimization of relay strategies and resource allocations in cooperative cellular networks, IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., vol.25,no.2, Feb.2007, pp: 328-339.
[87]陈凯,张碧玲,刘丹谱等,OFDMA解码转发中继系统的最优资源分配,北京邮电大学学报,vol.33, no.1,2010年2月,pp：13-18.
[88]FCC, Facilitating opportunities for flexible, efficient and reliable spectrum use employing cognitive radio technologies, NPRM & Order, ET Docket no.03-108, FCC 03-322,2003.
[89]J. Mitola and G. Q. Maguire, Cognitive radio:making software radios more personal, IEEE Pers. Commun. Mag.,vol.6, no.4, Aug.1999, pp:13-18.
[90]FCC, Spectrum policy task force report, ET Docket No.02-155, Nov.2002.
[91]J. M. Peha, Approaches to spectrum sharing, IEEE Commun. Mag.,vol.43, no.2, Feb.2005, pp:10-12.
[92]G. Faulhaber and D. Farber, Spectrum management:property rights, markets and the commons, In Proc. Telecommunications Policy Research Conference, Oct.2003.
[93]S. Haykin, Cognitive radio:brain-empowered wireless communications, IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.,vol.23,no.2, Jan.2005,pp:201-220.
[94]FCC, Facilitating opportunities for flexible, efficient, and reliable spectrum use employing cognitive radio technologies, ET Docket 03-289, Notice of Inquiry and Proposed,2003.
[95]O. Simeone, I.Stanojev, S.Savazzi, et. al.,Spectrum leasing to cooperative secondary ad hoc networks, IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.,vol.26, no.1,Jan.2008,pp:203-213.
[96]S.K. Jayaweera and T. Li, Dynamic spectrum leasing in cognitive radio networks via primary-secondary user power control games, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.8, no.6, Jun.2009, pp:3300-3310.
[97]H. Arslan, Cognitive radio, software defined radio, and adaptive wireless systems, Springer, 2007.
[98]K. B. Letaief and W. Zhang, Cooperative communications for cognitive radio networks, Proc. IEEE, vol.97, no.5,May 2009, pp:1-16.
[99]I. F. Akyildiz, W. Y. Lee, M. C. Vuran, et. al., Next generation/dynamic spectrum access/cognitive radio wireless networks:a survey, Elsevier Computer Networks, vol.50, May 2006, pp:2127-2159.
[100]T. A. Weiss and F. K. Jondral, Spectrum pooling:an innovative strategy for the enhancement of spectrum efficiency, IEEE Commun. Mag., vol.,no.,Mar.2004, pp:8-14.
[101]C. Sun and K. B. Letaief, User cooperation in heterogeneous cognitive radio networks with interference reduction, In Proc. IEEE ICC'08, Beijing, China, May 2008, pp:3193-3197.
[102]G. Ganesan and Y. Li, Cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio, part I:two user networks, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol.6, no.6, Jun.2007, pp:2204-2213.
[103]G.Ganesan and Y. Li, Cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio, part II:multiuser networks, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.6,no.6, Jun.2007, pp:2214-2222.
[104]O. Simeone, U. Spagnolini and Y. Bar-Ness, Stable throughput of cognitive radios with and without relaying capability, IEEE Trans. Commun.,vol.55,no.12, Dec.2007, pp: 2351-2360.
[105]G. Zhao, J. Ma, Y. Li, et.al.,Spatial spectrum holes in cognitive radio with relay transmission, In Proc. IEEE VTC Spring'09, Barcelona, Spain, April,2009, pp:1-5.
[106]Q. Zhang,J. Jia and J. Zhang, Cooperative relay to improve diversity in cognitive radio networks, IEEE Commun. Mag.,vol.47, no.2, Feb.2009, pp:111-117.
[1]A. Bletsas, A. Khisti, D. P. Reed, et. al., A simple cooperative diversity method based on network path selection, IEEE J. Select.Areas Commun.,vol.24, no.3,Mar.2006, pp: 659-672.
[2]A. Bletsas, A. Khisti and M. Z. Win, Opportunistic cooperative diversity with feedback and cheap radios, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.7, no.5,May 2008, pp:1823-1827.
[3]A. Bletsas, H. Shin and M. Z. Win, Cooperative communications with outage-optimal opportunistic relaying, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.6, no.9, Sep.2007, pp: 3450-3460.
[4]A. Bletsas, H. Shin and M. Z. Win, Outage optimality of opportunistic amplify-and-forward relaying, IEEE Commun. Lett., vol.11,no.3,Mar.2007, pp:261-263.
[5]A. Bletsas, Intelligent antenna sharing in cooperative diversity wireless networks, [PhD Dissertation],Cambridge, MA:Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sep.2005.
[6]A. Nosratinia and T. E. Hunter, Grouping and partner selection in cooperative wireless networks, IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.,vol.25,no.2, Feb.2007, pp:369-378.
[7]E. Beres and R. Adve, Selection cooperation in multi-source cooperative networks, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.7, no.1,Jan.2008, pp:118-127.
[8]J. Cai,X. Shen, J. W. Mark, et. al., Semi-distributed user relaying algorithm for amplify-and-forward wireless relay networks, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.7, no.4, Apr.2008, pp:1348-1357.
[9]T. C. Y. Ng and W. Yu, Joint optimization of relay strategies and resource allocations in cooperative cellular networks, IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.,vol.25, no.2, Feb.2007, pp: 328-339.
[10]陈凯,张碧玲,刘丹谱等,OFDMA解码转发中继系统的最优资源分配,北京邮电大学学报,vol.33,no.1,2010年2月,pp：13-18.
[11]J. N. Laneman and G. W. Wornell, Distributed space-time-coded protocols for exploiting cooperative diversity in wireless networks, IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol.49, no.10, Oct. 2003,pp:2415-2425.
[12]D. Liu, J. Hao and G. Yue, A practical cooperative diversity scheme based on opportunistic relaying with acknowledgement and random backoff, In Proc.4th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Communications (ICWMC),Athens, Greece, Aug.2008, pp:65-70.
[13]L.Zheng and D. N. C. Tse, Diversity and multiplexing:A fundamental tradeoff in multiple-antenna channels, IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol.49, no.5,May 2003,pp: 1073-1096.
[14]D. Chen and J. N. Laneman, Modulation and demodulation for cooperative diversity in wireless systems, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.5,no.7,Jul.2006, pp:1785-1794.
[1]C.Y. Wong, R. S. Cheng, K. B. Letaief, et. al., Multiuser OFDM with adpative subcarrier, bit and power allocation, IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.,vol.17, no.10, Oct.1999, pp: 1747-1758.
[2]J.Jang and K. B. Lee, Transmit power adaptation for multiuser OFDM systems, IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.,vol.21,no.2, Feb.2003,pp:171-178.
[3]Z. Han, Z. Ji and K. J. R. Liu, Fair multiuser channel allocation for OFDMA networks using nash bargaining solutions and coalitions, IEEE Trans. Commun.,vol.53,no.8, Aug.2005,pp: 1366-1376.
[4]Z. Shen, J. G.Andrews and B. L. Evans, Adaptive resource allocation in multiuser OFDM systems with proportional rate constraints, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.4, no.6, Nov. 2005,pp:2726-2737.
[5]I. C. Wong and B. L.Evans, Optimal downlink OFDMA resource allocation with linear complexity to maximize ergodic rates, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.7, no.3,Mar. 2008, pp:962-971.
[6]G.Li and H. Liu, Resource allocation for OFDMA relay networks with fairness constraints, IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.,vol.24, no.11,Nov.2006, pp:2061-2069.
[7]H. Jeong and J. H. Lee, Adaptive relay selection for regenerative OFDMA relay networks with fairness constraints, In Proc. IEEE VTC-Fall'08, Calgary, Canada, Sep.2008, pp:1-5.
[8]K. Chen, B.Zhang, D. Liu, et. al., Fair resource allocation in OFDMA two-hop cooperative relaying cellular networks, In Proc. IEEE VTC Fall'09, Anchorage, Alaska, Sep.2009, pp: 1-5.
[9]W. Nam, W. Chang, S. Y.Chung, et. al.,Transmit optimization for relay-based cellular OFDMA systems, In Proc. IEEE ICC'07, Glasgow, Scotland, Jun.2007, pp:5714-5719.
[10]L. You, M. Song, J. Song, et. al.,Adaptive resource allocation in OFDMA relay-aided cooperative cellular networks, In Proc. IEEE VTC Spring'08, Marina Bay, Singapore, May 2008, pp:1925-1929.
[11]Z. Tang and G.Wei, Resource allocation with fairness consideration in OFDMA-based relay networks, In Proc. IEEE WCNC'09, Budapest, Hungary, Apr.2009, pp:1-5.
[12]B. Da and C. C.Ko, Subcarrier and power allocation in relay-assistant OFDMA cellular system, In Proc.14th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications (APCC), Akihabara, Tokyo, Oct.2008, pp:1-5.
[13]H. Li, H. Luo, X.Wang, et. al., Fairness-aware resource allocation in OFDMA cooperative relaying network, In Proc. IEEE ICC'09, Dresden, Germany, Jun.2009, pp:1-5.
[14]R. Kwak and J. M. Cioffi, The subchannel-allocation for OFDMA relaying downlink systems with total power constraint, In Proc. IEEE VTC-Fall'08, Calgary, Canada, Sep.2008, pp:1-5.
[15]C. Bae and D. H. Cho, Fairness-aware adaptive resource allocation scheme in multihop OFDMA systems, IEEE Commun. Lett.,vol.11,no.2, Feb.2007, pp:134-136.
[16]Y.Pan, A. Nix and M. Beach, Resource allocation techniques for OFDMA-based decode-and-forward relaying networks, In Proc. IEEE VTC-Spring'08, Marina Bay, Singapore, May 2008, pp:1717-1721.
[17]R. Kwak and J. M. Cioffi, Resource-allocation for OFDMA multi-hop relaying downlink systems, In Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM'07, Washington, USA, Nov.2007, pp:3225-3229.
[18]T. C. Y. Ng and W. Yu, Joint optimization of relay strategies and resource allocations in cooperative cellular networks, IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.,vol.25, no.2, Feb.2007, pp: 328-339.
[19]G.Song and Y. Li, Cross-layer optimization for OFDM wireless networks part II:algorithm development, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.4, no.2, Mar.2005, pp:625-634.
[20]W. Yu and R. Lui, Dual methods for nonconvex spectrum optimization of multicarrier systems, IEEE Trans. Commun.,vol.54, no.7, Jul.2006, pp:1310-1322.
[21]Z. Luo and S.Zhang, Dynamic spectrum management:complexity and duality, IEEE J. Select. Areas Sig. Process.,vol.2, no.1,Feb.2008, pp:57-73.
[22]S. Boyd, Convex Optimization, Cambridge, United Kingdom:Cambridge University Press, 2004.
[23]N. Z. Shor, Minimization Methods for Non-Differentiable Functions, New York:Springer, 1985.
[24]P. Hande, S. Zhang and M. Chiang, Distributed rate allocation for inelastic flows, IEEE/ACM Trans. Network.,vol.15,no.6, Dec.2007, pp:1240-1253.
[25]何坚勇,最优化方法,北京：清华大学出版社,2007年7月.
[26]R. Jain, A. Durresi and G Babic, Throughput fairness index:an explanation, ATM Forum/99-0045,Feb.1999.
[1]C. Bae and D. H. Cho, Fairness-aware adaptive resource allocation scheme in multihop OFDMA systems, IEEE Commun. Lett,vol.11,no.2, Feb.2007, pp:134-136.
[2]Y. Pan, A. Nix and M. Beach, Resource allocation techniques for OFDMA-based decode-and-forward relaying networks, In Proc. IEEE VTC-Spring'08, Marina Bay, Singapore, May 2008, pp:1717-1721.
[3]H. Li,H. Luo, X. Wang, et. al.,Fairness-aware resource allocation in OFDMA cooperative relaying network, In Proc. IEEE ICC'09, Dresden, Germany, Jun.2009, pp:1-5.
[4]陈凯,张碧玲,刘丹谱等,OFDMA解码转发中继系统的最优资源分配,北京邮电大学学报,vol.33,no.1,2010年2月,pp：13-18.
[5]M. K. Awad and X. Shen, OFDMA based two-hop cooperative relay network resources allocation, In Proc. IEEE ICC'08, Beijing, China, May 2008, pp:4414-4418.
[6]D. Zhang, Y. Wang and J. Lu, On QoS-guaranteed downlink cooperative OFDMA systems with amplify-and-forward relays:optimal schedule and resource allocation, In Proc. IEEE WCNC'09, Budapest, Hungary, April,2009, pp:1-5.
[7]Z. Tang and G.Wei, Resource allocation with fairness consideration in OFDMA-based relay networks, In Proc. IEEE WCNC'09, Budapest, Hungary, Apr.2009, pp:1-5.
[8]G.Owen, Game Theory,3rd ed. New York:Academic,2001.
[9]Z. Han, Z. Ji and K. J. R. Liu, Fair multiuser channel allocation for OFDMA networks using nash bargaining solutions and coalitions, IEEE Trans. Commun.,vol.53, no.8, Aug.2005,pp: 1366-1376.
[10]M. O. Hasna and M.S.Alouini, Optimal power allocation for relayed transmissions over rayleigh-fading channels, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.3,no.6, Nov.2004, pp: 1999-2004.
[11]J. Luo, R. S.Blum, L. J. Cimini, et. al., Decode-and-forward cooperative diversity with power allocation in wireless networks, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.6, no.3,Mar. 2007, pp:793-799.
[12]R. Kwak and J. M. Cioffi, Resource-allocation for OFDMA multi-hop relaying downlink systems, In Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM'07, Washington, USA, Nov.2007, pp:3225-3229.
[13]R. Kwak and J. M. Cioffi, The subchannel-allocation for OFDMA relaying downlink systems with total power constraint, In Proc. IEEE VTC-Fall'08, Calgary, Canada, Sep.2008, pp:1-5.
[14]H. Jeong and J. H. Lee, Adaptive relay selection for regenerative OFDMA relay networks with fairness constraints, In Proc. IEEE VTC-Fall'08, Calgary, Canada, Sep.2008, pp:1-5.
[15]T. C. Y. Ng and W. Yu, Joint optimization of relay strategies and resource allocations in cooperative cellular networks, IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.,vol.25,no.2, Feb.2007, pp: 328-339.
[16]Y. Zhang and K. B. Letaief, Multiuser adaptive subcarrier-and-bit allocation with adaptive cell selection for OFDM systems, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.3,no.5, Sep.2004, pp:1566-1575.
[17]B. Da and C. C. Ko, Subcarrier and power allocation in relay-assistant OFDMA cellular system, In Proc.14th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications (APCC), Akihabara, Tokyo, Oct.2008, pp:1-5.
[18]G.Li and H. Liu, Resource allocation for OFDMA relay networks with fairness constraints, IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.,vol.24, no.11,Nov.2006, pp:2061-2069.
[19]L. Wang, Y. Ji and F. Liu, Resource allocation for OFDMA relay-enhanced system with cooperative selection diversity, In Proc. IEEE WCNC'09, Budapest, Hungary, April,2009, pp: 1-5.
[20]J. N. Laneman, D. N. C. Tse and G.W. Wornell, Cooperative diversity in wireless networks: efficient protocols and outage behavior, IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol.50, no.12, Dec. 2004, pp:3062-3080.
[21]L. Wolsey, Integer programming, New York, NY:John Wiley & Sons Inc.,1998.
[22]T. Cormen, C. E. Leiserson and R. L. Rivest, Introduction to algorithms, Cambridge, Massachusetts:MIT Press,2001.
[23]Lindo System Inc., LINGO, http://www.lindo.com.
[1]J. Mitola and G. Q. Maguire, Cognitive radio:making software radios more personal, IEEE Pers. Commun. Mag.,vol.6, no.4, Aug.1999, pp:13-18.
[2]J.M.Peha, Approaches to spectrum sharing, IEEE Commun. Mag.,vol.43,no.2, Feb.2005, pp:10-12.
[3]G. Faulhaber and D. Farber, Spectrum management:property rights, markets and the commons, In Proc. Telecommunications Policy Research Conference, Oct.2003.
[4]K. B.Letaief and W. Zhang, Cooperative communications for cognitive radio networks, Proc. IEEE, vol.97, no.5, May 2009, pp:1-16,
[5]O. Simeone, I.Stanojev, S.Savazzi, et. al.,Spectrum leasing to cooperative secondary ad hoc networks, IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.,vol.26, no.1,Jan.2008, pp:203-213.
[6]G. Owen, Game Theory,3rd ed. New York:Academic,2001.
[7]J. Huang, R. A. Berry and M. L. Honig, Distributed interference compensation for wireless networks, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun.,vol.24, no.5, May 2006, pp:1074-1084.
[8]D. Niyato and E. Hossain, Competitive pricing for spectrum sharing in cognitive radio networks:dynamic game, inefficiency of nash equilibrium, and collusion, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun.,vol.26, no.1,Jan.2008, pp:192-202.
[9]J. Bae, E. Beigman, R. A. Berry, et. al., Sequential bandwidth and power auctions for distributed spectrum sharing, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun.,vol.26, no.7, Sep.2008, pp: 1193-1203.
[10]S.K. Jayaweera and T. Li, Dynamic spectrum leasing in cognitive radio networks via primary-secondary user power control games, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.,vol.8, no.6, Jun.2009, pp:3300-3310.
[11]X. Wang, Z. Li, P. Xu, et. al.,Spectrum sharing in cognitive radio networks-an auction-based approach, IEEE Trans. System, Man and Cybernetics, Part B, vol.40, no.1, 2009, pp:1-10.
[12]谢识予,经济博弈论,第3版,上海：复旦大学出版社,2007年8月.
[13]J. N. Laneman, D. N. C. Tse and G.W. Wornell, Cooperative diversity in wireless networks: efficient protocols and outage behavior, IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol.50, no.12, Dec. 2004, pp:3062-3080.
[14]L.Zhou, The nash bargaining theory with non-convex problems, Econometrica, vol.65,May 1997, pp:681-685.
[15]邹玉龙,郑宝玉,崔景伍等,基于跨层机制的最佳协作中继选择及其系统实现,通信学报,vol.29, no.8,2008年8月,pp：1-10.
[16]A. Bletsas, A. Khisti, D. P. Reed, et. al.,A simple cooperative diversity method based on network path selection, IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.,vol.24, no.3,Mar.2006, pp: 659-672.
[17]D. Liu, J. Hao and G. Yue, A practical cooperative diversity scheme based on opportunistic relaying with acknowledgement and random backoff, In Proc.4th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Communications (ICWMC), Athens, Greece, Aug.2008, pp:65-70.